Kuwerenga ndi kulemba kuli ngati maziko a chitaganya chilichonse chaumoyo, chogwira ntchito ya democracy. Kukupitirira pa kumvetsetsa njira za boma; ndi chidziŵitso chokwanira, maluso, ndi mikhalidwe zimene zimatheketsa nzika kukhala ndi phande mwachangu m’kuumba zigawo zawo, kuchititsa atsogoleri awo kuŵerengera, ndi kutetezera zolinga za demokalase zimene zimachirikiza mtundu wawo. M'nyengo imene imatchedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chidziŵitso, kugaŵikana kwa ndalendale, ndi mavuto ovuta, kufunika kwa anthu odziŵa kulemba ndi kulemba. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri, ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri m’dziko, iyang'anizana ndi democrase, ndi njira zake kuti ilimbitse mbadwo wamtsogolo.

Kodi Kuphunzira Kuwerenga ndi Kuwerenga N’kutani?

Kuphunzira ndi kutha kumvetsa ndi kuchita zinthu mogwira mtima. Sikungokumbukira manthambi a boma kapena kusintha kwa malamulo a boma ayi; ndi chidziŵitso chothandiza, chogwiritsa ntchito chimene chimathandiza anthu kuyendetsa malo a anthu. Pa maziko ake, kuphunzira za chikhalidwe cha anthu kumaphatikizapo:

  • Chidziŵitso cha Malamulo a Boma ndi Ntchito: Kumvetsetsa mmene maboma a kumaloko, boma, ndi a boma amagwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo kupatula maulamuliro, kupima ndi kulinganiza, ndi ntchito ya judiary.
  • Kuyenera ndi Mathayo: Kuzindikira bwino za zoyenera zazikulu zotetezeredwa ndi lamulo (m’chitsanzo, kulankhula mwaufulu, kuvota, msonkhano) ndi mathayo ofanana a nzika, monga ngati kumvera malamulo, kukhoma misonkho, kutumikira pamaliro, ndi kuthandizira ku ubwino wa onse.
  • Accopuc Accectss: Luso la kufufuza nkhani, kupenda mosamalitsa chidziŵitso, kukambitsirana malingaliro osiyana mwaulemu, kugwirizana ndi ena, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pamodzi (kaya mwa kuvota, kuweruza, utumiki wa m'chitaganya, kapena kusanthula poyera.
  • Kumvetsetsa Makhalidwe ndi Maprinsipulo a Democratic: Kudzipereka ku mapindu monga chilungamo, kulingana, malamulo, kulolera, ndi kulingalira monga maziko a kuthetsa mikangano ndi kupanga zosankha pamodzi.

Akatswiri ndi mabungwe akhala akugogomezera kwa nthaŵi yaitali milingo imeneyi. ANNUBENT Policy Center mafufuzidwe a pachaka amene amavumbula nthaŵi zonse mipata yapadera ya chidziŵitso cha boma ndi malamulo a anthu achikulire a ku America. Mofananamo, Kazembe wa maphunziro a CBIC' amamasulira kuwerenga ndi kumasulira kwa "maphunziro a ku proftware" amene amakonzekera anthu kuti "alowetse ndi kutengamo mbali m'moyo wa democracy".

Maziko a Mbiri ndi Chisinthiko Chamakono

Lingaliro la kuŵerengera ndi kulemba ndi kuŵerenga linachokera kwambiri m'nthanthi ya democracy. Kuchokera ku masomphenya a Thomas Jefferson a nzika yamaphunziro monga "oyang'anira odziŵa bwino" a ufulu wa anthu a m’mabukhu a boma a kuyambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, lingaliro lakuti demokrase ikufuna anthu odziŵa zakhala zosasintha. Komabe, zophatikizidwa ndi njira za maphunziro a boma zasintha kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, kulemba ndi kulemba mawu kunasumikidwa kwambiri pa mfundo za boma. Lerolino, kugogomezera kwa anthu kwakhala kochitidwa ndi [[FLT:]: Phunzitsa: si kuphunzitsa mmene ophunzira afikira kukhala lamulo, koma mmene angagwirizanitsiredi ntchito yopanga malamulo, kuchokera kugwirizanitsa oimira a gulu la anthu kulinganiza.

Komanso, anthu ambiri masiku ano ayamba kuphunzira zinthu pa Intaneti, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolakwika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono pothandiza anthu.

Kufunika kwa Kuphunzira m’Chigwirizano cha Democratic Society

Democracy ndi yolimba ngati anthu akukhala ndi phande ndi chiweruzo. Pamene kuŵerengera ndi kuŵerenga kwa anthu kuli kofala, anthu amapindula ndi wosankha wotchuka, makambitsirano a lamulo odziŵa bwino, kudalira anthu ambiri m’mabungwe, ndi madera ovuta kwambiri.

Mphamvu ndi Agency

Chidziŵitso chimapatsa mphamvu. Nzika zimene zimazindikira mmene boma lawo limagwirira ntchito zilili zothekera kwambiri ku pa masankho, kupezeka pa mapoti, kuphatikiza magulu a anthu odziŵa zachuma, ndipo ngakhale kuthamangira kuntchito. Kufufuza kuchokera ku [FLT] Nthano za Lunjikizo & Kufufuza pa CLIVIK ndi Cinementment (CIRCIREC) kumasonyeza kuti ophunzira amene amalandira maphunziro apamwamba a za boma ali othekera kwambiri kuvota, kuchita utumiki wa anthu, ndi kulongosola kudzipereka kuti atengemo mbali m'moyo pambuyo pake. Kusintha kwa anthu otsata anthu otsata ntchito kuti aloŵe m'manzere.

Kuteteza Demokalase Kuti Isawonongeke

Madongosolo a democracy amadalira pa kumvetsetsana kwa malamulo onga ngati kulandira zigamulo za masankho, kulemekeza lamulo, ndi kutetezera ufulu waung'ono. Pamene kuŵerengetsa kwa anthu kuchepa, anthu amakhala osavuta kuvomereza auniversitala a zikhumbo zachikoka [, nthanthi zachiwembu, ndi zoyesayesa za kuchotsa zigwirizano za demokrase. Kuphunzira 2020 ndi [FLT:] Corporation yogwirizana ndi mlingo wa ulaliki wochepa wa chidziŵitso cha boma ndi kuchirikiza chiwawa chandale ndi kukana njira za democracy. Motero, kuchirikiza maphunziro a anthu si cholinga cha maphunziro chabe.

Nkhani Yolimbikitsa Ndiponso Yolimbikitsa

M’chitaganya chosiyana, nzika sizidzagwirizana pankhani zambiri. Kuphunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba kumakonzekeretsa anthu ndi zida kuti aloŵe m'kukambitsirana kothandiza kukambirana [ — kupereka zifukwa, kumvetsera malingaliro otsutsana, ndi kufunafuna malo ogwirizana popanda kuukirana kapena kuyambitsa ziwanda. Kukhoza kumeneku kwa kudziŵa, kukambirana mwaulemu nkofunika kuti mupeze mayankho a mavuto ovuta. Popanda iko, nkhani yapo imasintha n’kukhala maphwando, pulogalamu, ndi zitso zopanda pake.

Kuphunzira Kuphunzira: Kuchokera ku Sukulu Kufikira ku Maphunziro Okhalitsa

Pamene kuli kwakuti kuphunzira kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga kwa anthu onse kungayambitsidwe pa msinkhu uliwonse, maphunziro apamwamba adakali njira yadongosolo ndi yoyenerera yopangira mipikisano imeneyi. Kuphunzitsa anthu m’makalasi onse ndi m’mbali zonse za maphunziro nkofunika kwambiri.

K-12 Maphunziro a Chivic: Maziko

Kwa zaka zambiri, maphunziro a boma m'masukulu a ku United States akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthasintha, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amatsata kwambiri mfundo zokhudza kuŵerenga, masamu, ndi sayansi.

  • Explitit Instruction on Government and History: Ndi maphunziro amphamvu amene amakhudza Chilengezo cha Ufulu, Konsichushoni, Bill of Rights, milandu ya Khoti Lalikulu, ndi mmene boma, boma, ndi maboma akugwirira ntchito.
  • Kusintha ndi Kuseŵera kwa Malo: Programu zonga [[FT:2] zimapereka maseŵera othandizirana amene amalola ophunzira kuchita monga oweruza, opanga malamulo, kapena akuluakulu a nthambi, kupanga malingaliro ovuta ndi oloŵetsedwamo.
  • Projects Phunziro: Kugwirizanitsa maphunziro a m'kalasi ndi ntchito yeniyeni ya dziko lonse ya chitaganya( Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira akufufuza kusatetezereka kwa chakudya cha kumaloko ndiyeno kulinganiza kuyendetsa chakudya kapena kuchirikiza kusintha kwa malamulo.
  • Kudziwitsa za Nkhani zamakono ndi za Nkhokwe: yotsogozedwa, makambitsirano olinganizidwa pa nkhani zonga kusamuka, umoyo wa anthu, kapena kusintha kwa nyengo kumaphunzitsa ophunzira mmene angachitire ndi kusagwirizana ndi kupenda umboni.

Kupenda kochititsa chidwi kochitidwa ndi Mlonda wa Democracy: Chikalata cha Covicic Mission of Schools [1] (lipoti la Campaign for the CBICOS of Schools) linatchula machitidwe asanu ndi limodzi olonjeza: malangizo m'boma, lamulo, ndi demokrase; kukambitsirana za zochitika zamakono; kuphunzira; ntchito zapambuyo pa sukulu; kutengamo mbali m'madongosolo a democracy. Sukulu zimene zimaphatikizapo machitidwe ambiri opanga ophunzira ochitidwa ndi boma.

Maphunziro Apamwamba ndi Kuphunzira Kwachikulire

Maphunziro a pic sayenera kuima pambuyo pa sukulu yasekondale. Makoleji ndi mayunivesite ali ndi mwaŵi wapadera wa kukulitsa kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga anthu kupyolera m'makalasi a sayansi yandale, malamulo a anthu onse, ndi makhalidwe, komanso kupyolera m'masewera ambiri monga kukakamiza ovota ndi kugwirizana kwa chitaganya. Mabungwe ambiri akuyambitsa malo olembetsa a Bivic omwe amagwirizanitsa maphunziro ndi ntchito ya chitaganya.

Kwa achikulire, kuphunzira kwa nzika za boma kumachitika kupyolera m'nkhani zoulutsidwa (povuta), mabungwe a anthu, malaibulale, ndi ma shopu oyendetsedwa ndi phindu losapindulitsa monga Ligue of Women Voters kapena magulu a boma akwanu. Kuphunzira moyo wautali kuli kofunika monga momwe nkhani zatsopano zimayambira: mwa kuzindikira masinthidwe aakulu openda matanthauzo a zigamulo za Supreme Court kapena njira yatsopano ya za luso la zopanga zinthu.

Mavuto a Kuphunzira m’Zaka za Zana la 21

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amaona kuti kuphunzira ndi kulemba n’kofunika, pali mavuto aakulu amene tiyenera kuwathetsa.

Kuchuluka kwa Maphunziro a Chipatso M’masukulu

Pakati pa 2001 ndi 2010, pansi pa zitsenderezo za chikalata cha No Child Lend Behind Act, masukulu ambiri anachepetsa kapena kuchotsa maphunziro a boma odzipereka. Malinga ndi [[FLT: 0] Conference of State Legislatures [1], mayiko ochepa okha ndiwo amafuna maphunziro a zaka zokwanira a boma ku sukulu ya sekondale. M'masukulu ambiri, maboma ndi ofunika chaka chimodzi kapena kuphatikizana ndi nkhani zina. Kusintha kumeneku kwathandiza kuti anthu achikulire adziwe bwino za boma.

Kusintha Ndale ndi Kusakhulupirira

Magawano aakulu apangitsa maphunziro a boma kukhala malo ankhondo. Kutsutsana ponena za mmene angaphunzitsire nkhani zotsutsana (m'chitsanzo, Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni, chilungamo cha fuko, kusintha kwa mkhalidwe wa dziko) kungatsogolere ku kusanthula kapena kuletsa. Aphunzitsi angamve kukhala okakamizidwa kuchotsa "odetsedwa" nkhani, zimene zimaletsa kukambitsirana kwatanthauzo kwa anthu. Kuwonjezera apo, kukhulupirira kwa anthu m'mabungwe [1] kuphatikizapo atolankhani ndi boma zikukupangitsa kukhala kovuta kuloŵetsa anthu m'maphunziro a anthu. Pamene nzika ziwona chidziŵitso chonse ndi kukayikira, maziko a kutsutsana kwachidziŵitso.

Kuchuluka kwa Makompyuta

Malo a ndandanda a chidziŵitso akupereka lupanga lokhala ndi malupanga aŵiri. Kumbali ina, intaneti imapereka kuthekera koposa kwa zinthu za boma. Inayi, imafalikira [[FLT: 0] misformation , nthanthi zachiwembu, ndi kuwonjezera mkwiyo. Nzika zambiri sizimakhala ndi maluso a kuwerenga ofunikira kusanthula magwero, kuzindikira kukondera, ndi mfundo zosiyana ndi nthano. Kufufuza kwa mbiri yakale ya Maphunziro a [1] SStanford Aunigrouction [ kunapeza kuti sukulu yapakati, sukulu yapamwamba, ndi ophunzira ana a ku yunivesite nthaŵi zonse satha kusiyanitsa pakati pa nkhani zokondweretsa ndi zochirikizidwa. "kukonda kulemba mawu" ndi kuopsa kwakukulu kwa democracy.

Kupanda Ufulu wa Maphunziro

Si ophunzira onse amene ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba a anthu. Sukulu za m’madera olemera zili ndi mwaŵi waukulu wopereka maphunziro odzipereka a boma, timagulu ta makambitsirano, ndi magawo a boma, pamene kuli kwakuti masukulu okonzedwanso kaŵirikaŵiri alibe maprogramu ameneŵa. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kumayambitsa mpata wa Plaction, kumene ophunzira ochokera m'madera opatuka amalandira makonzedwe a kuthandizira kwa demokrase, kupititsa patsogolo kachitidwe ka kuimira ndi mphamvu zosalingana.

Luso Lothandiza Kuphunzira

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ambiri, zipangizo zamakono zimatithandiza kwambiri kuti tiphunzire kulemba ndi kulemba m’magulu, malinga ngati titayesetsa kuthana ndi mavuto amene angabwere chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mutu.

Njira Zophunzirira ndi Kuchita Chibwenzi pa Intaneti

Mabuku onga Center ya National Constitution’s Conftictive Constitution ndi zimapereka mapepala aulere, aunyinji kwa ophunzira ndi akulu. Mapulatifomu a m'mitengo angatheketsenso ntchito yachindunji yachisawawa: [[FLT:] Vote. org amathandiza nzika kulembetsa kuvota; yokwanira [[FLT:]] ndi zina zojambula. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena angalole ogwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi oimira. Olankhulana, poddia, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti kukulitsa chidziŵitso chawo.

Kulimbana ndi Nkhani Zolakwika Chifukwa Chophunzira Kuwerenga ndi Kuwerenga

Makampani ndi aphunzitsi a zaluso akuthandizana kwambiri ndi njira zodziŵira mawu. Mafaelo onga C3 Antchito ya Social Studies State Directs (kuchokera ku National Council for the Social Studies) kugogomezera kupenda umboni ndi kugamula. Chitsogozo chopindulitsa kuchokera ku mabungwe onga Projects Literacy Project ] Amaphunzitsa ophunzira kutsimikizira chidziŵitso pogwiritsa ntchito "kuŵerenga kwapasachedwa" . Masukulu ndi malaibulale angatsegule ameneŵa kulowa m'maluso awo a zapansi, akupatsa anthu mphamvu yoyendetsa ntchito malo a za makompyuta.

Kusamala

Luso la zopangapanga lokha silingathetse kusaphunzira kwa anthu. Malamulo amene amaika patsogolo kulinganiza bwino zinthu zolondola angakole ogwiritsira ntchito malo ochitira mawu. Ndiponso, kudalira pa zipangizo za magetsi kungasokoneze anthu amene alibe Intaneti yodalirika. Ndi vuto lalikulu makamaka m'midzi ndi anthu opeza bwino. Njira iliyonse yochokera ku luso la zopangapanga iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zoyesayesa za kutsekereza kugaŵanika kwa manambala [1] ndi kupititsa patsogolo zochita za anthu, monganso.

Kuphunzira Kutali ndi Moyo: Kudzipereka Kosasintha

Kuphunzira kumathandiza anthu onse kuzindikira kuti kuphunzira sikumalekeka.

Achinyamata (K-12)

Gwiritsirani ntchito, malangizo othandizirana amene amakulitsa chidziŵitso ndi maluso. Programu zonga Ife Anthu (kuchokera ku Center for Civic Education) chimafika pachimake m'makutu ongoyerekezera, kusonkhezera ophunzira kuphunzira mozama ndi kukulitsa luso la kulankhula ndi la kulingalira.

Ana Aang’ono (18-30)

Kufufuza kwa achinyamata amene anavota pa masankho oyamba kumasonyeza kuti achinyamata amene amavota pa nthawi yoyamba, akhoza kukhala odzisankhira.

Achikulire (30+)

Masukulu a maphunziro a boma, mapulogalamu a laibulale, ndi makirabu (m'chinga, Kiwanis, Rotary) amapereka njira zoti achikulire adziŵitsedwe. Mabungwe ambiri amaperekanso "Achikulire" malo ochitirako maphunziro monga kuloŵetsedwa m'masukulu, malamulo a msonkho, kapena malamulo osintha zinthu amene amakhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Agogo

Anthu achikulire amafunika kuthandizidwa kuti azitha kuvota pa Intaneti, m’malo osiyanasiyana, azitha kudziwa bwino njira zoonera zinthu, kuona zinyengo za Medicare, kapena kupezeka pamisonkhano ya boma.

Kumaliza: Kukonza Tsogolo Labwino

Kuwerenga ndi kulemba si chinthu chamwambo ayi. Popanda iko, nzika sizingakwanitse kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo, kukwaniritsa udindo wawo, kapena kukhala ndi mphamvu zowaŵerengera. Mavuto ake ndi enieni(kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu a sukulu, kutha kwa malo, kusocheretsedwa, ndi kusatha kwa zinthu.

Kuphunzira m’boma kumatanthauza:

  • Kugwiritsa ntchito kukwera kwa mlingo, maphunziro auniversity olingana m'chigawo chilichonse cha sukulu, kuyambira ku sukulu yanasale mpaka ku koleji.
  • Aphunzitsi ophunzitsa ndi maphunziro, chuma, ndi ufulu wa maphunziro kuloŵetsa ophunzira m'makambitsirano amphamvu, oyenera a nkhani zovuta.
  • Kuzindikira kuthekera kwa luso la zopangapanga pamene mukuletsa kuvulaza kwake [[FL:1] mwa maphunziro a foni ndi oulutsira mawu kwa misinkhu yonse.
  • Kuphatikiza pa kuphunzira kwa moyo wonse kuti nzika iliyonse, kaya ndi ya msinkhu kapena yamtundu wotani, ikhale ndi phande m’ntchito yopitiriza ya kudzilamulira.

Thanzi la demokrase yathu limadalira pa kuyesayesa kwaluso, kopitirizabe kulinga kwa nzika yodziŵa kuŵerenga ndi kuŵerenga. Monga momwe Thomas Jefferson analembera, "Sindikudziŵa bwino lomwe maulamuliro aakulu a chitaganya koma anthu iwo eni; ndipo ngati tiganiza kuti iwo sanawone mokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wawo mwanzeru, mankhwalawo safunikira kuwatenga, koma kudziŵitsa nzeru zawo mwa maphunziro. Mlanduwo udakali wofunika lerolino monga momwe unalili zaka mazana aŵiri zapitazo. Mwakuchitapo, sitingosunga choloŵa chathu cha demokrase koma timachilimbitsa kuti chikhale choloŵa cha democracy.