Table of Contents
Chiyambi: Kukwera kwa Makina Odzisankhira m’Zosankha za U.S
Ofuna kudzisankhira akhala akukhala mbali yaikulu ya ndale zadziko za ku America, koma mbali yawo m'masukulu ndi masankho a anthu onse yakulakula kukhala yovuta ndi yotsatira. Pamene wovotayo sakusangalala ndi zipani ziŵiri zazikulu afikira pa kukwera kwa mbiri yakale . Gallup akufufuza mokhazikika amasonyeza kuti oposa 40% a Aamereka amazindikira kukhala odziimira pawokha. Chisonkhezero cha oyembekezera kulowa pa gulu chimafuna kufufuzidwa kwambiri. Ofuna kupenda zinthu zonse kuchokera ku mphamvu zazikulu kufikira ku zotulukapo za ku kusankha, kaŵirikaŵiri amachita monga ofunkha, kapena zotsa zoloŵa m’malo enieni kaamba ka machitachita pulogalamu yosiyana ndi osankhidwa. Kumvetsetsa mmene zigwirizanira pakati pa dongosolo losankhidwa la osankhidwa ndondomeko yamakono nkofunika kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi aliyense wofunafuna chithunzi cha democracy.
Ofuna kudziimira okha si gulu la anthu. Amasiyana kuyambira kwa moyo wonse ndi anthu omenyera udzu ndi anthu olemera amene amanyalanyaza zipani zamwambo. Zisonkhezero zawo zimasiyanasiyana: ena amafuna kupititsa patsogolo nkhani imodzi, ena amafunitsitsa kusokoneza magawo aŵiri otchuka, ndipo angapo ali ndi chiyembekezo chenicheni cha kupata malo. Nkhaniyi imawonjezera kupendedwa kwa zinthu mwakupyoza m'nkhani zenizeni za padziko lapansi, kusokonezeka kwa masamu, kusokoneza zinthu, ndi kuyambitsa kwa zochitika zimene zimapanga munthu woloŵa ntchitoyo m'ma Prim ndi masankhoti onse.
Kumvetsetsa Zomwe Akufuna Kudziimira: Kufotokoza ndi Kusiyanitsa
Wosankha wodziimira yekha amafotokozedwa ndi kusagwirizana ndi chipani chachikulu cha ndale. Komabe, matanthauzo osavuta amenewo amasinthasintha kwambiri. Ena alibe malo okhala mwachibadwa . Anthu amene amapeza kuti gulu la Democratic Party lachiŵirilist ndi Clicentrist kapena opatuka ndi GOP. Ena ndi ogwirizana ndi gulu. Ena amakhulupirira kuti madongosolo a gulu amalepheretsa kulamulira kothandiza. Osankhidwa odziimira okha (monga ngati a Libertarian kapena magulu a Green) amene angaoneke pa gulu lopanda chizindikiro cha gulu linalake, koma amayenderanabe ndi gulu la anthu. Chifukwa cha kumasulira, nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za [FLT:] zodziimira paokha. [FLT: 1] [12:]
Makhalidwe ndi Zosonkhezera Zofanana
Ngakhale kuti aliyense wotenga mimba ali wosiyana ndi mnzake, anthu amene amapikisana ndi munthu wina amakhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana:
- [[FLT :0] Non-partishani monga mfundo yogulitsa: [[FLT :1] Iwo kaŵirikaŵiri amagula iwo eni kukhala omasuka ku chilango cha pa parti, okhoza kuvota mozikidwa pa chikumbumtima kapena zifuno mmalo mwa ziŵerengero za mkwapulo. Kuchonderera kwa ovotera otopa ndi kutsekedwa kwa pulojeti.
- Mapulatifomu apakati: ambiri amasumika maganizo kwambiri pa mutu umodzi kapena iŵiri [1] Campaign ya ndalama ya kusintha, kachitidwe ka malo okhala, kapena thayo la zachuma [1] nthaŵi zina kuchotsa mapulatifomu a gulu lalikulu.
- Grasroots ndi ndalama zothandizira anthu: Popanda maziko a zipani, odziimira amadalira kwambiri pa zopereka za madellar, makampani odzifunira, ndi makampani opanga manyuzi a anthu. Kupambana kwa Bernie Sanders (amene anayendera monga Democrat koma modziimira) kumasonyeza mmene mphamvu ya udzu ingatembenuzire kukhala mphamvu yopereka ndalama.
- Zopinga zodziŵidwa za dzina lapamwamba kwambiri: Odziimira samasangalala ndi kuulutsidwa kwa wailesi kwa oulutsa nkhani kumene gulu la a m'gulu latenga, kuwakakamiza kupikisana ndi mavairasi, makambitsirano, kapena kupikisana kwamphamvu.
Kutchuka kwa kumaloko kungathetse kusoŵa kwa chipani, koma m’dziko lonse kapena m’mafuko a dzikolo mumakhala mavuto aakulu.
Kusintha kwa Upandu kwa Anthu Odziimira pawokha
Masankho aakulu kwenikweni ndi a ziŵalo za chipani zimene zimasankha wotsogolera wawo. Komabe odziimira angasinthe motsimikizirika mipikisano yapansipansi imeneyi, makamaka m'maboma okhala ndi maprinsishoni otseguka kapena otseguka pang'ono kumene ovota safunikira kulembetsa ndi chipani. M'madongosolo otero, ovota odziimira okha angawoloke ndi kuvota mwa mbali yaikulu ya chipani chilichonse, mwachibadwa kupatsa chiwonjezeko kwa oyembekezera kutsogolo.
Kulephera Kugwirizana ndi Gulu Limene Lili ndi Zomwe Limagaŵanika
Pamene wosankhayo aloŵa m'chosankha chachikulu , kaŵirikaŵiri mwa kulengeza monga Democrat kapena Republican kwa utali wa fukolo . Chitsanzo chapadera ndicho Doug Jones [1] 2017] chisankho chapadera cha nyumba yapadera ku Alabama, kumene kukhalapo kwa wofunsira wodalirika (kuyesayesa kwa Sen. Luther Strange?, chimenecho chinali choyambirira cha GOP) kuchotsa mphamvu. Koma mlandu waukulu ndiwo chisankho chapadera cha 2022, kumene kuli chisankho chapadera [[FLT:] A Gross[FFFF:3] adathamanga monga Demo - acracrank ndi kuyambukiridwa ndi kuvota kwa chigawo chakutali cha Nationalchocroff, ogwirizana ndi kugobowa kwapadera, ogwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa mavoti, pokambirana.
Kugaŵanika ndiko chiwopsezo chachindunji kwambiri. Pa kuchuluka kwa anthu, wofunsira wodziimira yekha wokhala ndi 5-10% angaletse aliyense wofunsira wa gulu limodzi kufika kwa ambiri, kuchititsa kutha kwa gulu, kapena kulola wopambana wochuluka ndi kuchirikiza pang’ono. 2020 Democratic anawonapo mitu yambiri "opanda pake" (monga Andrew Yang ndi Tulsi Gabbard) amene anathamanga monga Democrates koma ali ndi malo kunja kwa gululo, akumagaŵanitsa voti yotsutsa Biden.
Kufufuza za Kudziimira pa Okha M’maulendo
- [[FLT: 0] Bernie Sanders (206 & 2020): Ngakhale kuti Sanders anali kuthamanga monga Democrat, mbiri yake monga ngati kujambula kwake kodziimira. Zosonyeza zake zolimba m'maboma oyambirira zinasonyeza mmene osankha odziimira paokha angaloŵerere ku Democratic ndi kusonkhezera gululo kutsata pa nkhani zonga zaumoyo ndi koleji.
- Josse Ventura (1998 Minnesota Gubernatoral): Ventura adapambana chisankho monga chodziimira pambuyo poyendetsa poyamba ? Kwenikweni, dongosolo la Minnesota siliparteraniya kwa kazembe . Palibe choyambirira; malo oyembekezera ndipo kenaka masankho a onse amagwiritsira ntchito malo aakulu apamwamba? Imirira: Ventura anali wotembenuza Chipani cha Reformation komanso wodziimira. Iye anapata 37% wa voti mu mpikisano wa njira zitatu. Njira yake inali yachilendo chifukwa chakuti ananyalanyaza malo oyambirako mwambo.
- Mfumu Angus (Mayini): [ Mfumu, munthu wodziimira yekha, sayang'ana chipani chachikulu koma angayende m'chosankha chachikulu. Komabe, m'dongosolo la Maine lotseguka, kukhalapo kwake kumayambukira mapulaneti onse aŵiri chifukwa chakuti ofufuza amadziŵa kuti munthu wina akudikira mwa onse.
Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti odziimira, ngakhale pamene sali pa pepala lalikulu, amalinganiza njira zopezera mwayi ndi zoyembekezera za wovota.
Ntchito ya Odziimira pawokha M’kusankha
Chisankho chachikulu ndicho mbali imene odziimira paokha angasonkhezere, kaŵirikaŵiri mosemphana ndi mavoti awo. Chowononga ndicho chokambirana chachikulu, koma odziimira okha amabweretsanso malingaliro atsopano ndi kukakamiza ofunikira kugawana kuti akambirane nkhani zonyalanyazidwa.
Kutulutsa Zotulukapo za Chisankho: Mapoicevs v.
Wowonongayo mwachangu amachitika pamene wosankhayo atenga mavoti kwa wobatizidwa mmodzi wamkulu, amene angasinthe wopambanayo. Nkhani zambiri zotchulidwa ndizo Ralph Nader mu 2000, amene mwachidziŵikire anatenga mavoti okwanira kuchokera ku Al Gore ku Florida kupereka kwa George W. Bush, ndi [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FOLT]] [-] [FORT] [FLT] mu 1992, amene anagaŵa chivoti chamwano ndi kuthandiza Bill Clinton kupambana ndi 43% okha a voti yotchuka. Zitsalirapo zinanso [FFFFFF:] [FFFFFF:] [FLT] ndipo osagwirizana ndi mfundo zina. Komabe, iwo angakhoze kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mavoti.
Chiyambukiro pa Kupalasa Maboma ndi Mafuko Oyandikana
M'chisankho cha pulezidenti, Electoral College imakweza mphamvu ya oyembekezera kulowa m'dziko. M'boma amagamulidwa ndi ochepera 1%, wobatizidwa wachitatu ndi 1-2% angaone zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2016, katswiri wa bungwe la Libert Johnson analandira 5.2% ya voti ya ku New Mexico ndi 4.3% ya Otah , ndipo magawo amene analoŵa ku Clinton ndi Trump , koma kukhalapo kwake ku Florida (2.8%) kungangochititsa kuti boma likhale ku Trump. Momwemo, mu 2020, Libertrian ndi Green Crienter , Lofeast , Lofen, ndi Aristone, zonse zinaganiza ndi mipambo yake. Ofen adakhudzidwanso ndi m'mafuko 202222, [FFF1] , "5] , ndi "[4]
Mavuto Amene Anthu Odzilamulira Amakumana Nawo
Zopinga za anthu ofuna kudziimira paokha n’zochuluka ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zimalepheretsa anthu ambiri amene akufuna kulowa m’kalasi ndipo zimatsimikizira kuti ndi mipikisano yotchuka kwambiri.
Kupezeka kwa Ballot: Vuto Lalikulu
Malamulo a kulowa kwa pulezidenti amasiyana kwambiri ndi boma ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amapangidwa kutetezera dongosolo la magawo aŵiri. M’mayiko ambiri, wofunsira ayenera kusonkhanitsa ziŵerengero zambiri za zikalata zopempha m’zenera laifupi, kulipira ndalama zosungira zinthu, ndi kukwaniritsa zofunika za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Texas, pulezidenti wodziimira amafunikira masaini (1%% ya 2016 wovota) ndipo ayenera kutumiza izo miyezi isanasankhe. M'chaka cha 202020, Kanye West analephera kupeza ndalama zolembera m’mabudutswa m’mayiko angapo chifukwa cha zitsutso zimenezi. Ballottedia imasunga [FLT:] wotsogolera [FLT:] [FLT: 1] [1] kusonyeza kuti vutolo likuchokera ku ziyenere zosavuta (ziyezofunika zina za zikwaning'onozing'ono)
Kupereka Zosiyana
Ofuna kulowa m'zipani zambiri amapindula ndi makomiti opereka ndalama, ogwirizana ndi ndalama, ndi ma PAC. Odziimira okha alibe zamoyo zimenezi. Pamene kuli kwakuti iwo angapange ma PAC, kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa dola imodzi chifukwa chakuti alibe wopereka ndalama zopitira kwa zaka zambiri. Malamulo a FEC amalola anthu kupereka ndalama zokwana madola 3,300 pa makomiti ofunsira, koma odziimira paokha samakhala ndi makompyuta awo. Mu 202020, oyembekezera (atsalira mpikisano wopereka ndalama) kuwonjezera avereji ya $1.
Kutchuka ndi Dzina
Zofalitsa nkhani zimabisa mpikisano wa mpikisano, ndipo zodziimira sizimaonedwa kukhala zopikisana msanga. Zimenezi zimachititsa kulira kwamphamvu: kuchepetsako kutanthauza kuŵerengedwa kwa dzina, kumene kumachepetsanso nambala za kupenda, zimene zimachepetsa kukwaniritsa. Zosankha zimachitika pamene wobatizidwa ali ndi malo a kupikisana (m.g., [[FLT: 0]] Kutchuka kwa kuthandizira) kapena pamene miyala yamanyazi ithandiza. Mu 20222, ya kudziimira kwa munthu wina. [FLT:] Johnvl , [FLD:] , koma [[FLT:] [5], [5] [[5] [5]
Kugonjetsa Zopinga: Zopinga Zimene Zimagwira Ntchito
Mosasamala kanthu za zopinga zimenezi, ena odziimira paokha apambana:
- Nyumba ya malamulo: kugwirizana ndi magulu a anthu osagwirizana, maukwati (pamene pali kugwirizana), kapena makampani ofalitsa nkhani angapereke zivomerezo ndi antchito odzifunira.
- Uloza woulutsa nkhani:[FLT :1] Adrew Yang (amene anathamanga monga Democrat koma anapanga njira yodziimira) yogwiritsira ntchito mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti kudutsa wailesi zakanema. "Yang Gang" adamthandiza kuyenerera kutsutsana ndi kukweza mamiliyoni.
- Grasroots projekiti: Kuyendera khomo ndi khomo, zochitika za kumaloko, ndi maholo a tauni ndizo zogwira ntchito koma zogwira mtima m’kumanga chikhulupiriro, makamaka m'mipikisano ya malamulo yakumaloko kapena ya boma.
- Malawsuit ndi kupeputsa: Ena oyembekezera kulowa m'khoti. Mwachitsanzo, magulu a Green ndi Libertarian adazemba chipambano kufeŵetsa zofunika m’maiko angapo.
Chopangira chothandiza ndicho Project yodzidalira ya Voter , imene imasintha zoyesayesa ndi kupereka chitsogozo kwa oyembekezera odziimira okha.
Tsogolo la Maluŵa Odziimira: Kutengeka kwa Zinthu ndi Zochita Zawo
Kusinthasintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi masinthidwe kungachititse kuti anthu azisinthasinthasintha n’kuyamba kuchita masankho m’zaka khumi zotsatira.
Kukula kwa Masiponji Odziimira pawokha
Monga momwe taonera, mbali ya anthu a ku America ozindikira kuti ndi odziimira okha yakwera. M'mayiko ambiri, anthu ambiri tsopano akuposa ovota onse ovomerezeka. Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumeneku kumachititsa kuti anthu onse aŵiri akopedwe ndi malowo, ndipo kumachititsa anthu oyembekezera kulowa m'gululo kukhala ogwirizana ndi anthu. Komabe, ofufuza odziimira paokha nthaŵi zambiri amadalira pa gulu limodzi lomwe limachita ntchitoyo; iwo samakhala omasuka kwenikweni kwa munthu wodzisankhira yekha. Komabe, kukula kwa anthu olembetsa kulembetsa kopanda lamulo kumasonyeza kuti kulakwa kwa kuchotsa gulu la magulu aŵiri odziimira paokha kukufooka.
Electoral Reformations: Lanked-Choice Voling ndi Otsegula Oloŵa Nyumba Zausilikali
Masinthidwe onga osankhidwa kukhala osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa. Zimenezi zimachepetsa chiyambukiro cha kusakaza ndipo zingalimbikitse odziimira paokha ambiri kuti ayendetse. M'madongosolo a RCV, ovota oyembekezera kusankhidwa , ngati palibe munthu amene apambana, womalizira amachotsedwa ndipo mavoti awo asankhidwa. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti osankhawo akhale otetezeka kuti achirikize ufulu wawo woyamba popanda “kudzisankhira. Maine ndi Alaska amagwiritsira ntchito RCV pa masankhoti a boma, ndipo mizinda ingapo yachitengera. Umboni woyambirira kuchokera ku Alaskaskas 20222 (zimene zinagwiritsira ntchito chisankhomo chachikulu choposa chachikulu chotsatidwa ndi RCCC. [FFFFF]
Kupita Patsogolo kwa Luso la Zaluso
Luso la zopangapanga limapanga masewero osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa Intaneti (ii-si siginet) kumapangitsa kuti kulowa m'mayiko kukhale kosavuta. Kutsimikizira kungachepetse nkhaŵa za chinyengo. Makampani a zamalonda amalola wovota popanda kutsatsa malonda, ndipo mapulatifomu otsatsa malonda monga Collempac kapena Kickstarter agwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamalonda. Komabe, luso lomweli limalolanso kuti anthu ambiri ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu amakono osankhidwa ndi anthu ongosankha.
Kukhoza Kukula: Kuwonjezera Kutentha kwa Malaŵi
Sizochitika zonse zabwino. Ngati kugawana kwa ndale kukuipiraipira, ovota angasiye timu yawo ndi kuchirikiza gulu lodziimira. Ofuna kusankhidwa angakumanenso ndi ziukiro zamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera ku makina a zipani. M’mayiko ena, magulu aakulu apempha mwachipambano kuchotsa mapangano odziimira pawokha kapena kukakamiza malamulo a kulowa m'mabungwe a chipani. 2022 "Disqualiation Commission" m'maiko osiyanasiyana ofuna kuletsa oseŵera achitatu a mpira.
Kumaliza: Tanthauzo Lokhalitsa la Odziimira
Ofuna kudzisankhira amakhala ndi malo apadera ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri osafunika m'masankho a ku America. Iwo angasokoneze mafuko aakulu, kulinganiza masankho apamwamba, ndi kukakamiza anthu kuti athetse nkhani zonyalanyazidwa. Mavuto awo / kupezeka kwawo, kuthandizira, kukondera, kukondera kwa anyuzi, koma osati osagonjetseka. Pamene kusakhulupirira magawa a magawo akukula ndi kusintha kofanana ndi kusanthula kwa malo apadera, windo la ofunsira ufulu wa anthu angakulitse. Kuzindikira kuti ntchito yawo si ntchito yamaphunziro chabe; nkofunika kwa aliyense amene amakhulupirira kuti demokrase yatha yathanzika imafunikira mawu ambiri ndi mpikisano weniweni. Ngati opasula, ma ma nyumwino enieni, odziimira, adzapitirizabe kusonkhezera masankhiwolo a US.