Kupangidwa kwa Ulamuliro wa Amereka

Boma la United States limagwira ntchito pansi pa dongosolo locholoŵana la malamulo limene limagaŵira ulamuliro m’magulu osiyanasiyana, milingo, ndi mafilimu. Makonzedwe ameneŵa analinganizidwa mwadala mu 1787 kuletsa kusumika kwa mphamvu pamene akutheketsa utsogoleri wa dziko kukhala wogwira ntchito. Kwa ophunzira, aphunzitsi, ndi nzika zoikizidwa, kuzindikira dongosolo limeneli nkofunika kuti amvetse mmene malamulo amapangira, mmene malamulo amagwirira ntchito, ndi mmene ufulu wa munthu aliyense umatetezedwera.

Malamulo a U.S. amatumikira monga lamulo lalikulu la dzikolo, kukhazikitsa malamulo ofunika amene amatsogolera ntchito zonse za boma. Imapanga lipabuliki kumene akuluakulu osankhidwa amaimira anthu, imakhazikitsa ufulu wa munthu aliyense kupyolera mwa Bill of Rights, ndi kupereka njira zosinthira ndi kusintha kwa nthaŵi. Dongosolo limene linatuluka kuchokera ku Constitution of Constitution ku Philadelphia lolinganiza zolinga zopikisana: maboma aakulu otsutsana ndi maboma aang'ono, ulamuliro wa boma lotsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa boma, ndi ulamuliro wambiri wotsutsana ndi ufulu waung’ono.

Kuzindikira mbali yolamulira imeneyi chifukwa chakuti imakhudza mwachindunji mbali iriyonse ya moyo wa Amereka — kuyambira pa mkhalidwe wa misewu ndi masukulu kufikira ku chisungiko cha dziko ndi kayendetsedwe ka chuma. Pamene nzika zimvetsetsa mmene boma lawo limagwirira ntchito, zingatengemo mbali mokhutiritsa m’dongosolo la demokrase, zimasunga akuluakulu a boma kukhala ndi mlandu, ndi kuchirikiza kusintha kwatanthauzo.

Nthambi Zitatu za Boma

Boma la United States lagaŵidwa m'nthambi zitatu zolingana: Legislative, Guide, ndi Juji. Kulekanitsa kumeneku kwa maulamuliro kumatsimikizira kuti palibe gulu limodzi limene lingalamulire lina. Nthambi iliyonse ili ndi mathayo alamulo osiyana, ndipo iriyonse ingayang'anizane mphamvu ya maulamuliro aŵiriwo. Dongosolo lino la ulamuliro wogawidwa ndilo maziko a democracy ya Amereka ya democracy.

Nthambi Yolamulira Malamulo

Malamulo a Branch, okhazikitsidwa ndi Mfundo I ya Malamulo, ali ndi thayo la kupanga malamulo a boma. Ilo liri ndi zipinda ziŵiri zomwe pamodzi zimapanga United States Congress. Mabungwe a bimameral ameneŵa anali kulolerana pakati pa maiko aakulu, omwe anafuna kuimira anthu, ndi maboma aang’ono, omwe anafuna kuimira mofanana.

  • Nyumba ya Oimira: chipinda chapansi chili ndi ziŵalo 435 zovota zimene mipando yake imagawidwa pakati pa maiko ozikidwa pa anthu ogwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu cha deculture . Woimira aliyense amatumikira zaka ziŵiri, kupanga Nyumba kukhala chipinda chovomerezeka mwachindunji ndi malingaliro a anthu. Oimira ayenera kukhala ndi zaka 25, nzika ya U.S. kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri, ndi nzika ya boma imene amaimira. Nyumbayo ili ndi mphamvu yokha yoyambitsa ndalama ndi kutumiza akuluakulu a boma, kuphatikizapo Pulezidenti.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kuti apereke matanthauzo a zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi za zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo mwini dziko aima. Nyumba ya malamulo imakhala ndi mphamvu yokha yotsimikizira kugamula kwa prezidenti ndi mapangano, kugaŵira mapangano aŵiri - [1]

Nyumba ya malamulo yandandalitsidwa mu Mfundo I, Chigawo 8, kuphatikizapo mphamvu ya kukhoma msonkho, kubwereka ndalama, kuyendetsa malonda a mayiko, kuyambitsa nkhondo, kukweza ndi kuchirikiza, ndi kukhazikitsa mamaofesi a paapost Claus. Bungwe la Idict ndi Seant Claus, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Elastic Claus, limapatsa Malamulo ofunikira kukhazikitsa mphamvu zake zotchulidwa, zimene zimatheketsa kusintha kwa mikhalidwe.

Dongosolo la malamulo limayamba pamene chiŵalo chachiŵalo chiyambitsa lamulo m'mbali zonse ziŵiri. Lamulolo limayendera komiti, kutsutsana pansi, ndi kuvota. Kuti lamulo likhale lamulo, liyenera kupitirira zipinda zonse ziŵiri mu mtundu wofanana ndi ndi kusainidwa ndi Pulezidenti. Ngati Pulezidenti atulutsa lamulo, Nyumba ya Malamulo ingachotse chivoti cha mavoti aŵiri m’nyumba zonse ziŵiri.

Nthambi Yotsogolera

Nthambi Yoyang’anira, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Mfundo II ya Malamulo, iri ndi thayo la kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma. Ilo likutsogozedwa ndi Pulezidenti wa United States, yemwe akutumikira ponse paŵiri monga mutu wa boma ndi mutu wa boma.

  • [[FLT: 0] Presidenti: Pulezidenti amasankhidwa kaamba ka mawu a zaka zinayi kupyolera mwa Electoral College system ndipo ali ndi mawu aŵiri pansi pa 22 Demendment. Pulezidenti amatumikira monga Mkulu-in-Kensa ya Magulu Olimbana, ali ndi mphamvu ya kupereka ma Reprievans ndi kukhululukira milandu ya boma, kukambirana ndi mitundu ina, ndipo amaika oweruza a boma, akazembe, ndi akulu a madipatimenti ndi malangizo a bungwe limodzi. Pulezidenti amatumizanso Boma la pachaka la Union ndipo angachite msonkhano kapena kukhazikitsa Nyumba ya malamulo pansi pa mikhalidwe yachilendo.
  • Pulezidenti wa Chitetezo: Pulezidenti waikidwa pa tikiti yofanana ndi Pulezidenti ndi kutumikira monga Pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, kuvota mavoti ophwanya utoto pamene kuli kofunika. Pulezidenti wa bungwe la Pulezidenti ndi amene amasankha pulezidenti akamwalira, kusiya, kapena kuchotsedwa pa ofesi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Cabinet : Cabitate imaphatikizapo Pulezidenti ndi atsogoleri a madipatimenti 15 akuluakulu, monga Boma, Ndalama, Zotetezera, Chilungamo, ndi Maphunziro. Mamembala a Kabinete amaikidwa ndi Pulezidenti ndi kutsimikiziridwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo. Iwo amatumikira monga atsogoleri ndi kuyang'anira madipatimenti awo.

Bungwe la Ofesi ya nthambi la Boma limaphatikizaponso mabungwe ambiri a boma, makampani, ndi maofesi amene amakonza mapulogalamu ndi malamulo ena. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Reserve Board, National Aeronautics and Space Administration . Office of Security and Bal Bal Bal imathandizira Pulezidenti kukonza bajeti ndi kuyang'anira ntchito ya bungwe.

Prezidentiyo amasonkhezera kwambiri boma mwa kulamulira kwa boma, kumene kuli ndi mphamvu ya lamulo koma kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa m’ulamuliro wa malamulo kapena mphamvu zalamulo zomwe ziripo. Malamulo a olamulira amalola Pulezidenti kutsogoza ntchito za boma popanda chivomerezo cha bungwelo, ngakhale kuti zingatsutsidwe m’khoti kapena kusinthidwa ndi maulamuliro otsatirapo.

Nthambi Yoweruza

Nthambi ya Oweruza, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Mfundo III ya Lamulolo, imamasulira malamulo a boma ndi kutsimikizira kuti amagwirizana ndi malamulo alamulo. Ilo liri ndi dongosolo la malamulo a boma la makhoti, ndi Bwalo Lapamwamba.

  • Khoti lapamwamba: Khoti lapamwamba mu United States lili ndi machiweruzo 9 — Chilungamo Chimodzi ndi Malungamo asanu ndi atatu Ogwirizana. Zoweruza zaikidwa ndi Pulezidenti ndi kutsimikizidwa ndi Khoti, kutumikira mapangano a moyo wonse panthaŵi ya makhalidwe abwino. Moyo uno umawatetezera ku chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko ndi kusunga ufulu wa chiweruzo. Khoti Lapamwamba lili ndi ulamuliro woyambirira pa milandu yokhudza akazembe ndi maboma, koma ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndilo kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma, kumvetsera zikalata zochonderera kuchokera ku mabwalo apamwamba a boma ndi mabwalo apamwamba a boma.
  • Makhoti a Chivomezi: Khoti la boma limaphatikizapo makhoti 94 a milandu, amene ali makhoti a milandu kumene mlandu unayamba, ndi makhoti 13 a apilo, amene amamva zikalata kuchokera ku makhoti achigawo. Makhoti achigawo amasamalira milandu yachiŵeniŵeni ndi ya upandu yomwe imabuka pansi pa lamulo la boma. Makhoti a apilo, amapendanso zigamu za khoti la milandu ya zamalamulo koma sachititsa milandu yatsopano. Khoti la A apilo la A apilo la Federa Gardera likulu limasamalira milandu yapadera yokhudza mapangano, malonda a mayiko, ndi mapangano a boma.
  • Makhoti otchuka: Congress yakhazikitsa makhoti apadera kusamalira milandu yamtundu wina, kuphatikizapo Khoti la Msonkho la United States, Bwalo la Malo a Malamulo la Federal, Bwalo la Zamalonda la U.S. la Zipilo za Magulu Olamulira. Makhoti ameneŵa ali ndi malire ndi madiresi a malamulo ofunikira ukatswiri wapadera.

Mphamvu ya kupenda kwachiweruzo — ulamuliro wa kulengeza malamulo kapena zochita zaudindo zosakhala zaupostical — inakhazikitsidwa m'nkhani yotchuka ya 1803 Marbury v. Madison. Mphamvu imeneyi imapangitsa chigamulo kukhala choyendera champhamvu pa nthambi zina, ngakhale kuti makhoti amaletsa mwa kugamula milandu yeniyeni ndi mikangano, osati mafunso ongoyerekezera.

Njira ya Macheke ndi Kulinganizika

Nthambi iliyonse imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu za nthambi zina chifukwa zimenezi zimalepheretsa nthambi iliyonse kukhala ndi ulamuliro wopitirira malire ndiponso kulimbikitsa kuti nthambi zigwirizane.

  • Ligislative Checks pa Bungwe: [FLT: 1] Nyumba ingapose madesitale ndi mavitamini aŵiri atatu m'zipinda zonse ziŵiri. Nyumba itsimikiza kapena kukana kuikidwa kwa pulezidenti ndi kuchotsa mapangano. Nyumba imayang'anira bajeti ya boma ndipo ingakane kupereka ndalama zothandizira akuluakulu a boma. Nyumba ingaperekenso Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, ndi akuluakulu ena a boma chifukwa cha kuukira boma, chiphuphu, kapena milandu yaikulu ndi maupandu; Khoti imakhala ndi kuzenga mlandu ndi kuchotsa akuluakulu pa chivoti ziŵiri. Bungwe lingafufuzenso machitidwe audindo kudzera m'makomiti ndi mapoloti.
  • Legislative Checks pa Judia: Congress amasankha ukulu wa Khoti Lapamwamba ndi kapangidwe ka makhoti apamwamba a boma. Nyumba ya Malamulo itsimikiza kapena kukana makhoti achiweruzo. Mabungwe angapereke malamulo oletsa kuletsa zigamulo za Bwalo Lapamwamba. Mabungwe angaperekenso malamulo oletsa kuletsa zigamulo za Bwalo Lapamwamba. Mabungwe angale angaletse oweruza a boma kaamba ka kusachita chisembwere.
  • Kufufuza kwa Malamulo: Prezidenti angapereke ndalama zoperekedwa ndi Congress, ngakhale kuti kupambana kumafuna mavoti aŵiri chitatu. Pulezidenti angaitanitse Nyumba ya Malamulo ku msonkhano wapadera ndipo angapereke lamulo. Pulezidenti angathetse mavoti mu Khoti.
  • Acheke Onena za Chigamulo: Prezidenti amagamula oweruza a boma, kuphatikizapo oweruza a Bwalo Lapamwamba. Pulezidenti angaperekenso zikhululukiro za milandu ya boma, imene ikhoza kugonjetsa zigamulo zachiweruzo. Pulezidenti amalangiza Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo pa milandu imene iyenera kulondola.
  • [[FULT:0] Makhoti a Judicial Chess pa Malamulo: angakanthe malamulo monga osagwirizana ndi lamulo kupyolera m'kupenda kwachiweruzo. Oweruza a Federal amatumikira kuikidwa kwa moyo wonse, kuwatetezera ku chitsenderezo cha malamulo.
  • Makhoti a Judicial Ches pa Bungwe: angalengeze machitidwe a maulamuliro osagwirizana ndi lamulo la boma kapena otsutsana ndi lamulo la boma. Makhoti angapereke zilamuliro za kuletsa zochita za mabwana. Khoti Lapamwamba lili ndi mawu omalizira pa mkhalidwe wa pulezidenti.

Njira yocholoŵana imeneyi yoyang’anirana imatanthauza kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa kachitidwe kumafuna kuti mabungwe ambiri agwirizane.

Mafuko ndi Kugaŵanika kwa Ulamuliro

Malamulo a boma ndi ogaŵanitsa mphamvu za boma ndi maboma a boma.

Lamulo la Malamulo limapatsa boma mphamvu zina zotchulidwa, pamene likusunga mphamvu zina zonse ku maboma kapena kwa anthu kupyolera mwa Kusintha kwa 10.

  • Boma la Boma la Dziko: Limasamalira nkhani za mtundu, kuphatikizapo chitetezo, nkhani zachilendo, kusamuka, malonda apakati pa dziko, kulephera kwa ntchito, malo oyenera ndi ovomerezeka, ndi mautumiki a positi. Supremacy Claus amakhazikitsa kuti lamulo la boma liyenera kukhala lapamwamba pa lamulo lotsutsana pamene Congress achita mkati mwa ulamuliro wake wa malamulo.
  • State Government Powers: Maboma amayang'anira nkhani za boma, kuphatikizapo maphunziro, thanzi la anthu, zoyendera, kusungitsa lamulo la upandu, lamulo la katundu, banja, ndi kukhazikitsa kwaukatswiri. Boma lililonse lili ndi malamulo akeake, kazembe, kazembe, ndi khoti. Maboma amapanganso masankhoti a ofesi a boma, potsatira malangizo a boma.
  • Mphamvu zanthaŵi zonse: Maboma adziko ndi maboma angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zina panthaŵi imodzi, kuphatikizapo mphamvu ya kukhoma msonkho, kubwereka ndalama, kukhazikitsa makhoti, kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndi kuyang'anira kubanki.

Bungwe la New Deac zeration linasintha kwambiri m’kupita kwa nthaŵi. Linapanga malamulo aŵiri a boma, ndipo panali malamulo omveka bwino pakati pa ulamuliro wa dziko ndi boma. Mbadwo wa New Deal unabweretsa mgwirizano wa boma, kumene maboma a dziko ndi boma anagwirira ntchito pamodzi pa zolinga zalamulo. Zigamulo za khoti, kupereka maprogramu, ndi malamulo a boma akulitsa ulamuliro wa dziko m’madera onga ufulu wa anthu, chitetezo cha malo okhalako, ndi kusamala zaumoyo.

Kulimbana pakati pa ulamuliro wa dziko ndi boma kukukhalabe mbali yaikulu ya ndale zadziko la America. Nkhani za boma zotsutsana ndi boma zimaphatikizapo nkhani monga kukhazikitsa chamba, kukhazikitsa lamulo la boma loloŵa m’dziko, malamulo a zaumoyo, ndi miyezo ya maphunziro. Maboma kaŵirikaŵiri amatumikira monga malaboratori a demokrase, kuyesa malamulo atsopano asanafalikire m’dziko lonse.

Mapwando a Zandale ndi Njira Yosankha

Zipani za ndale zadziko sizimatchulidwa m'Bungwe la Malamulo, komabe zakhala zofunika ku ulamuliro wa Amereka. Dongosolo la mbali ziŵiri, lolamuliridwa ndi Democratic Party ndi Chipani cha Republican, limaumba mmene oyembekezera kubatizidwa amasankhidwira, mmene akampeni zikuchitidwira, ndi mmene boma limagwirira ntchito.

Chipani cha Democratic Party : [[FLT :1] Mofala chogwirizana ndi malo opita patsogolo ndi omasuka, Chipani cha Democratic Party chimapereka ntchito yaikulu kwa boma m'madera onga ngati kusamalira zaumoyo, maphunziro, chitetezo, ndi ubwino wa anthu. Democrat amayanja misonkho yapamwamba pa anthu olemera ndi mabungwe kuchirikiza maprogramu a anthu onse, ndipo amagogomezera zoyenera za antchito, ndi kutetezera ogula.

Republican Party: Mofala ogwirizana ndi malo osasintha, Chipani cha Republican chichilikiza maulamuliro opereŵera, misonkho, malamulo auleretsa a zachuma, ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha dziko. Republican amagogomezera thayo la munthu payekha, boma ’ zoyenera, ndi makhalidwe a chikhalidwe. Chipanichi chimachirikiza kuchotsedwa kwa malonda ndi kutsutsa maprogramu a boma aunyinji.

Chisankho mu United States nchochovuta ndi choyenerera. Chisankho cha Federal chimachitika zaka ziŵiri zilizonse, pamene mipando yonse 435 ya nyumba ndi mipando pafupifupi chigawo chimodzi mwa zitatu ya Nyumba ya Malamulo imatsutsidwa. Chisankho cha pulezidenti chimachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse, ndi wopambana wogamulidwa osati ndi voti yotchuka koma ndi Electoral College . Boma lililonse limalandira mavoti osankhidwa olingana ndi kuimira kwake konsoliyo, ndipo wosankhayo amafunikira 270 osankhidwa kuti apambane paupapa.

Boma ndi masankho a boma, opanga malamulo, opanga malamulo, ndi mabungwe a m’boma amachitika pa mandandanda osiyanasiyana. Maboma ambiri atengera njira za demokalase zachindunji, monga ngati njira zopangira mapepala ndi ma alorendi, zimene zimalola ovota kukhazikitsa malamulo mwachindunji popanda kuchitapo kanthu mwalamulo.

Kuyenera kwa anthu kwawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira pamene anakhazikitsa. Lamulo la 15 Loletsa tsankho la mafuko posankha, la 19 Lamphumphu linapatsa akazi ufulu wosankha, la 24 Lamphumphu linachotsa misonkho ya kuvota, ndipo la 26 Lakuti Lamphiri la Zosankha linachepetsa zaka za kuvota kukhala 18.

Kusintha kwa Lamulo la Malamulo

Malamulo amaphatikizapo njira yamwambo imene imalola kusintha pamene mukufunikira kugwirizana kwakukulu. Kusintha kungaperekedwe mwa voti ya zipinda zonse ziŵiri zitatu za Congress kapena ndi msonkhano wotchedwa ndi makina aŵiri chitatu a malamulo a boma. Kusintha kumafuna chilolezo ndi atatu mwa anayi a makhomagelamu a boma kapena ndi misonkhano ya boma, monga momwe Congress asankhira.

Kusintha zinthu khumi koyamba, kotchedwa kuti Bill of Rights, kunavomerezedwa mu 1791 ndipo kunatsimikizira ufulu waukulu kuphatikizapo kulankhula, chipembedzo, ndi msonkhano; ufulu wonyamula zida; kutetezera ku kufunafuna kosalingalira ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri; ndi kuyenera kwa kuzengedwa mlandu kolungama.

Pambuyo pake kukonzanso ukapolo kunathetsa, kunatsimikizira kuti ukapolo udzakhala wotetezeredwa mofanana pansi pa lamulo, kunaloledwa kukhoma msonkho wopita patsogolo, kunaperekedwa chisankho chapadera cha oimira boma, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo audindo.

Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa lamulo, Malamulo amasintha mwa kumasulira kwachiweruzo, kachitidwe ka malamulo, ndi kugwirizanitsa. Zigamulo za Khoti Lapamwamba zimamasuliranso malamulo a lamulo kusamalira mikhalidwe yatsopano, pamene kuli kwakuti Congress imakhazikitsa malamulo olongosola malamulo a lamulo. Kusintha kwamwaŵi kumeneku kumalola Malamulowo kusintha popanda kulamula njira yovuta yokonza.

Kutenga Nawo Mbali ndi Udindo wa M’banja

Anthu a m’dziko la United States angalankhule ndi akuluakulu a boma, kupezeka pamisonkhano, kuweruza milandu, kudzipereka pa ndawala zandale, kupereka ndalama kuti athandize anthu okwatira, ndiponso kuchita zionetsero zamtendere ndi zachinyengo.

Ufulu wa nkhani ndi ufulu wa kulankhula, wotetezeredwa ndi Ofesi Yoyamba, umathandiza nzika kupeza chidziŵitso ndi kufotokoza malingaliro awo popanda kufufuzidwa ndi boma.

Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, kumvetsetsa boma ndi njira yoyamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso chimenechi mwa mapulogalamu a m’kalasi, mapulogalamu a kukambirana, boma la ophunzira, ndi ntchito zophunzitsa ntchito kumakulitsa maluso ofunika kuti akhale nzika yogwira mtima. Maprogramu amene amaphunzitsa anthu kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kulemba amathandiza anthu kuona malo amene apeza chidziŵitso ndi kuzindikira zolakwika.

Umoyo wa democracy ya ku America umadalira pa mbadwo uliwonse ’ kudzipereka kumvetsetsa ndi kutengamo mbali m'zochitika za ndale zadziko. Pamene nzika zimvetsetsa dongosolo la ’ kapangidwe ka, iwo angakhoze kuwongolera bwino ndi kugwirira ntchito kuwongolera kumene kumayenderana ndi miyezo yawo.

Kuyerekezera Dongosolo la United States ndi Maufumu Ena

Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kumapereka lingaliro pa ulamuliro wa America ndipo kumagogomezera zosankha zozikidwa pa malamulo alamulo.

Mosiyana ndi madongosolo a nyumba ya malamulo, monga ngati a United Kingdom, Canada, ndi Germany, a United States amalekanitsa nthambi za akuluakulu ndi za malamulo. M'madongosolo a nyumba za malamulo, nduna yaikulu imasankhidwa kuchokera ku gulu lalikulu m'nyumba ya malamulo ndipo ingathe kuchotsedwa mwa kuvota popanda chidaliro. Kuphatikiza maulamuliro kumeneku kaŵirikaŵiri kumatheketsa ntchito yalamulo mofulumira kwambiri koma kumasumika maganizo kwambiri.

Dongosolo la pulezidenti wa United States limapereka dongosolo la pulezidenti wamkulu wosankhidwa payekha wokhala ndi nthaŵi yoikika, kupangitsa bata lowonjezereka komanso kuthekera kowonjezereka kwa kuwonongeka pamene desidenti ndi Congress zilamulidwa ndi zipani zosiyanasiyana. Kukhoza kwa Pulezidenti kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ’ mphamvu yotsekereza kuikidwa ndi mapangano zimapanga mfundo zambiri zimene zingachedwetse ntchito ya boma.

Madongosolo a boma alipo m'mademokrase ena aakulu, kuphatikizapo Germany, Australia, ndi India. Mayiko ameneŵa amagaŵanso ulamuliro pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi madera, ngakhale kuti malo ake oikidwawo amasiyana. Germany ’ madongosolo a boma amapereka mphamvu zazikulu ku L¨nder, pamene ku India Apprsquo; dongosolo la dzikolo limalola boma la dziko kugonjetsa maboma a boma pansi pa mikhalidwe ina.

Dongosolo la magawo aŵiri la U.S. limasiyana ndi madongosolo a magawo ambiri ofala m'mademokrase a nyumba ya malamulo. Madongosolo a zoimira za boma m'maiko ambiri a ku Ulaya amalola zigawa zaing'ono kupata mipando ya malamulo, kutsogolera ku maboma ogwirizana. Dongosolo la chigawo chimodzi la U.S. ndi kuvota koyamba kumbuyo kuvomereza mwamphamvu magulu aŵiri aakulu, kupanga kuimira kokhazikika koma kosasintha kwenikweni.

Kuyerekezera kumeneku kumavumbula kuti palibe chitsanzo chimodzi cha demokrase chimene chili chapamwamba padziko lonse. Dongosolo lililonse limasonyeza mbiri yake, makhalidwe, ndi mikhalidwe ya ndale zadziko. Dongosolo la United States, ndi kugogomezera kwake macheke, malinganizidwe, ndi ulamuliro, limatsekereza ulamuliro wankhanza pa kukwaniritsa zipambano — chosankha chadala cha opanga mafashoni amene akupitirizabe kuumba ulamuliro wa Amereka lerolino.