Table of Contents
Chiyambi: Kupotoza Maganizo Abwino pa Demokalase ya pa Dimokrase
M'nyengo yofotokozedwa mokhazikika ndi chidziŵitso chambiri . kuchokera ku kuulutsa nkhani ku makompyuta a mavairasi oulutsira nkhani za mavairasi . Luso la kulingalira moipa lasintha kuchoka ku luso lamaphunziro lothandiza kulowa pa chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha unzika yathayo. Nzika yamakono si kugula chidziŵitso wamba koma kukhala ndi phande lamphamvu m'zinthu zovuta zimene zimasiyanitsa chidziŵitso, mawu osokeretsa, ndi chidziŵitso chenicheni. Zotsatira za kulephera kupenda chidziŵitso mokhutiritsa nzakuya: kunyonyotsoka m'mabungwe, kukulitsa kwambiri societal Placentication, ndi zosankha zosazindikira pa nkhani zochokera ku utsogoleri wa anthu.
Kulingalira kopeketsa, monga momwe kwalongosoledwera ndi Kusuliza kwa Critical Thing , kuli njira yolangira ya kugwiritsa ntchito mokangalika ndi mwaluso, kugwiritsira ntchito, kupenda, kupenda chidziŵitso chosonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku kuwona, chidziŵitso, kusinkhasinkha, kapena kulingalira. Sikukhala kusuliza kapena kukayikira chirichonse; mmalo mwake, kuli ponena za kukhala wolingalira bwino ndi wanzeru. Nkhaniyi imapereka chitsogozo chomvekera bwino cha kukulitsa maluso ameneŵa, kupereka njira zothandiza kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi nzika iliyonse imene ikufuna kuwongolera chidziŵitso ndi kulongosola bwino ndi kulimba mtima.
Ntchito ya Maganizo Ovuta Popanga Chiŵalo cha Ukwati
Kutengamo mbali kwa boma kwamphamvu . Kukhoza kukhala kuvota, kufika ku maholo a tauni, kapena kukambitsirana pa Intaneti . Kulingalira koipa kumakhozetsa nzika kupyola pa kuchonderera kwa malingaliro ndi kulankhulitsana ndi zifuno zachisawawa.
Kupanga Zosankha Modziŵa
Popenda lamulo la wofunsirayo kapena njira yofufuzira, ofufuza nzeru samadalira mutu umodzi. Amapenda mfundo zomveka, amalingalira malingaliro ena, ndi kupenda zotsatirapo za nthaŵi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, wovotayo amene amapenda mosamalitsa makonzedwe a kusintha msonkho adzayang'ana kupenda ndalama zoyendera pazokha kuchokera ku mabungwe onga Policy Center [1], kuyerekezera ndi malingaliro ofananawo m’mayiko ena, ndipo amakayikira mmene amayendera ndi miyezo yawo ndi zinthu zofunika. Zimenezi zimasintha kusanthula kuchokera ku kachitidwe kadala.
Kukambitsirana Komanga Magawano
Kuganiza molakwika kumayambitsanso luso la kulankhula za anthu. Pamalo osiyana, cholinga cha kukambirana kaŵirikaŵiri chimasintha kuchoka pa kuzindikira ndi kupambana. Komabe, wofufuzayo amazindikira zinthu mwaluntha [1] Kukhoza kuyambitsa bwino maganizo otsutsana ndi ena asanaikepo. Kutero kumachepetsa kutetezera ndi kutsegula khomo la kukambirana kwenikweni. Kumalimbikitsa nzika kufunsa mafunso ofufuza: "Kodi pali umboni umene ungasinthe maganizo anu? kapena "Kodi pali chifukwa chake pali mfundo imeneyi? Mafunso ngati amenewa angayambitse?
Kuŵerengera Mphamvu
A nzika imene imalingalira molakwika ndiyo kuŵerengera atsogoleri ake. Pamene akuluakulu anena za kuchuluka kwa upandu, kukula kwa chuma, kapena zotsatira za maphunziro, anthu otonzedwa kwambiri adzafunsa za magwero a chidziŵitso, fufuzani mawu apatsogolo ndi apambuyo (m.g., chiŵerengero chonse cha nzika) ndi kufunafuna kutsimikizira kwaumwini. Kukhoza kupenda zinthu zenizeni zonena kuti mukugwiritsira ntchito chuma chosagawana chonga . FactCCCC. org kapena [[FLT:] POLIC] Fact kuli kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachiza kwaumwini kwa moyo wa anthu. Popanda luso limeneli, nzikazo zokhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kufalitsa mabodzanopeto.
Mbali za Maganizo Ovuta ndi Mmene Tingawachitire
Kumvetsa mbali iliyonse ya nzeruzo kumathandiza kuti munthu athe kuikulitsa mwadala.
Kufufuza: Kuthetsa Mikangano
Kufufuza kumaphatikizapo kudziŵa mfundo zazikulu, zifukwa zochirikiza, ndi mfundo zomveka m'nkhani iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, poŵerenga mzera wa malingaliro, wofufuza wosuliza adzasiyanitsa mawu a wolemba ndi umboni umene akupereka, ndiyeno kupenda ngati umboniwo umachirikizadi mfundozo. Kuyesa, yesani njira yachidule yolembedwa ndi kujambula ndi mawu omaliza pamwambapa, ndi zifukwa zochirikiza zimene zili pansipa, ndi malo alionse osoŵa olembedwa m’mabokosi.
Kupenda: Kupenda Kumene Kumachititsa Kuvunda
Si onse amene anapangidwa olingana. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kumaphatikizapo kupenda kudalirika, luso, ndi kukondera kwa gwero. Chida chachikulu cha zimenezi ndicho mayeso a CRAAP (Kufufuza, Relevance, Authority , Lixacy , Cholinga), opangidwa ndi akatswiri a yunivesite ya California State , Chico. Mwachitsanzo, pamene akupeza chiŵerengero cha katemera wokhudza katemera, wofufuzayo adzafufuza: Kodi gwerololo ndi magazini ya zachipatala yoonedwa ndi ausinkhu wake kapena ilo lodzipangira yekha? Kodi wolemba ali ndi umboni wofunika? Kodi luso limeneli ndilo makamaka m'nyengo ya AIA-gen, kumene kuli kokhutiritsa koma kopeka mosavuta?
Kusamala: Kufika pa mfundo zomveka
Kusintha ndiko njira ya kulingalira kuchokera ku umboni kufika kumapeto. Komabe, kumafuna kuzindikira za kusokonezeka kwa maganizo kumene kungapereke chithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi ma thyuros kuchititsa anthu kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa zochitika zochititsa chidwi chifukwa chakuti n’zosavuta kuzikumbukira. Kuwongolera, tsatirani "kutha kwa mathedwe": tchulani mfundo zonse zimene zingatheke zimene zingafikidwe moyenerera.
Kumasulira: Kufotokoza Momvekera Bwino Maganizo
Malingaliro osuliza kwambiri amawonongeka ngati satha kulankhulana. Kulinganiza kumafuna kumvekera bwino, kulondola, ndi kuonekera bwino kwa kalingaliridwe ka munthu. M'makambitsirano a anthu, zimenezi zimatanthauza kuti si kungonena zimene mumakhulupirira koma chifukwa chake. "Imachirikiza lamulo limeneli chifukwa limachepetsa mtengo wa zosamalira zanthaŵi yaitali malinga ndi kufufuza kwa bungwe la Commonwealth Fund, ndipo chifukwa chakuti limaika patsogolo chisamaliro chotetezera" n’chokopa kwambiri ndi chotsegukapo kusanthula osati chinthu chosavuta "Ili chinthu chabwino kuchita. Chitsanzirire mwa kulemba mwachidule, umboni wozikidwa pa zochitika zamakono za kutchula kwanu.
Kudzipenda ndi Kusinkhasinkha
Mwinamwake chinthu chovuta kwambiri ndicho kudziikira padera kwa munthuwe. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira zinthu zimene zimasokoneza maganizo, kukayikira zimene munthu akuganiza, ndi kukhala wofunitsitsa kukonzanso zikhulupiriro zake popanda umboni watsopano. Chizoloŵezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndicho kufunsa: "Kodi ndi mfundo zotani zimene ndapeza zimene zikutsutsa malingaliro anga omwe alipo? Kodi ndinazinyalanyaza mofulumira kwambiri?
Zoyesayesa Zothandiza Zopangira Maluso Olingalira Ovuta
Kuti munthu athe kukulitsa luso limeneli, amafunika kuchita khama, osati kungowerenga chabe.
Njira ya Utsogoleri Wachitukuko: Kufunsa Zonse
Njira ya Socratic, yotchulidwa ndi katswiri wachigiriki wakale, imaloŵetsamo kufunsa mafunso angapo ofufuza kuti avumbule zikhulupiriro zobisika ndi kusagwirizana kwanzeru. M'kalasi kapena pakati pa mabwenzi, yesani zotsatirazi:
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Kuphunzira Kuwerenga ndi Kuwerenga
Kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi kulemba ndi chinthu chachikulu kwambiri pa nyengo ya makompyuta. Chofunika kwambiri n’kufufuza nkhani zofanana ndi zimene zafalitsidwa ndi mapulojekiti atatu osiyanasiyana . Imodzi yotchuka, imodzi yokha, yamanja, ina ya kumanzere, ndiponso ngati n’zotheka, ndi buku lapadziko lonse. Funsani: Kodi mitu ya nkhani imasiyana bwanji? Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zimene zachotsedwa kapena kusiyidwa? Kodi ndi mawu ati amene amathandiza kuti munthu aziona mmene akumvera? Njira ina: Kuzindikira kuti "amene,, kuti, liti, chifukwa chiyani, ndiponso" ndi bwanji za manyuzipepala asanafike polankhula nawo. Kutumiza mauthenga ngati nkhani za m'manyuzipepala ya Guart kungathandizenso kuona kudalirika kwa munthu?
Kutsutsana ndi Kuona Zinthu Moyenera
Kutsutsana kwamphamvu n’kothandiza kwambiri kuti munthu ayambe kuganiza motsutsana chifukwa chakuti amakakamiza anthu amene akufufuza ndi kuteteza udindo umene sangakhale nawo. Komabe, kuona zinthu mwamwayi kungakhale kwamphamvu kwambiri. Pamene mukuwerenga nkhani yoyambitsa mkangano, lembani mfundo yachidule kuchokera ku zimene wolembayo akuona, ndiyeno lembani mawu otsutsa. Cholinga si kupambana koma kumvetsa mfundo za m’kati za malo alionse. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mukhale ndi nzeru zotha kuyang'anira nkhani zovuta.
Zomwe Zikuchitika Monga Chizoloŵezi
Musanagawana kapena kuchitapo kanthu pa mfundo yodabwitsa, fufuzani mfundo zachinsinsi. Gwiritsani ntchito malo apadera monga Snopes [mabodza a mavairasi, kapena kuti muone Chikalata chothetsera kutsutsa mfundo zabodza zandale. Kuphatikizapo, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zofufuzira zithunzi.
Kuloŵetsa Maganizo Osuliza m’Maphunziro Achibadwa
Ngakhale kuti zochita za munthu aliyense payekha n’zothandiza, kuphatikiza masukulu n’kothandiza kwambiri kuti maluso amenewa ayambe kuchitika mosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimenezi zatheka chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa maphunziro.
Kuphunzira Ntchito Yovuta
Maphunziro ozikidwa pa ntchito (PBL) angalinganizidwire kufunikira kusuliza molunjika. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la kusintha kwa nyengo lingachititse ophunzira kupenda malingaliro osiyanasiyana (msonkho wa carbon, capy-trade , ndi trade, kuyang'anira bwino lomwe) mwa kupenda chiyambukiro chawo chachuma, kupambana kwa malo okhala, ndi kusazindikira kwa ndale zadziko. Ophunzira ayenera kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso kuchokera ku magwero ambiri, kupima malonda, ndi kuchirikiza kuvomereza kwawo m'kutu woyerekezera. Ntchito ya mphunzitsi iri kufunsa mafunso a metacogaccuption, onga "Kodi mugwiritsira ntchito miyezo yotani? ndi "Inda yanji imene ikusoweka kuchokera ku miyambi yanu?"
Kupenda Nkhani Zotsutsana ndi Ana Mwa Zochitika Zamakono
Pulogalamu ya mlungu ndi mlungu ya "Argument Autopsy" ingakhale yogwira mtima kwambiri. Mlungu uliwonse, ophunzira amabweretsa malemba achidule (aapop, mawu andale, malo olankhulira a anthu) ndi kugwira ntchito mwa njira yolinganizidwa: zindikirani zonena, umboni, malumbiro, ndi zolakwika. Pambuyo pake, ophunzira amapanga mawu a mawu a ma ma ma maluwa (mphini, vuto lonama, munthu wachapa) amene amawathandiza kupeka m'kulankhulana kwenikweni kwa dziko. Masheya ochokera ku Kupeta Kwanu ndi kulakwa kwanu ndi kulakwa kwanu.
Kuphunzira Utumiki Kumene Kumafuna Kusinkhasinkha Kovuta
Maphunziro autumiki amaphatikizapo kugwirizana kwa chitaganya ndi maphunziro amaphunziro, koma ayenera kuphatikizapo kulingalira koyenera kuti apeŵe malingaliro owonjezereka. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa kudzipereka pa banki ya chakudya, ophunzira sayenera kungolongosola zokumana nazo zawo koma kupenda zinthu za dongosolo la kusoŵa kwa chakudya, kupenda kupambana kwa kuloŵerera m’zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndi kulingalira pa malingaliro awoawo ponena za umphaŵi. Kupereka malangizo otsogolera kutsimikizira kuti utumiki udzakhala maziko a kulingalira koipa mmalo mwa kungolingalira bwino.
Kugonjetsa Zopinga pa Kukula kwa Kulingalira Koipa
Ngakhale kuti pali zolinga zabwino, zopinga zingapo zingalepheretse kukulitsa kalingaliridwe kosuliza.
Kufufuza Zambiri
Ndi munthu wochuluka akumwa magigabyte 74 a chidziŵitso tsiku ndi tsiku, nkosavuta kumva ngati kuti walefulidwa. Njira yake si kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono koma kugwiritsa ntchito dala. Chitsatitsa cha maziko a magwero apamwamba opindulitsa kwambiri . Mwachitsanzo, NPR] NUR [AGUU . [ pa] nkhani zoyenerera, kapena wofufuza [[FLT:] chifukwa cha kusanthula mobwerezabwereza. Gwiritsani zipangizo zonga ngati RS kutsekera mfundo zimene zimakopa. Chosankha nthaŵi zenizeni za kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito nkhani m'malemba m’malo mwa kulola kuti zichedwe. Zimenezi zimachepetsa katundu ndi kupenda kwa m’maganizo.
Kuyang’anizana ndi Chitsimikiziro cha Bias
Kutsimikizira kukondera . Chikhoterero cha kufuna chidziŵitso chimene chimatsimikizira zikhulupiriro zomwe zilipo . Chiyeso chimodzi ndicho kudziika dala kuubwino wapamwamba, magwero odalirika kuchokera kumbali ina. Dzikalatani ku manyuzipepala kapena mapepala amene amaimira malingaliro osiyana (m.g:, Kukhoma, Kumanja, Kumanja kwa kapena Chikalata ). Pamene mukumana ndi nsonga imene imachirikiza malingaliro anu, funsani nthaŵi yomweyo: "Ndiko magwero odalirika amene amatsutsana?" Kupanga "malemba mawu a High'', kukhozanso kuthandiza; pamene musunga nkhani, yolimba.
Kuthetsa Malingaliro
Mitu yapamwamba ya kutengeka maganizo . Kutsatira lamulo lachiŵirili "10" musanayankhe ku mutu wankhani kapena ndemanga, pumani kwambiri ndi kuŵerengera mpaka khumi. Gwiritsani ntchito nthaŵiyi kufunsa kuti: "Kodi ndikulingalira kotani? Kodi chinenero chake n’chiyani? Kodi chikuthandiza?
Kuthetsa Vuto la Kusoŵa Maphunziro Apamwamba
Achikulire ambiri sanaphunzitsidwepo molunjika maganizo. Mwamwayi, sikumachedwa kuyamba. Makhosi ambiri aulere a pa Intaneti alipo, monga Yunivesite ya Queensland ya " Critical Thinking Skills for University Survice" profes projects pa EDX, kapena Yunivesite ya Michigan "Manjire Gain". Ngakhale kupatulira 20 mphindi paphunziro lolinganizidwa bwino kukhoza kuwongolera zinthu zazikulu. Kwa aphunzitsi, kuphatikiza zinthu zimenezi ndi luso laukatswiri kukhoza kutsimikizira kuti iwo aphunzitse maluso.
Mapeto ake: Kumanga Nzika Yoganiza
Kukula kwa maluso a kulingalira kosuliza sikuli kosangalatsa; kuli chitetezero chofunika ku kunyonyotsoka kwa chidziŵitso, ulamuliro wa democracy. M’nyengo imene malamulo a ndandanda angakulitse mabodza mofulumira kuposa mmene angawakonzere, kukhoza kupenda chidziŵitso mochenjera ndiko chiŵiya champhamvu koposa chimene nzika ili nacho. Kukhozetsa anthu kuchepetsa phokoso, kutsendereza, ndi kuthandizira moyenerera ku nkhani yapoyera.
Nkhani ino yafotokoza mfundo zazikulu za kulingalira kotsutsa, zopereka njira zothandiza kuti munthu apite patsogolo, ndi zopinga. Koma kukulitsa luso ndi ulendo wopitirizabe, osati malo ake. Nthaŵi iliyonse nzika ikafunsa ziŵerengero zokayikitsa, ikufuna magwero achiŵiri, kapena imachita makambitsirano aulemu ndi munthu amene sagwirizana naye, akulimbitsa nzeru za demokrase. Aphunzitsi, makolo, ndi atsogoleri a mudzi ali ndi udindo waukulu wopanga malo kumene maluso ameneŵa amafunidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwakutero, sitinadzikonzeketsera tokha koma ndi kumvetsetsa kwa mtsogolo kumene kukufunika kuti tithe kuwongolera zinthu za mbadwo wathu ndi kukulitsa ubongo wolingalira kwambiri, wogwirizana ndi anthu.