Chipangano cha Covic, kutengamo mbali kwamphamvu kwa nzika m'moyo wa ndale zadziko, wa mayanjano, ndi wa m'chitaganya, kwakhala kudziŵika kwa nthaŵi yaitali kukhala maziko a zigwirizano za demokrase. Chimaphatikizapo ntchito zambiri, kuyambira kuvota ndi kudzipereka kutsutsa ndi kutumikira pa mabungwe akwawo. Kufufuza mmene ntchito zimenezi zakhala zikuyambira panthaŵi yake kumapereka njira yapadera yodziŵira thanzi la demokrase yathu ndi kusintha kwa maunansi pakati pa anthu ndi maboma awo. Kupenda kochititsa kupenda bwino lomwe likulu la mapangano a boma kuyambira chapakati pa zaka za zana la 20 mpaka lero, kuyang'ana za mayanjano, zamakono, ndi zandale zimene zawapanga, ndi kupereka chidziŵitso cha m’tsogolo chimene chingakhale ndi chitukuko kwa anthu okangalika.

Zaka za Pakati pa 20: Nyengo Yabwino ya Kutsenderezedwa

Zaka makumi ambiri pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, makamaka ma 1960 ndi 1970, zikuimira nyengo ya kuchuluka kwa mizu yaudzu yomasonkhanitsa ndi kutengamo mbali kwakukulu kwa nzika. Nyengo ino inawona kuwonjezereka kwa kachitidwe kachigwirizano kosonkhezeredwa ndi magulu amphamvu a kakhalidwe amene anasintha kwenikweni mkhalidwe wa ndale zadziko. Gulu la ufulu wa anthu, kutsutsa kwa ankhondo yolimbana ndi Vaietnam, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa akazi ndi magulu a malo okhala anasonkhezera anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kutenga m’makwalala, kulinganiza pa mlingo wa chitaganya, ndi kusintha kwa dongosolo la kachitidwe ka zinthu.

  • Kutseguka kwa Lamulo la Kulola Ufulu wa Anthu mu 1965 kunasintha kwambiri, kuchititsa chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha kulembetsa kwa voti pakati pa anthu a ku Africa ku South. Mabungwe a gulu monga la Wophunzira Nonlib Coordinating Comittee Komiti (SNCC) inachititsa mkupiti wa khomo ndi khomo lachiwawa, komabe anapambana m'kukhazikitsa mbadwo.
  • Kunyamuka kwa Mabungwe a Umbatu: Nyengo imeneyi inakhala ndi kuyambika kwa magulu opirira kubadwa kwa anthu monga National Organization for Women (NOW), Environmental Defense Fund, ndi American Civil Liberes Union (ACLU). Mabungwe ameneŵa anatsogolera mphamvu ya magulu a udzu kukhala malamulo okhazikika.
  • Kusonyeza kwa Paubili monga Chiŵiya chachikulu: [[FLT :1] March 1963 pa Washington ndi zipwirikiti za Stone Wall Wall za 1969 zimasonyeza mmene chitsutso chapoyera chinakhalira njira yaikulu kwa nzika kulongosola zofuna zawo. Kuchiyambi kwa ma 1970, kufufuza kwa anthu kunasonyeza kuti Aamereka ambiri anakhala ndi phande m’mtundu wina wa chitsanzo kapena kulimbikitsa kwa kamodzi m’moyo wawo.

Nyengo imeneyi inalinso ndi kudalirana kwakukulu m’mabungwe, kumene modabwitsa kumachititsa ndi kukakamiza. Nzika zawo zinakhulupirira kuti boma lawo linali lokhoza kuyankha zimene likufuna, zimene zinasonkhezera lingaliro la kupambana m’kuchita zinthu. Komabe, chidaliro chimenechi chikayamba kutha m’zaka makumi zotsatira, kusinthiratu mtundu wa kukhalamo ndi phande m’chitaganya.

Kusintha kwa Institution: Ma 1980 ndi 1990

Pamene zaka za 1980 zinayamba, malo osonkhanira anthu anasintha kwambiri. Mphamvu yosonkhanitsa anthu ambiri inayamba kusintha pang’onopang’ono n’kuyamba kupangidwa ndi njira zochitira nawo zinthu. Nthaŵi imeneyi, nthaŵi zina imatchedwa “chigwirizano,” inakhala ndi ntchito yopanga mapangano ndi kusiya ntchito yotsutsa ndi yochitira ntchito ndi yochita zinthu.

  • Kusintha kwa Mabungwe Opanda Phindu: Pakati pa 1980 ndi 2000, chiŵerengero cha mabungwe osalembetsa phindu ku United States chinaŵirikiza kuposa kaŵiri. Mabungwe ameneŵa [1] akuchoka ku magulu aakulu a anthu opanga ufulu wa anthu ku Mabanki akwawo a chakudya ndi makampani opititsa patsogolo a chitaganya. Tsopano akanatha kuchita nawo ntchito yopereka, kutumikira pamabungwe, kapena kuvomera m’malo mopita ku mabungwe opereka chithandizo.
  • Chivolunteeris monga kukhazikitsa kwa National Priest:[FLT :1] Ma 1990 anakhala ndi chigogomezero chowonjezereka pa utumiki waufulu, wosonyezedwa ndi kulengedwa kwa AmeriCorps mu 1993. Programu imeneyi ya boma inalimbikitsa mbadwo watsopano kuchita utumiki wa m’chitaganya, kugwirizanitsa ntchito ya boma ndi utumiki wa dziko. Chigwirizano cha Bureau of Labor Statistics chinasonyeza kuti ziŵerengero za antchito odzifunira zinakwera pa 29% ya anthu achikulire pakati pa ma190.
  • POPROFETED Technological Impacts: Zaka za 1980 ndi 1990 zinawonanso masinthidwe oyamba a luso la zopangapanga amene pambuyo pake akasintha pangano. makina a fax ndi intaneti yoyambirira inakhala ziŵiya za kulankhulana kofulumira pakati pa ochirikiza, makamaka m'madongosolo a malo okhala ndi ufulu wa anthu. Kugwa kwa Khoma la Berlin mu 1989 kunawonjezereka mwa kufalikira kwa chidziŵitso kupyolera pa fax ndi fax ndi fax japied samisat.

Komabe, kukhazikitsa boma kumeneku kunatenganso mtengo. Akatswiri ena ananena kuti kusintha kuchoka ku mabungwe ogwirizana ndi anthu (monga mabungwe a antchito ndi zipani za ndale zadziko) kukakhala makampani osapanga phindu kunafooketsa demokrase yaudzu. Nzika zinakhala ongodzipereka mwaulesi kapena odzipereka mwa apa ndi apo mmalo mwa opanga zosankha mwachangu m'malo mwa kukonza zigamulo.

Zaka za Zana la 21: Kusintha kwa Magetsi ndi Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Kusintha kwa zaka 1,000 kunabweretsa kusintha kumene kukupitirizabe kufotokoza za kulonjezana kwa anthu masiku ano. Kukwera kwa Intaneti, mapulogalamu a zaumoyo, ndi zipangizo zamakono zamakono kunayambitsa njira zatsopano zolankhulirana, kulinganiza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta. Kusintha kumeneku kwa makompyuta kunachititsa kuti anthu apeze chidziŵitso ndipo kunathandiza kuti ayambe kuchita zinthu mofulumira.

  • [[FLT :0] Media Media monga Chiŵiya chokonza: Mafomu onga Facebook, Twitter, ndipo pambuyo pake Instagram ndi Tik Tok anakhala maziko a ntchito yamakono ya . Mkupiti wa pulezidenti wa Barack Obama unasonyeza mphamvu ya kulinganiza makompyuta, ndi mamiliyoni a ochirikiza kugwiritsira ntchito mafashoni kugwirizanitsa zochitika ndi ndalama.
  • Mapempho ndi Mafunso Ofala: Malo onga Chisinthiko. org ndi GoFoundMe analola anthu kuyambitsa ndawala pa nkhani iliyonse, kupitirira osunga zipata. Gulu la 2011 Occupy Wall Street linagwiritsira ntchito zoulutsira mawu kufalitsa uthenga wake padziko lonse, pamene likuonetsanso kulephera kwa kulinganiza koyenera, kopanda atsogoleri.
  • Kuwonjezera Kutenga Nawo Pakati pa Achichepere: [[FLT: 1] Zida za Digital zinachepetsa kwambiri zopinga zoloŵa kwa achichepere. Kufufuza kwa 2018 Pew Research Center kunapeza kuti 47% ya achichepere a zaka 13-17 adaloŵa m'ntchito zaunyinji wa pa Intaneti, monga ngati kusaina mapempho kapena kugawana chidziŵitso chonena za nkhani za mayanjano, chaka chatha. Mbadwo umenewu kaŵirikaŵiri umatchedwa “midzi yachitukuko,” ndi ntchito zawo zophatikizana ndi kugwirizanitsa chidziŵitso cha pa Intaneti ndi ntchito ya pa Intaneti.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Magulu Opangidwa ndi Mafoni a Pakompyuta

M’zaka za m’ma 2000 zino, anthu ambiri akusonyeza kuti luso lamakono losintha zinthu lasintha:

  • Chipringi cha Aluya (2010-2012): Masiteshoni a Social , makamaka Facebook ndi Twitter, adathandiza kulinganiza zitsutso ku Tunisia, Egypt, ndi mitundu ina ya Aluya. Activis anagwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya zimenezi kugawana chidziŵitso, kugwirizanitsa zitsanzo, ndi kuulutsira zochitika kwa omvetsera a padziko lonse, kupitirira zolamulira boma.
  • Milife Milife Matter (2011-presente): [[FLT ] adayalidwa poyamba monga jahtag pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa Travon Martin, Black Live Confect inakhala imodzi ya magulu aakulu a anthu m'mbiri ya U.S. kapangidwe kake kabwino kamadalira kwambiri pa Twitter, Instagram, ndi Facebook kukhazikitsa zitsutso ndi kukweza chidziŵitso cha chiwawa cha apolisi.
  • Akazi a March (2017): Tsiku lotsatira Donald Trump , anthu pafupifupi 4.6 miliyoni anachita nawo m'ma Marches ku United States [1] Chitsutso chachikulu koposa cha tsiku limodzi m'mbiri ya dzikolo. Chochitikacho chinalinganizidwa pafupifupi kupyolera mwa chochitika cha Facebook tsamba ndi kutumizana kwa foni kwa foni kwaufulu.

Mikhalidwe Yatsopano: Kusiyana kwa Makhalidwe, Kuchitapo Kanthu kwa Achichepere, ndi Thanzi Lamaganizo

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zikuchitika zikusintha mmene anthu amakhalira ndi moyo wa demokalase:

  • Kugaŵa monga ntchito ya chigawo cha Mafulo: Magulu a Contemporary amazindikira mowonjezereka kuti kukhala ndi anthu monga fuko, gawo, kakhalidwe, chisembwere, ndi kugonana kuumba zokumana nazo za munthu ndi zikondwerero za ndale zadziko. Malichi kaamba ka Miyoyo Yathu ndi kusokonezeka kwa mkhalidwe wakunja kumachititsa achichepere kaŵirikaŵiri kupenda malo, kuvomereza kuti chiwawa cha malo okhala ndi mfuti zimakhudza kwambiri anthu.
  • Umbale-Used Activism pa Rise: Achichepere sakungotengamo mbali [1] Iwo kaŵirikaŵiri akutsogolera kuyang'anira. Kachitidwe ka dziko lonse ka nyengo ya achichepere, koyambitsidwa ndi Greta Thunberg ya chitsutso cha munthu mmodzi kunja kwa nyumba ya malamulo ya Sweden mu 2018, anasonkhanitsa mamiliyoni a ophunzira pa makontinenti asanu ndi limodzi. Kudzitukumula kwa achichepere kwakhalanso maziko a kumenya nkhondo yolamulira mopambanitsa ya mfuti pambuyo pa Parkland, Florida sukulu mu 2018.
  • Thanzi la m'mimba ndi Sustainable Activism : Pali kuzindikira kowonjezereka kuti kupsa ndi kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika ndizo zopinga zazikulu ku pangano la nthaŵi yaitali la anthu. Magulu akuwonjezera kuchirikiza thanzi la maganizo m'makonzedwe awo. Zochita zonga ngati “kulimbana, chithandizo cha onse, ndi kulinganiza kwa kupsinjika maganizo kukufikira kukhala muyezo kwa ochirikiza.

Mbali ya Maphunziro m’Kutomerana

Masukulu amachita mbali yaikulu kukulitsa mbadwo wotsatira wa nzika zoikizidwa. Maphunziro a Civic achepa m'madongosolo ambiri asukulu kuyambira m'ma 1970, koma posachedwapa pakhala chikondwerero choyambira kukonzekeretsa ophunzira kuti atengemo mbali ya demokalase. Malinga ndi Kuvomereza za Maphunziro a Civic [1] Kuphunzitsa kokhazikitsidwa ndi Congress mu 2019, malangizo a boma apamwamba amagwirizanitsidwa ndi milingo ya kuvota, kudzipereka, ndi chidziŵitso chandale pakati pa achichepere.

  • Programu za Kuphunzira : Maprogramu ameneŵa amagwirizanitsa utumiki wa m'chitaganya ndi maphunziro a m’kalasi. Maphunziro amasonyeza kuti ophunzira amene amatengamo mbali m’kuphunzira utumiki ali othekera kwambiri kuvota ndi kuchita ntchito za m'chitaganya monga achikulire.
  • [[FLT: 0] Masukulu ogogomezera mkangano, ziyeso zoseka, ndi makambitsirano olinganizidwa pa nkhani zotsutsana amathandiza ophunzira kukulitsa maluso ofunika kaamba ka nkhani zaufulu. Programu zonga National Speech & Propection Association
  • Boma la Uphunzitsi ndi Mabungwe a Achichepere: Pamene ophunzira apatsidwa mathayo enieni [1] monga ngati kulinganiza bajeti kapena kukonza masinthidwe a kachitidwe kwa kasukulu kwawo . Amakulitsa lingaliro la mphamvu ya ndale zadziko imene ingakhalitse moyo wonse.

Kuvutika Kuwonjezera Ntchito

Ngakhale kuti pali zambiri zimene zingathandize kuti anthu apeze njira zothetsera mavuto awo, pali zinthu zina zovuta kwambiri zimene zikufunika kuti anthu azitha kuchita nawo panganolo.

  • Kugaŵanitsa kwa Chigawano: [[FLT :1] Kugaŵanitsa malingaliro kumavuta kwambiri kwa nzika kupeza chifukwa chimodzi. Kufufuza 2021 kochitidwa ndi Pew Research Center kunapeza kuti pafupifupi theka la anthu a ku America amanena kuti “amatopa ndi ndale zadziko. Kusokonezeka maganizo kungatsogolere ku kuyanjana koipa kumene kumaletsa pangano, makamaka kwa anthu odzidalira ndi odziimira paokha.
  • [[FLT: 0] Maiconformation ndi Disformation : Kufalikira kofulumira kwa chidziŵitso chonyenga kapena chosocheretsa pa Intaneti kumawononga chidaliro m'mabungwe ndi maumboni . Izi zimasokoneza ntchito ya aphunzitsi ndi ochirikiza a boma amene amadalira pa chidziŵitso cholongosoka kuchirikiza. [[FLT:] Reuter Institute Digital News Report [1] Atolankhani
  • Zida za magetsi: Mkhalidwe wa zachuma, fuko, malo, ndi chinenero zonse zimene zingaloŵetsemo. Malamulo a Voter ID, kugawana maola, ndi kusoŵeka kwa chinenero kumakhudza kwambiri ndalama zochepera ndi anthu ochepa. Mofananamo, kugaŵanika kwa manambala kumatanthauza kuti nzika zambiri sizingapezenso Intaneti yodalirika, kuchotsapo malamulo a pa Intaneti a kulonjezana.

Oyendetsa Magalimoto Osintha Zinthu Zaka Zambiri

Oyendetsa magalimoto ambiri opitirira muyeso asonkhezera mosalekeza chikalata cha pangano la boma m’zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri zapitazo:

  • Kachipangizo ka zasayansi: Kuchokera ku wailesi yakanema ku kuulutsa zowopsa za Nkhondo ya Vietnam ndi ma arogothi kukulitsa bungwe la Black Live Confect, mbadwo uliwonse wawona njira zake za kutomerana zolinganizidwa ndi tekinoloji yomwe ilipo. Malo otsatira angakhale luntha lopanga, limene lingathandize kupanga mauthenga aumwini kapena [1] ngati linagwiritsira ntchito molakwa manena ofalitsidwa pa liŵiro losadziŵika.
  • [[FLT : 0] Demographic Shifts: United States yakhala yosiyana kwambiri mwaufuko ndi mafuko, ndipo masinthidwe ameneŵa akusonyezedwa m'zopanga ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri za mabungwe a anthu. Chiŵerengero cha zaka chikwi ndi Gen Z chiri chothekera kwambiri kuloŵerera m'nkhani za chilungamo cha fuko, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kusalingana kwa chuma kuposa mibadwo yakale.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mikhalidwe ya zachuma: nyengo za mavuto a zachuma . Zonga Kusintha Kwakukulu kwa 2008(kwake) kwakhala kukusonkhezera kuwonjezereka kwa kachitidwe ka zinthu. Lerolino, mtengo wa moyo ndi ngongole za ophunzira ukusonkhanitsa osankha achichepere m’njira zatsopano.

Kutengana Ukwati Wolemera: Mmene Timadziŵira Zimene Tikudziwa

Kuzindikira zizoloŵezi kumafuna kupima kwakukulu. Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa nkhani za kugawana kwa anthu kumaphatikizapo C Chourvepont Center ndi Computer of National Service. Zida zimenezi zikusonyeza pang'onopang'ono monga ngati wovota, maola odzipereka, mamembala m'mabungwe, ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'misonkhano yapoyera. Kufufuza kwina kofanana ndi kutsutsa kuchitika, kuvomereza kotalika monga kudzipereka kapena kupezeka pa misonkhano ya anthu. Kuchokera pa 1970, kulephera kwa mayeso, kuŵerengeredwa ndi Robert: [Fod]

Kumaliza: Kukhalapo Kopitirizabe kwa Nzika Yokangalika

Kuyambira m'ma 1960 mpaka mpikisano wa ma1920, kukhazikitsa boma ku United States kwatsimikizira kuti n’kolimba ndiponso kogwirizana. Nyengo iliyonse yabweretsa mavuto ake ndi zinthu zina zatsopano, koma mfundo yaikulu siinasinthe: kuti demokrase yabwino imafuna kuti anthu azichita nawo ntchito zawo. Nkhani ya anthu onse imene ikuchitika si yongosinthasintha koma imakhudzana ndi njira zatsopano, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa zinthu zosapindulitsa, boma, mabizinesi, ndi kuposa zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro apamwamba a boma amene amathandiza kuti aliyense azichita mbali yake. Nkhani ya pangano la boma si yotha, koma ya kusintha kwa nthaŵi zonse ndi yokhudza mphamvu ya mbadwo uliwonse.