Kuzindikira Mayeso a Kukhala Nzika

Kufufuza kumeneku kukusonyeza kuti munthu amene wafunsira kulowa m’dzikolo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake ndiponso kuvomerezedwa ndi boma.

Nthaŵi Zomwe Zimakhala Zosavuta Kuzitenga M’dziko

Kuchuluka kwa nyengo yogona m’dziko kumakhala kosiyanasiyana kwambiri m’mayiko onse. Dziko la United States limafunika kukhala kwa zaka zisanu (zaka zitatu ngati likhala ndi munthu wina wa ku United States). Canada limalamula kuti pakhale zaka pafupifupi 1,095 m’zaka zisanu asanalembetsedwe. Dziko la Australia limafunika kukhala zaka zinayi mwalamulo ndi miyezi 12 kukhala nzika yachikhalire.

Mayiko a European Union akusonyeza kuti dziko la Germany limakhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, likutha kukhala zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri ndi maphunziro omaliza. France amafuna kuti anthu akhalemo kwa zaka zisanu, ndipo kuchepetsako zaka ziŵiri pa milandu ina yapadera. Spain imafunikira kukhala ndi nyumba zalamulo zokhazikika zaka khumi, ngakhale kuti nyengo imeneyi imachepetsa zaka ziŵiri kwa ofunsira ku madera akale a ku Spain.

Kukhalapo Kopitirizabe Kusiyana ndi Kukhalapo Kwakuthupi

Malamulo oimira dziko amasiyanitsa pakati pa kukhalapo kopitirizabe ndi kukhalapo kwa thupi. Kukhalapo kopitirizabe kumatanthauza kuti wofunsirayo wasunga malo awo oyamba m'dzikolo popanda kukhalako kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Mayiko ambiri amalingalira kusoweka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kuchuluka kwa kusapezeka kwa chaka chimodzi monga kutha kwa malo okhala. Maiko ena amalola kusiyapo utumiki wankhondo, ntchito ya boma kunja, kapena ngozi zamankhwala.

Ziyeneretso za kukhalapo kwa thupi zimatchula chiŵerengero cha masiku amene wofunsira ayenera kukhala mkati mwa dziko panthaŵi yoyenerera. Njira ya Canada yoŵerengera ili yolimba kwambiri, ikufuna kuti ofunsira aŵerenge masiku awo akuthupi molunjika. United States Citizeship ndi Immigration Service imagwira ntchito muyezo wosinthika kwambiri koma wopenderabe kutsa kutsalira kowonjezereka.

Zosankha Zofala ndi Zochepetsa

Mayiko ambiri amapereka nyengo zochepetsa malo okhala kwa anthu a magulu ena.

  • Anzawo a nzika: Kaŵirikaŵiri amayenerera nyengo zochepekera zoyembekezera. United States amapereka njira ya zaka zitatu kwa okwatirana a nzika za United States. United Kingdom imachepetsa chiyeneretso cha kukhala m’dziko kwa zaka zitatu kwa okwatirana a nzika za Britain.
  • Othaŵa kwawo ndi otetezeredwa: Maiko angapo amaŵerengera nthaŵi yowonongedwa monga munthu wotetezeredwa kulinga ku chiyeneretso cha kukhala ndi malo okhala. Canada imazindikira theka la nthaŵi yowonongedwa monga munthu wotetezeredwa asanakhale ndi malo okhala achikhalire.
  • Usilikali: Mayiko ena amaonetsetsa kuti anthu amene akutumikira m’gulu la asilikali awo atha kukwanitsa kulimbana ndi asilikali awo.
  • Opereka ndalama ndi ogulitsa: Nthaŵi zambiri mayiko amene ali ndi maprogramu a wosunga chikalata choyendera ndalama amathandiza anthu ambiri kuti akhale nzika za m’dzikomo.

Kusonyeza Umboni wa Ukwati Wanu

Mapepala a boma ayenera kupereka mapepala ambiri otsimikizira kuti akwaniritsa zofunika za ntchito. Umboni wapadera umaphatikizapo zolemba za ntchito, zobweza msonkho, mapangano obwereketsa ndalama, mafailo a magetsi, mafailo a zamankhwala, mapepala a mabanki, ndi mitengo yothandizira anthu oyenda. Akuluakulu ofufuza za mbiri yakale afunikira kudutsa zikalata zimenezi kuti atsimikizire kusasintha kwa zinthu. Kusunga zolembedwa zolinganizidwa m'nyengo yanu yonseyo kumagwirizanitsa kwambiri njira yofunsira.

Zida zamakono komanso ma aplog oyendera angathandize ofunsira kukonza zolondola za masiku oloŵa ndi otulukira. Olemba mapepala ayenera kusunga makope a sitampu yonse, magalimoto ogona pa nyumba, ndi kuyenda pa malo ochezera a galimoto. Mayiko ena tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoloŵera ndi kutumiza zimene zimatheketsa nkhani zapaulendo ku boma popempha.

Ziyeneretso Zolankhula Chinenero Chongozindikiridwa

Mafufuzidwewa akusonyeza kuti anthu a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana amalankhula bwino zinenero za m’dziko lawolo, monga mmene amachitira tsiku ndi tsiku, ntchito, ndiponso kuti amathandiza nawo pa ntchito.

Kuyesa Miyezo ya Chinenero Yoperekedwa ndi Mlandu

Maiko olankhula Chingelezi amafuna kwenikweni ofunsira kusonyeza luso lofanana ndi lapakati pa mlingo wa Common Language Frames of Languages . Canada imagwiritsira ntchito Canadian Language Benchmarks, kufunikira Chigawo 4 (basilic) m’kulankhula ndi kumvetsera kukhala nzika. Australia imakhazikitsa miyezo yogwirizana ndi International English Language Supy System, makamaka yofunikira chiŵerengero cha 5.0 kapena kuposa.

Maiko olankhula Chingelezi amasunga miyezo yawoyawo. Germany amafuna kuti anthu ambiri azikhala ndi luso la CEFR. Netherlands imalamula kuti A2 akhale ndi luso la kujambula zinthu zachilengedwe. France amayembekezera kuti mlingo wa B1 m’Chifrenchi cholankhulidwa, chofufuzidwa mwa kufunsidwa mmalo mwa kupima kochitidwa mwalamulo.

Ireland imawonekera kukhala dziko la Chingelezi lopanda mayeso a chinenero chachibadwidwe kaamba ka kukhala nzika, ngakhale kuti ofunsira ayenera kusonyeza luso loyenera mkati mwa kufunsa kwa chilengedwe. Nkhani imeneyi mwa ndandanda imasonyeza kuthekera kwa wofunsirayo kukhala ndi phande m’kufunsako m'Chingelezi popanda womasulira.

Mbali Zoyesa ndi Kujambula

Kuyesa chilankhulo cha boma kwambiri poyesa unzika kumafufuza njira zinayi zopimira:

Kumvetsera kumvetsetsa [1] kumaika kukhoza kwa kumvetsetsa chinenero cholankhulidwa m'nkhani za tsiku ndi tsiku. Oyesa amamvetsera ku kukambitsirana kojambulidwa, zilengezo, kapena malangizo ndi mafunso onena za zimene zilimo. Chigawo chimenechi chimapanga maziko a kulankhulana kogwirizana.

Apima kutchula mawu, kumveka bwino, kulondola galamala, ndi kukhoza kufotokoza bwino mfundo. Ofufuza amafunsira m’nkhani zokhudza nkhani zozoloŵereka, zokumana nazo zaumwini, ndi nkhani za boma. Kuyesa kwa kulankhula kumatheketsa ofufuza kupenda njira yachibadwa yolankhulirana ndi kumvetsetsa panthaŵi yeniyeni.

Kuŵerenga Kumvetsetsa [1] kumayesa kukhoza kwa kumvetsetsa zolembedwa zimene zimapezeka masiku onse. Kuyesa kumaphatikizapo zizindikiro, mafashoni, nkhani, zikalata zovomerezeka, ndi malemba a maphunziro a boma. Mafomu ayenera kusonyeza kuti angapeze tanthauzo la zinthu zolembedwa m’miyambo.

Kufufuza luso kumapenda kukhoza kwa kutulutsa kulankhulana komvekera bwino. Ntchito zolemba zimaphatikizapo mafomu omaliza, kulemba mauthenga achidule, kufotokoza zokumana nazo zaumwini, ndi kufotokoza malingaliro pa nkhani zozoloŵereka. Malamulo ena amafuna ofunsira kulemba ziganizo zosavuta kusonyeza galamala ndi mawu osavuta.

Kumasuka ndi Kugonako

Mayiko ambiri salola kuyesedwa kwa zinenero. Ofunsira okalamba nthaŵi zambiri saloledwa kulowa usilikali. A ku United States amene alephera kulowa m'dzikolo kwa zaka zoposa 50 omwe akhala m’dzikolo. Opempha kusalembetsa a zaka 65. Kumayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, ku United Kingdom, Australia, ndi ku Ulaya, anthu amene saloledwa kulowa usilikali.

Kuletsa anthu kusalandira chithandizo chamankhwala n’kothandiza kwa ofunsira amene ali ndi vuto loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinenero. Kulephera kumeneku kumafuna mapepala a madokotala otsimikizira vutolo.

Maiko ena okhala ndi anthu kwanthaŵi yaitali amene asonyeza kale luso la chinenero kuyesa kapena maphunziro asanawapindulitse angayenerere kufunkha. Maiko ena amavomereza kumaliza maphunziro a chinenero chotchuka cha boma monga umboni wa luso, kuchotsa kufunika kwa kuyesa kosiyana.

Kukonzekera ndi Ziŵiya Zoyesa

Kukonzekera bwino kumathandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale njira yopimira zolembera ndi zoyezera zinenero.

Zophunzirira za M’boma

Akuluakulu a boma oloŵa m'dziko akupereka malangizo ndi zipangizo zophunzirira. Dipatimenti ya za U.S. imapereka "Kuphunzira Chitsogozo" chophatikizapo chidziŵitso cha boma ndi kuphatikizapo mafunso oyesa chinenero. Chitsogozo cha ku Canada cha "Dibor Canada" chili ndi chidziŵitso chofunika kwambiri chopimira nzika. Boma la Australian Citizenship : Our Commond" monga chofufuzira chalamulo.

Mabukuwa amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zinthu monga njira zokhalira ndi anthu, mafomu ofufuzira, mafunso oyezera, ndi chidziŵitso chokhudza mmene angalankhulire. Ambiri amapezeka m’zinenero zosiyanasiyana ndiponso m’makompyuta osiyanasiyana.

Maprogramu Ophunzira Chinenero

Maprogramu a zinenero zochokera m'chitaganya amapereka makonzedwe okhoza kukonzekera kukhala nzika za zinenero. Malaibulale a anthu onse nthaŵi zambiri amakhala ndi magulu olankhulana ndipo amapereka mapulogalamu a pulogalamu a zinenero. Makoleji a Office ndi malo a maphunziro a anthu achikulire amapereka maphunziro okonzekera bwino kukhala nzika.

Mapulatifomu a chilankhulo cha pa Intaneti amapereka mwayi wophunzira zinthu mosinthasintha kwa anthu otanganidwa. Mapulatifomu aakulu monga Duolingo, Babbel, ndi Rosetta Stone amapereka maphunziro ogwirizana ndi mlingo wa CEFR. Mawebusaiti okonzekeretsa unzika amathandiza kuti anthu ayesedwe pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za m’dzikolo.

Masewera a pafoni amathandiza pa nthawi ya mafoni kapena yopuma. Ma apulogalamu a wailesi amathandiza kuti mudziwe mawu okhudzana ndi nkhani za boma. Ma apulogalamu a chilankhulo amagwirizanitsa anthu ofunsira kwa anthu a chilankhulo chawo kuti azilankhulana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi tsiku ndi tsiku kumathandiza kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu pa miyezi ingapo.

Yesani Kuyesa ndi Kuyesa

Kuyesa zinthu panthaŵi yake kumathandiza ofunsira kuona malo ofooka ndi kukulitsa chidaliro. Kuyesa kwa boma pa webusaiti ya boma kumapereka makonzedwe olondola kwambiri. Ofalitsa achitatu amapereka zipangizo zina zimene amayesa kuti ayese mmene zinthu zilili.

Masukulu ambiri a zinenero akupereka mayeso aulesi oyeza kuti aone ngati ali ndi nthawi yokwanira asanaikidwe mayeso. Makompyuta a pa Intaneti amapereka mayeso amene amathandiza kudziwa zinthu zimene zili ndi maluso ena. Ofufuza ayenera kukambirana ndi anthu amene akufuna kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi vuto lolakwika.

Mautumiki Othandiza Akatswiri

Mabungwe omanga nyumba ndi mabungwe osamukira kudziko lina amapereka ntchito zokonza unzika kwaulere kapena zotsika. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapereka malangizo amodzi ofunsira mafomu, kusonkhanitsa zikalata zochirikiza, ndi kukonzekera kufunsa. Ambiri amapereka malo ochitira mayeso a chinenero.

Makampani okonza zinthu amathandiza kwambiri anthu amene akufuna kukonzekera mwamsanga. Mautumiki amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa anthu amene analephera kufunsira kapena amene akufunika kuwongolera mwamsanga kuti akwaniritse nthawi yofunsira. Ofunsirawo amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosiyanasiyana.

Loya waluso wodziŵa za anthu osamukira m’dziko angapereke malangizo pankhani zovuta za kuŵerengera anthu.

Mmene Nkhani Zofunsa Zinkayendera

Kufunsa anthu za nzika kumathandiza kuti anthu ofunsira ntchito adziwe bwinobwino mmene angalankhulire, ndipo akuona kuti apeza njira yofufuzira chilankhulocho.

Kucheza ndi Anthu

Kufunsa nzika zambiri kumatsatira njira yofanana. Ofesalayo amayamba kutsimikizira kuti wofunsirayo ndi kupendanso mfundo zotsatiridwa. Mafunso okhudza mbiri ya anthu, njira zoyendera, ndi ntchito amathandiza kutsimikizira kuti pakufunikabe kukhalako.

Ofufuza a boma afufuzanso za chidziŵitso cha zinenerozo motsatira njira yoonera zinenero. akuluakulu a boma amafunsa mafunso okhudza kayendetsedwe ka boma, mbiri ya dziko, ndi ntchito za boma. Ofufuza ayenera kuyankha molondola kuti asonyeze chidziŵitso chokwanira. Maiko ena amafuna kuti anthu alembe mayeso olembedwa kuwonjezera pa mafunso a pakamwa.

Mavuto Amene Anthu Ambiri Amakumana Nawo

Kulankhulana mosemphana ndi chilankhulo kungabweretse mavuto ngakhale kwa anthu amene achita kuyesedwa. Kulankhula mosiyanasiyana ndiponso kusiyana kwa mawu nthawi zina kumachititsa kuti anthu asamamvetsetse. Asilikali aphunzitsidwa kubwereza mafunso ndi kufotokoza bwino ngati pakufunika. Ofunsira sayenera kuzengereza kufunsa mobwerezabwereza kapena kubwereza mawu.

Kusiyana kwa mapepala kungachedwetse kukonzedwa. Maaunti a pepala amafufuza mosamala mapepala ochirikiza mfundo za pulogalamu imeneyi. Madeti, maadiresi, ndi zochitika za maulendo ziyenera kuyendera limodzi pa zinthu zonse zolembedwa. Kukonza pepala lokonzedwa bwino kumathandiza kuti musasokonezeke pofunsa mafunso.

Mabuku ovuta ofotokoza za malo okhala amafunika kufotokoza bwino lomwe. Ofufuza zinthu zambiri padziko lonse, ntchito zowonjezereka kumayiko akunja, kapena maulendo obwerezabwereza ayenera kukonzekera chidule cha mbiri yawo yakukhala. Kupereka chikalata chimenechi motsatira njira yofunsira.

Kuyang’anira Kampani ya Kugwiritsira Ntchito Njira za Kugwiritsira Ntchito

Kukonzekera pasadakhale kumathandiza kuti munthu achepetse kupanikizika ndipo kumathandiza kuti munthu amene akufuna kukhala m’dzikolo athe kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yoyenerera yoyezera zinenero zosiyanasiyana.

Kukonzanso nthawi

Kufufuza kumene kumachitika kumakhala kuyambira pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziŵiri. United States imakhala ndi avareji ya miyezi 8 mpaka 14 kuchokera pa mwambo wolumbira. Canada ikusimba kuti nthaŵi zambiri kukonza kwa miyezi 12 mpaka 18. Australia imakonza mafomu ambiri pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 16. Mayiko a ku Ulaya amasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu, ndipo kumaliza kuchitika pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndipo ina ina kwatenga zaka zingapo.

Mayeso a zinenero zambiri amakhala ndi masiku amene amawononga nthawi. Mayiko ambiri amalandira zaka ziwiri kuchokera pa deti loyesera.

Malangizo Oyenera

Kuphunzira chinenero kumathandizanso kuti anthu azitha kusamukira m’dziko lina.

Tsalani masiku anu akukhalako kuyambira pamene mukukhala. Mukhale ndi pulogalamu yotsatizana kapena gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu olemba ulendo wonse.

Muyenera kusonkhanitsa zikalata zochirikiza ntchito yanu yonse m'nyengo ya kukhala kwanu mmalo moyembekezera kufikira nthaŵi yofunsira. Musungitse mafaelo a mafaelo a ndalama zobwezedwa msonkho, mafaelo a ntchito, mapangano a lendi, ndi zikalata zina za boma. Gululi limakhazikitsa njira yofunsira ikhalepo ndipo limachepetsa kupanikizika kwa mapepala.

Mawebusaiti a boma amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zimene zikufunika pakalipano. Ndalama zachitatu monga Secondation .org ku Canada kapena ku USA Sross ku United States zimapereka malangizo othandiza m’zinenero zambiri.

Malangizo a akatswiri a zaumoyo amathandiza kwambiri anthu amene achita apilo, amene alemba zinthu zachilendo zokhudza anthu oloŵa m’dziko, kapena zinthu zina zimene zingafune kuti afotokoze.