Maziko a Mbiri Yakale a Chipwirikiti cha Zandale Zadziko cha Japan

Chipani chamakono cha Japan chinatulukira pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, yopangidwa ndi Agulu Ogwirizana ndi 1947 Constitution. Zaka zoyambirira za pambuyo pa nkhondo zinaona pulogalamu yachikhalidwe: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) [FLP] [FLP]] yopangidwa mu 1955 monga kuphatikiza magulu aŵiri osunga mwambo, pamene kutsala kwa msasa kunagwa kokhala ndi kuwonongeka [[FLT:] chipani cha Nazi cha chipani cha Nazi (JFLT). Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, LDP inalamulira ndale zadziko, ndi JSP yothandiza monga chidani chachikulu. DPPNSP. Njikitso zamakonozo zandale zandale za dziko lapansi zinabweretsa kuthamakedwa kwenikweni, ndi kuthawa kwa zipani zatsopano zonga za [DFF:] za chivomezi chamakono [DFF] (DF.DF]).

Mosiyana ndi mademokrase ambiri a kumadzulo, mapepala a maganizo a Japan sagwirizana ndendende ndi zachuma kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo, LDP ndi yosasinthasintha kwambiri koma yayang'anira ntchito za anthu onse ndi ndalama zothandizira ulimi. Pakali pano, magawo a anthu a kumanzere achirikiza kale mtendere ndi ufulu wa antchito komanso angakhalenso ogwirizana ndi malamulo pankhani zachuma. Kuvuta kumeneku kumapangitsa kupenda kochititsa chidwi ndi kofunika.

Mapwando Aakulu Ochokera Kumanzere: Chikhalidwe ndi Chizindikiritso

Constional Democratic Party ya Japan (CDP) ndilo gulu lalikulu kwambiri lakumanzere-kutsutsa, lopangidwa mu 2017 kuchokera ku kuphatikiza magulu angapo ndi kubwerera m’tsogolo. Pulogalamu yake imagogomezera chilungamo cha kakhalidwe, chitetezo cha malo okhala, ndi kumamatira ku Lamulo la Opaleshoni ya Japan. CDP imatsutsa LDP kukakamiza kukonzanso Chigawo 9, chimene chimakana nkhondo ndi kuletsa “kuthekera kwa nkhondo. Mmalomwake, CDP imachirikiza“ kukhazikitsa mtendere kochititsa mantha ” kumene kumasumika pa “kukambitsirana za malamulo, chitukuko, chithandizo, chitukuko, ndi kugwirizana ndi kugwirizana kwa maiko ambiri.

Kukhalira Pamalo Okhala ndi Anthu Ndiponso Kupenda Ufulu Wawo

Japan imayang'anizana ndi anthu okalamba ndi kuchepa kwa antchito. Ochokera kumayiko ena akupereka lingaliro la kuwonjezera makoka a chitetezo cha anthu, kuphatikizapo ndalama zopuma pantchito, kusamalira ana padziko lonse, ndi kuchirikiza osamala ana. CDP yakhala ikulimbikitsa kukweza msonkho wogwiritsidwa ntchito modekha kusiyana ndi LDP ndipo mmalo mwake kulipira chuma ndi phindu la makampani. Iwo amachirikizanso malamulo ochepetsa kukwera kwa ndalama zopezedwa, monga kuwonjezera malipiro ochepera ndi kulimbikitsa ufulu wa bungwe wofuna kuwonjezera ufulu wa anthu.

Lamulo la Malo Okhala ndi Magetsi

Pambuyo pa tsoka la 2011 Fukushima, maphwando onyamula anthu otsala, akhala ochirikiza mawu kuti asinthe mphamvu zotha kusintha mwamsanga ndi kuchotsa mphamvu ya nyukiliya. CDP imachirikiza chida cha magetsi okonzedwanso 100% pofika 2050 ndi kuwonjezera malamulo a mafuta otsalira. Amakakamizanso Japan kuti atenge kaimidwe kamphamvu kwambiri m'mapangano a nyengo zapadziko lonse, kusiyana ndi njira ya KLDP yochenjera kwambiri, ya malonda yoyendera.

Lamulo la Kunja ndi Kutetezera

Magulu a omanzere onyamula anthu ambiri amasunga kaimidwe kankhondo kapena koletsa kudzitetezera. Amatsutsa kupeza maluso oukira ndi kutsutsa kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama zankhondo za Japan. CDP yasonyeza kukayikira kwa mgwirizano womakulakula wa nkhondo ndi ochirikiza lamulo lachilendo lolinganiza unansi ndi United States ndi China. Komabe, pali magulu ena andale zadziko ochirikiza kulimba kwa malamulo a U.

Mapwando Ena Opita Kumbuyo kwa Oledzera

[[NTL:0] Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha ku Japan (JCP) ndi chipani chaching'ono koma chosonkhezera chamanzere ndi mbiri yaitali. Chichilikizo cha socialism, kukhazikitsa mtendere, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa U.S. Japan Security Party Treaty . JPP yafewetsa malo ena m’zaka zaposachedwapa kukulitsa chisonkhezero chake, koma imakhalabe yamphamvu yosasinthasinthasintha. [[FLT:] Democratic Party (SDP) [FLT: 3], kamodzi], JSP, tsopano imachita chisonkhezero chapamwamba koma imasonyezabe makhalidwe a chikhalidwe. Kuphatikizapo [FL:]

Mapwando Aakulu Amanja: Ukwati ndi Chizindikiritso

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) yalamulira Japan kwa nthaŵi zambiri pambuyo pa nkhondo, tsopano pansi pa Nduna Yaikulu Fumio Kisida. LDP ndi mgwirizano wosiyana wochuluka umene umaphatikizapo magulu osiyanasiyana kuyambira pa osunga mwambo kwa atsamunda ndi a dziko. Ziphunzitso zake zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa chuma kudzera m'kusinthasinthasintha ndi malonda aufulu, mgwirizano wamphamvu wa U.S-Japan, ndi mbali yapadziko lonse ya Japan. Gululo limafunanso kukonzanso malamulo a malamulo, makamaka Mfundo 9, kuzindikira moyenerera asilikali a Self-Dense monga asilikali ankhondo.

Lamulo la Zachuma: Kusamalira Mabanja ndi Zinthu Zina Zoposa

Pansi pa yemwe kale anali Nduna Yaikulu Shinzo Abe, LDP inalondola “Abenomics,” njira yamphamvu zitatu yochepetsera ndalama, kulimbikitsa, ndi kukonzanso nyumba. Magulu onyamula anthu kaŵirikaŵiri amachirikiza misonkho ya makampani, kulolera ntchito, ndi mapangano aulere monga CPPP ndi RCEP. Iwo amanena kuti malamulo a kukula kwa maprogramu a anthu popanda kukweza misonkho m'kalasi. Komabe, otsutsa a Abenomics amachirikiza kuchuluka kwa kusalingana kwa makampani ndi kulephera kukonzanso chuma cha kumidzimidzi.

Chisungiko cha Dziko Lonse ndi Chitetezo

Magulu onyamula maatomu a kumanja amalimbikitsa mphamvu zankhondo za Japan, kuphatikizapo kupeza mabomba onyamula mabomba ozungulira ndi onyamula ndege. Iwo amachirikiza kumasuliranso Article 9 kuti alole gulu la anthu kudzitetezera okha, kutheketsa Japan kutetezera anzawo amene akuukiridwa. LDP yawonjezera ndalama zothandizira kuteteza, ikumaika chikole cha 2% ya GDP (sicular ku NATO), ndi kusungitsa mamembala a Intaneti ndi mlengalenga. Unansi ndi United States ndi ikulu, koma ziŵalo zina za LDP zimafunafunanso kugwirizana kwapafupi ndi democracy ndi democticism mu Indo-Pigdential kutsutsana ndi chisonkhezero cha China.

Mfundo za Chikhalidwe ndi Chikhalidwe

Pamene kuli kwakuti LDP siiri yachizoloŵezi monga maphwando ena a kumadzulo oyanja ufulu, kaŵirikaŵiri imapititsa patsogolo makhalidwe abanja ndi njira ya kusamala za kusintha kwa kakhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, LDP yachedwa kuvomereza kulingana kwa ukwati kapena njira ya dzina lapadera kwa okwatirana. Opanga malamulo ena oyenerera amapita ku Yasukuni Shrine , imene imalemekeza nkhondo yakufa ndipo imatsutsana ku East Asia. Gululo limagogomezeranso “Chijapanishi" ndi kukonda dziko la dziko la yunivesite, ngakhale kuti izi n’zophiphiritsira kwambiri kuposa dalala wamkulu.

Mnzanga Wothandiza Kupanga Malo: Komeito

LDP imalamulira mogwirizana ndi Khomeito , chipani chachrint chozikidwa m'gulu la chiBuddha Soka Gakai. Komeito amasumika pa ubwino, kuchirikiza kwa mabizinesi, ndi malamulo achilendo ocheperapo. Pamene kuli kwakuti siigwirizana ndi LDP pa nkhani zachuma ndi zachitetezo, kaŵirikaŵiri imachepetsa zikhumbo za dziko za PLDP. Komeito imatsutsa kukonzanso kwa malamulo ndi kuchirikiza zothetsa zosakhala zankhondo, kupanga mizere yosangalatsa ya zolakwa mkati mwa malamulo.

Mphamvu Zina Zoyesa Kuyenera

[[FLT: 0] Nippon Ishin (Chipani cha Japan Innovation) ndi chipani cholondola, chokonzanso chozikidwa ku Osaka. Imalimbikitsa kusintha kwa zachuma kwa nthanthi, kuchotsa, ndi lamulo lachilendo. Nippon Isphin Ishin achilikizanso dongosolo la magawo aŵiri ndi liwongo la chigawo chachikulu. Kutchuka kwawo kwakula m'zaka zaposachedwapa, makamaka pakati pa anthu a m’tauni ogwiritsidwa mwalakwiyitsidwa ndi KLDP. [[FLT:] Democracy Covation ya anthu (DPP) [FFFFFF:] kumakhala pakati pa ukulu wa pakati, woyanja ndi wosamala. Kachiniopera wofanana ndi gulu la dziko lonse. Kapolotenti: [12]

Kuyerekezera Malo Omwe Zinthu Zilipo ndi Nkhani Zazikulu

Kupenda Malamulo

Kumanzere (CDP , JCP) imatsutsa mwamphamvu kukhazikitsa Mfundo 9, ikutsutsa kuti kuletsa nkhondo kwathandiza kwambiri Japan ndi kuti kusintha kulikonse kungaloŵe m'nkhondo zachilendo. Kumanja (LDP, Nippon Ishin) kumawona kukonzedwanso kukhala kofunika kuvomereza Magulu a Unefense ndi kutheketsa kukhala otetezereka kwambiri. Komeito atenga malo apakati, kutsegulira chinenero chonena za SDF koma osachotsapo chiganizo cha nkhondo.

Lamulo la Ndalama ndi Msonkho

Magulu a oyendetsa omanzere amakonda msonkho wopita patsogolo, misonkho ya makampani, ndi kukwera kwa ndalama zogulira ubwino wa anthu. Magulu a anthu oyenerera amakonda misonkho yotsika, kuchepetsa malamulo, ndi kukhazikitsa ndalama — ngakhale kuti LDP yazengereza mobwerezabwereza kutsatsa kukwera kwa msonkho chifukwa cha kukakamiza kwa ndale zadziko. CDP yapereka “msonkho wachuma” pa kubweretsa anthu ndi chuma chapamwamba, pamene kuli kwakuti LDP imadalira pa kukula kwa kuchepetsa liwongo la kukwera kwa ngongole ndi ku DP.

Mphamvu ndi Nyengo

Kumanzere kutsendereza kaamba ka kufulumira kwa mphamvu ya nyukliya ndi ntchito yatsopano yobiriŵira; kuyenera kumachirikiza kusakaniza mphamvu ya “kutsimikizirika kwa". imene imaphatikizapo nyukiliya, gasi, ndi zobwezeretsedwanso, ndi kusumika maganizo pa chisungiko cha magetsi ndi mpikisano wa zachuma. LDP’Growing Strategy 2021 ikhazikitsa chikole cha 2050 - neutical colinga cha carbon koma imadalira kwambiri pa hydrogen, ammonia, ndi tekinoloji yokopa imene ofufuza Baibulo amati ikhoza kupambana m’kupita kwa nthaŵi.

Mfundo Zokhudza Anthu

Paufanano wa mwamuna ndi mkazi, ukwati wa kugonana kofanana, ndi kusankha, mamembala akumanja amakedzana amasintha kwambiri. CDP imachirikiza kulingana kwa ukwati ndi mayina aŵiri aulemu; LDP imagaŵikana koma kaŵirikaŵiri imasiyana. Magulu ochirikiza mwambo wa banja kaŵirikaŵiri amatsutsa kuti mabanja ayenera kusungidwa, ngakhale kuti ziŵalo zachinyamata za LDP zimafuna kusintha.

Lamulo la Mayiko Ena ndi la Majeopolitics

Misasa yonse iŵiri imachirikiza mgwirizano wa U.S.-Japani , koma ndi ma amphases osiyanasiyana. Kumanzere kumagogomezera mbali ya mgwirizanowo m'chisungiko cha chigawo ndi zopereka za Japan zosakhala zankhondo; kumanja kumawona kukhala maziko a nkhondo yamphamvu ndi chigawo. Magulu a oyenda kumanzere ali ofunitsitsa kwambiri kuchita nawo pangano ndi China ndi North Korea; magulu onyamula dzanja lamanja atenga mzera wolimba, makamaka pa mikangano ya dziko (Senkaku/ Dioyu Islands) ndi zoyenera za anthu.

Maziko a Malo Opangira Malo Okongola a Electoral

LDP imachirikizidwa kwambiri ndi ovota akale, midzi yakumidzi, ndi zikondwerero za malonda. Mphamvu yake ya gulu, kuphatikizapo kuchirikiza kwa ogwirizana ndi alimi ndi makampani omanga, imaipatsa ilo maseŵera a m'nthambi owopsa. Mosiyana, CDP imapeza chichirikizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri a m’mizinda, ovota achichepere, maukwati a antchito (makamaka a anthu onse), ndi akazi. JCP ili ndi maziko odalirika pakati pa akatswiri ndi ochirikiza ntchito zaulimi, pamene Nipton Ishin achonderera kwa akatswiri okonza zinthu a m’tauni ndi eni mabizinesi aang'ono.

M’makampani a CDP ndi JCP nthaŵi zina amagwirizana kuti apeŵe kugawa chivoti cholimbana ndi LDP, koma kusiyana maganizo kumalepheretsa anthu kuvomerezana.

Chisankho chaposachedwapa chikusonyeza kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono koma kwenikweni. M'chosankha chachikulu cha 2021, LDP inasunga mipando yake, koma CDP inalandira mipando. Nyumba 2022 ya Councils inayang'ana chisankho cha LDP-Komeito chitathandiza anthu ake ambiri, pamene Nipton Ishin anachitapo kanthu kena, kudziika kukhala wopanga mfumu. Voti ya kumanzere imakhala yotchuka m’mizinda ndi pakati pa magulu aang'ono, koma anthu sagwirizana nawo: Ovota achikulire ndi osunga m'maudindo ambiri.

Chiyambukiro pa Kupanga Malamulo a ku Japan

LDP ikufuna kutsogolera kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti malingaliro otsata bwino apange njira zambiri. Kuwononga ndalama zotetezera kwawonjezeka, kumasuliranso kwa malamulo kwalola gulu lonse kudziimira lokha, ndipo malamulo a zachuma amakhalabe oyambitsidwa. Komabe, LDP ikufuna kusunga mgwirizano ndi Komeito ndi kuyang'anira magulu a m’kati mwa dziko kumatanthauza kuti malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala owonjezera mmalo mwa kusintha zinthu. Kutsutsa kwa kumanzere, pamene kuli kwakuti kulibe kwamphamvu, kungachedwetse mikangano ya onse ndi kuchedwa kapena kuwongolera zikalata zalamulo mwa kufufuza ndi kusonkhezera manyuzipepala.

Mwachitsanzo, CDP inapititsa patsogolo chipambano kaamba ka chithandizo cha ana chowonjezereka ndi lamulo loletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kugonana ndi thanzi la mwamuna ndi mkazi — madera onse aŵiri amene LDP inali yozengereza. Pamphamvu, chitsutso cha anthu ku mphamvu ya nyukliya pambuyo pa Fukushima chinakakamiza OpDP kukhala ndi chiyambi chapang'onopang'ono, mosasamala kanthu za chitsenderezo cha maindasitale. Pa kusuliza kowonjezereka, kunathandizira boma kugogomezera “kulimbana kwa mtendere” intectic , ngakhalenso luso lokulira.

Zimene Zimachititsa Kuti Azivutika Kudziyerekezera ndi Mayiko Ena

Magulu ambiri onyamula anthu a ku Japan amaika ubwino, kulingana ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo apamwamba a maufumu. Mofanana ndi mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, magawo ambiri a kumanzere ku Japan amaika ubwino, kufanana, ndi malo okhala; maphwando akumanja amalimbikitsa chitetezo, mwambo, ndi kuchuluka. Komabe, malamulo apamwamba a dziko la Japan ndi mkhalidwe wapadera (ogwirizana ndi maulamuliro a U.S., otsutsana ndi China, pafupi ndi North Korea) amagaŵa kumanja kwake kukongola kwake. Mosiyana ndi U.S.

Maboma apadera a China ndi mavuto a ku North Korea achititsa kuti anthu onyamula katundu ayambe kukonzekera kuteteza dziko lawo, ndipo zimenezi zathandiza anthu oyendetsa malo oyenera. Pakali pano, zochitika zapadziko lonse monga vuto la nyengo ndi kusalingana kwa anthu kuwonjezeka kwa kutumiza mauthenga kumanzere. Anthu okalamba a ku Japan amayambitsa malo ofanana: ponse paŵiri kumanzere ndi kumanja amavomereza kufunika kwa kusintha kwa ntchito zapansipo ndi kusungidwa kwa ndalama, ngakhale kuti amasiyana pa tsatanetsatane.

Kuwona Zamtsogolo

Kugwira mphamvu kwa LDP sikungathetse mwamsanga, koma kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi makhalidwe a anthu ovota kungasinthe malo. Magulu a anthu ang'onoang'ono monga Nipton Isphin amakayikira kwambiri za mphamvu ya nyukiliya, komanso kulimba kwambiri ponena za chisungiko. Ngati CDP ingathe kugwirizanitsa chitsutso ndi kupereka njira ina yodalirika, ingatokose mphamvu ya LDP. Komabe, kukwera kwa magulu a anthu a PP. Magulu a anthu a ku United States monga Nipton Ishin kumasokoneza chithunzicho — imavota kuchokera ku zonse ziŵiri LDP ndi CDP.

Kukonzanso kwa malamulo kudakalibe nkhondo yaikulu. Ngati LDP ipeza kuti anthu aŵiri chitatu m'nyumba zonse ziŵiri (ndi chichirikizo cha mabwenzi ndi zipani zofanana ndi amaganizo), mendulo pa Mfundo 9 ikhoza kupambana. Potss imasonyeza kuchirikiza kwa anthu kosiyana — ambiri a ku Japan amavomereza SDF kukhala yovomerezeka koma amachenjera ndi kuchirikiza kokwanira. Kukonzanso kwachipambano kungawonjezeketsa mkangano wa kumanzere wa ku Japan kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Mavuto azachuma — ngongole, kutsika kwa mitengo, kuchuluka kwa anthu , adzapitirizabe kuyesa misasa yonse iŵiri. Njira yoyamba ya LDP imakhala ndi malonda; njira ya CDP yopereka choyamba ingayang'anizane ndi kulephera kwa zinthu. Lamulo la zanyengo, kusintha kwa masamu, ndi kusintha kwa ntchito kudzakhala ndi mbali zatsopano za mkangano. Potsirizira pake, mtsogolo mwa ndale zadziko ya Japan mudzagamulidwa ndi mmene mbali iriyonse idzayankhira funso lalikulu: mmene angalinganizirire chisungiko, chitukuko, ndi kulinganiza bwino m'dziko losintha mofulumira.

Kumaliza Kumvetsetsa Kugaŵanika kwa Zandale za Japan

Magulu akumanja ndi kumanja ku Japan amapereka masomphenya osiyana a njira ya dziko kupita patsogolo. Magulu akumanja a mtendere, chilungamo cha anthu, ndi uyang'aniro wa malo okhala; kuyenera kumaika malo oyamba a chisungiko, kuwonjezereka kwa chuma, ndi makhalidwe a mwambo. Magulu onsewo samakhala ndi mbali imodzi, ndipo kusiyanasiyana kwa m’dziko kumachititsa mikangano yapamwamba. Kwa ophunzira, aphunzitsi, ndi openyerera, kupenda kusiyana kumeneku kumapereka chidziŵitso osati kokha m’ndale zadziko za Japan komanso m'mphamvu zazikulu za magulu a democracy amene akuyang'anizana ndi mavuto ofananawo.

Mwa kuphunzira nkhani za mbiri yakale, zipani zazikulu, ndi malo alamulo olongosoledwa pamwambapa, munthu angamvetsetse bwino lomwe zotulukapo za masankho, zosankha za boma, ndi zigwirizano za ndale zadziko zimene zidzaumba mbali ya Japan m’zaka za zana la 21. Pamene Japan akuyendetsa mkhalidwe wosatsimikizirika wa zandale zadziko ndi zachuma, kuphatikizidwa kwa mphamvu za kumanja ndi zolungama kudzakhala nkhani yaikulu.

Kuŵerenga Kowonjezereka ndi Magwero