Malamulo amene amalamulira mapulaneti ndi zigamulo za masankho ku United States ndi mademokrase ena ambiri. Amasankha amene adzaonekera pa chipani chilichonse cha ndale mu November, kuwapanga kukhala limodzi la masitepe otchuka kwambiri koma onyalanyazidwa kaŵirikaŵiri. Malamulo amene amalamulira mapulaneti amasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku boma kupita ku boma, ndipo kusiyana kumeneku kuli ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu pa kugawana nawo, chipani, chipani, ndi kujambula kwa ofunsira a mpikisanowo amene pomalizira pake amapikisana ndi ntchito zawo zazikulu. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulogalamu, kutseka, ndi kuyandikira pang'ono chabe kwa munthu aliyense amene akufuna kuyendetsa bwino njira yosankhira, kaya wovota, mkupiti, kapena wophunzira wa ndale ya ndale. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupenda kofala kwa mtundu uliwonse, ndi kusokonezeka kwake, ndi kukonzanso kwa maluso adziko.

Kodi Upandu N’chiyani Ndipo N’chifukwa Chiyani Uli Wofunika?

Chisankho chachikulu ndi mpikisano woyambirira wogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi zipani za ndale zadziko kusankha mameno awo osankha chisankho. Pamene kuli kwakuti lingalirolo nlomveka, kuphako kumasiyana kwambiri m'zigawo ziŵiri. Upandu sulamulidwa ndi U. Mmalomwake, malamulo a boma ndi malamulo amalamulira mmene amachitidwira. Mitundu yaikulu imafotokozedwa ndi amene amaloledwa kuvota: mamembala a gulu lokha, wovota aliyense, kapena msanganizo wa aŵiri. Chisankho cha dongosolo chachikulu chingatsimikizire kaya chipani chikhoza kupambana chisankho kapena chigamulo chimene chikhoza kupambana ndi chikalata chokhudza chilengero chachikulu. Ndiponso, malamulo aakulu amakhudza kutembenuza: mavoti a voti onse otseka ndi otsegulidwa, pamene kuli kotsendeka ndi mbali yaikulu, pamene gulu la anthu lapamwamba kwambiri. Koma zikhoza kukhazikitsa chivomerezo chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kwa zigamumo.

Kutsegulira Malo Otseguka

Pachiyambi, wovota aliyense wovomerezeka . "angakhale wosankha pa chipani chachikulu. Ofufuza safunikira kukhala chiŵalo cha chipanicho; amangosankha kuti chipani chikhale chilolezo chakufunsira patsiku la chisankho. Dongosolo limeneli limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko pafupifupi 15 a ku United States, kuphatikizapo Michigan, Visconsin, ndi Indiana (kusankha maofesi osankhidwa). Lingaliro lalikulu la otsegulidwa ndilo kutsimikizira kuti anthu ovota ndi kulola nzika za odziimira paokha kukhala ndi liwu m’kusankha wobatizidwa.

Mmene Ntchito Zoyamba Zimagwirira Ntchito

Pa tsiku loyamba, ovota amalandira chisankho pa chipani chimodzi chokha. Iwo sakhoza kuvota m'mabwalo ambiri. M'mayiko ena, monga New Hampshire, ovota angalenge poyera chipani chawo pamalo ofufuza; m'mayiko ena, monga Alabama, chosankha chimachitidwa mwamseri pa chipani. Dongosolo limeneli limatsimikizira kuti wovota amene walembetsedwa monga wodziimira payekha kapena monga chiŵalo cha chipani china angathandize kusankha chipani china. Mwachitsanzo, wovota monga Republican angasankhe kuvota m'gulu lalikulu la Democratic ngati akufuna kuti chipanicho chikhale chodziimira.

Mapindu a Malo Otseguka

  • [[FLT: 0] Kutseguka kwa mawu ndi Voter Chipangano : Kutsegulira kumachepetsa zopinga ku kutengamo mbali. Independents [1] Amene amapanga mbali yaikulu ndi yomakula ya voti----kamodzi popanda kuchita pangano ndi chipani. Zimenezi zingawonjezere kuloŵerera ndi kuchirikiza lingaliro la kuloŵetsedwa m’boma.
  • Kugonjera kwa Okhoza Kuchepetsa: Chifukwa chakuti oyembekezera kuitanidwa ayenera kufunsira osati kwa gulu la okhulupirika okha komanso kwa otsata odzisankhira, kaŵirikaŵiri amapatsidwa ulemu wa kukhala ndi malo owonjezereka. Zimenezi zingatsogolere kwa atsamunda amene ali okonzeka bwino kupambana masankho a onse.
  • Kuchotsa Partisan Polatura: mwa kuitana mtanda wa ovota ku chigawo chachikulu, primmary yotseguka ingaluluzitse chisonkhezero cha ochirikiza chiphunzitso chapamwamba cha pa kagulu, oyembekezera kuwunikira osankhidwa mokulirapo.

Zopinga za Malo Otseguka

  • Strategic kapena “Countro" Volt: Otsutsa akutsutsa kuti otsegula alola ovota kuchokera ku gulu lina ku “anaphunzira” chinthu chachikulu cha chipani china kuti chikhale chochepa mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, wovota wa Republic angavote mu Democratic com' kusankha munthu amene amakhulupirira kuti ali wosavuta kugonjetsa m'masankhoti onse. Pamene kuli kwakuti umboni wotsutsa za kuukira kofalikira ukusanganizidwa, lingaliro la kusanthula mavoti amwa angasokoneze chikhulupiriro chake.
  • Kusokonezeka kwa Chipani: Mamembala a gulu angalingalire kuti njira yosankha gulu lawo yosankha yapambulidwa ndi akunja omwe sagwirizana ndi makhalidwe a chipani. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kusagwirizana kwa mkati ndi lingaliro lochepa la chifuno chimodzi.
  • Unyinji woyang'anira: Antchito achinyengo ayenera kuyang'anira mitundu yambiri ya mavoti ndi kutsimikizira kuti ovota angamvetsetse kuvota m'chiyambi chimodzi chokha. Izi nthaŵi zina zingatsogolere ku kusokonezeka kapena kuphophonya.

Malo Otsekeredwa

Maboma 15 amatseka mapulatifomu, kuphatikizapo New York, Florida, ndi Pennsylvania. Olemba mabuku ayenera kuikidwa mwalamulo ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko, kaŵirikaŵiri kwa nyengo ya nthaŵi isanabadwe, kuti aike chisankho m'mipikisano ya chipanicho ndi kukhala ndi mtengo pa chipambano chake chanthaŵi yaitali.

Mmene Ntchito ya Upandu Inathera

Pamene akulembetsa chivoti, nzika ziyenera kusonyeza chipani chimodzi. M'maboma aakulu, ovota okha amene amalembetsedwa ndi chipani(g., Democrat, Republican, kapena gulu laling'ono(akhoza kuvota m'chigawo chachikulu. Opanda kusankhidwa kapena osankhidwa paokha amachotsedwa mwachisawawa ku mamembala onse a zipani, ngakhale kuti maboma ena amawalola kuvota m'mafuko osakhala a partistan kapena pa miyeso. Chiyeneretso cha chipani chimalamulidwa pamalo oonera, kaŵirikaŵiri kupyolera ku chipani chimene chimangoperekedwa kwa anthu ovomerezeka.

Mapindu a Malo Otsekereza

  • Party Control and Cohesion: Primes imalola magulu a gulu kulamulira kwambiri njira yosankhira wofuna kusankhidwa. Izi zingathandize kusungitsa kusasintha kwa malingaliro ndi kuletsa oyembekezera kuikidwa ndi mphamvu za kunja.
  • Kukhulupirika kwamphamvu ndi Chipangano: Mamembala a chipani amene afunikira kugwirizana kaŵirikaŵiri amaikidwa pa chipambano cha chipani. Izi zingatsogolere ku kudzipereka kwaufulu kwapamwamba, zopereka, ndi maprotoutsism.
  • Kutulutsa Candidate Platforms: Chifukwa chakuti oyembekezera kubatizidwa amasankhidwa ndi gulu la anthu amodzi ovota (aunyinji), iwo amathamanga pa mapulatifomu omwe amayenderana kwambiri ndi malamulo a chipani. Zimenezi zingachititse masankho aunyinji kukhala aluso ndi atanthauzo kwambiri.

Zopinga za Malo Otsekereza

  • Kusintha kwa Independent Voters: Gulu lomakula mofulumira kwambiri la ovota ku United States [1] Opatula ndi osawononga ndi otsekedwa pa kachitidwe ka poyamba. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kuchotsako kulimba mtima ndi kutengamo mbali kochepera. M'maboma onga New York, ovota odziimira okha alibe chonena posankha ofunsira aakulu amene adzawonekera pambuyo pake pa chisankho chawo chachikulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Lower Voter Turnout : "'Akatswiri okha ndi amene angatengemo mbali, kutseguka kwa madongosolo otseka ndi kotsika kwambiri kuposa makompyuta otseguka kapena otsekedwa. Izi zingatanthauze kuti kagulu kakang’ono, kosonkhezeredwa kwambiri (m., chigawo) kamasankha mokhutiritsa nominee, pochititsa ofunsira amene ali opambanitsa kuposa opanga masankho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuwonjezera 'Kusintha: pamene ovota oyambirira ali opatulidwa mokulira, ofuna kubatizidwa ali ndi zisonkhezero zamphamvu zotengera malo olimba kuti apereke apilo ku . Kusintha kumeneku kwapansi kwa dziko" kaŵirikaŵiri kumatchulidwa monga dalaivala wa ma frock ndi wotsendereza m'ndale za ku America.

Malo Osungiramo Asunamo Otsekeredwa

Semi-cled primial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mmene Upandu Unatsekera

Olemba nkhani a m'gulu lapadera angangosankha chivoti chachikulu. Komabe, a Independent angapemphe chiloti cha gulu lililonse limene asankha. M’mayiko ena, chosankha chimenechi chimaperekedwa kwa anthu onse; m’mayiko ena, chimakhala chinsinsi. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mfundo yotseguka bwino nchakuti olembetsa sangawolokere ku chinthu chachikulu cha munthu wina. Zimenezi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya kuukira kodzifunira pamene akulankhula modziimira.

Mapindu a Malo Osungiramo Auchiŵalo Otsekeka

  • Kusunga Umphumphu kwa Chipani: [[FLT :1] Chifukwa chakuti osudzulana amasungidwa ku mfundo zawo zazikulu, magawo amalamulira kusankha kwawo kwa m'mimba. Ziŵalo sizingachotsedwe ndi opikisana ndi chipani china.
  • Kusintha kwakukulu kwa Independents: Wosankha wosasankha [1] amene amaŵerengera pafupifupi chigawo chimodzi mwa zitatu cha osankhidwa m'dzikolo(ndiwo wolandiridwa m'zochitikazo. Izi zingawonjezere kutembenuka ndi pangano pakati pa anthu amene kaŵirikaŵiri amadzimva kukhala onyalanyazidwa.
  • Kuvomereza kwa Atsata Odekha: Atsatiri ayenera kukopa ponse paŵiri ku maziko a chipani chawo ndi kwa ovota odziimira okha amene angapereke kulinganizika. Zimenezi zingatulutse matanthauzo ndi chivomerezo chachikulu ndi kuthekera kwa kusiyanitsa kwakukulu.

Zopinga za Malo Osungiramo Apandu Otsekeka

  • Msokonezo wa ``Kusankha'':' Malamulo onena za amene angavote kuti ndi ndani amene angasokoneze, makamaka kwa ovota oyamba kapena kwa amene asamukira posachedwapa. Maboma ena amafuna kuti anthu adzipatula kuti anene kuti akufuna kuchita nawo chipani, chimene chingaletse kutenga nawo mbali.
  • Nkhani ya Njanji Yachilolezo yochitidwa ndi Independent: Pamene kuli kwakuti kuukira kwa olembetsa kukuletsedwa, ovota opanda lamulo angavote mwadongosolo kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wodziimira payekha amene angavote mu Democratic Republic kuti athandize wotsutsa wofooka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Party Styns: Ziŵalo zina zimada chisonkhezero cha osakhala ziŵalo, ngakhale ngati osakhala ziŵalozo ali odziimira. Amatsutsa kuti kusankha kofuna kuyenera kukhala malo okha a odzipereka a chipani.

Madongosolo Owonjezera: Malanje ndi Maseŵera Aakulu

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu itatu ikuluikuluyi, palinso njira zina zikuluzikulu zimene zimasintha kwambiri malo osankhidwiratu, monga ma tripmial ndi maprimie aŵiri okongola kwambiri, amene ali ndi mizere yovuta kuisintha.

Mabulosi Opanda Manda

Chipinda chachikulu chimalola ovota onse kutengamo mbali m'mabwalo onse a zigaŵenga panthaŵi imodzi. M’dongosolo lino, wovota mmodzi amalandira chisankho chimodzi chimene chimandandandandandanda ya obatizidwa kuchokera ku zipani zonse, ndipo angavotere kwa wofunsira aliyense m'fuko lililonse, mosasamala kanthu za chipani. Izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito ku California kufikira Khoti Lapamwamba litaiwononga mu 2000 (California Democratic Party v. Jones) pa maziko akuti inaswa ufulu wa magulu oyambirira wa ufulu wa gulu. Lerolino, maboo otsekera sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapepala onse, koma chotchedwa "Pamwamba-ŵiri" aloŵa mmalo awo m'zigawo zina.

Malo apamwamba - aŵiri (Nonpartan)

Pansi pa njira yoyamba yoyambirira yoyambirira yokwana ziŵiri, onse oyembekezera kubatizidwa . Ochirikiza ake amatsutsa kuti imalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kukakamiza anthu kulowa m’chigawo chachikulu cha ovota, ndipo ingachititse masankho aŵiri ochokera ku gulu limodzi, amene ena amaona kuti ndi njira yopitira ku California, Washington, ndi Nebraska (amene sakukhala maofesi a partistan). Ochirikiza ake amatsutsa kuti imalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kulinganiza kochitidwa ndi ofunsira ku mtanda waukulu wa ovota, ndi kuti ikhoza kupanga masankho aŵiri otsa otsatapo aŵiri kuchokera ku gulu lomwelo, amene ena amawona monga njira yopitira ku gript . Otsutsa amanena kuti ikhoza kuchotsa magulu atatu ndi kuchepetsa kusankha. Kufufuza, kwatsatanetsatane kowonjezereka, [FLT: BBBBBS]

Kusintha Zinthu Kochititsa Chidwi kwa Mitundu Yoyambirira ya Zovala Zokongola ndi Zopanga

Kufufuza pa ziyambukiro za malamulo aakulu kumavumbula njira zofunika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa FWS samasonyeza kuti magawo okhala ndi mapulogalamu otseguka kapena oyandikana pang'ono akusonyeza kuti mapulogalamu otseguka amatulutsabe ofufuza kwambiri kuposa aja okhala ndi mapringitala otsekedwa, makamaka pakati pa osankhidwa achinyamata ndi odziimira okha. Komabe, kutembenuka kwakukulu sikumasintha kwenikweni ndi zotulukapo zoyenerera. [FOLT:] Mapendedwe ena akusonyeza kuti mapulogalamu angatulutsebebe ngati woimirayo ali ndi ufulu waukulu. Mosiyana, kaŵirikaŵiri, ma Prinsing’onong’ono kwambiri chifukwa chakuti osankhidwawonjezedwawo ali aang'ono kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti palinso kuganiza kosiyana kwa anthu ena. Madokota ogwirizana ndi mfundo zandale, amagwirizana ndi kuganiza.

Kumaliza

Mtundu woyamba wa boma limene limagwiritsira ntchito ndi wosiyana ndi tsatanetsatane waung'ono; ndi chosankha chachikulu chimene chimapanga mkhalidwe wa kuimira kwa demokrase. Kutsegulira maprimime amawonjezera kutengamo mbali ndi kuphatikizidwa ndi kuikidwa m'kachitidwe kapadera ndi kusungunulidwa. Mapringgeti otsenderezedwa amatetezera gulu la osankhidwa koma osasankha okha ndipo angasiya kutulutsa projectiveation. Kusintha kwa masurectivation kumapereka njira yapakati imene imalinganiza malondawa ndi kuchotsapo. Mafano ena, monga ngati apamwamba-masterimmagency, amayesa kupyola mpangidwe wa maluwa apadera. Kwa Rehobita, kumvetsetsa kumeneku ndiko njira yoyamba yopititsa patsogolo njira yoyendera ndi miyezo yawo. Pamene osankhidwawongopanga mapulogalamu adziko akukula kukhala ovuta kwambiri, malamulo aakulu okha.

[[FLT : 0] kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, fufuzani [[FLT: 1]NCL kujambula kwa mitundu yaikulu ndi Kusanthula kwa American Propect kwa kusintha kwakukulu.