Nkhani za boma zimapereka maziko a malamulo othetsera mikangano imene siimaphatikizapo milandu. Kaya ndinu munthu woyang'anizana ndi mlandu wa kuvulala, mwini bizinesi amene akuyang'anizana ndi kuswa pangano, kapena banja losudzulana ndi nkhani za kusunga ana, kumvetsetsa mmene khoti lachiŵeniŵeni limagwira ntchito. Chitsogozochi chimapereka mafotokozedwe omveka bwino, operekera milandu yachiŵeniŵeni, ofunikira, ndi chidziŵitso chothandiza pa mtengo, umboni, ndi njira zina zopitira kukhoti. Pofika pomaliza, mudzakhala ndi mapu a zimene mukuyembekezera pamene mlandu wanu uloŵa m’dongosolo lachiŵeruzo.

Kodi Khoti Lachiŵeniŵeni N’chiyani?

Khoti la boma ndi khoti limene limathetsa mikangano pakati pa zipani za anthu, makampani, mabungwe a boma, kapena mabungwe ena. Kumene munthu amafuna malipiro kapena mankhwala ena othetsera mavuto oyambitsidwa ndi wina. Mosiyana ndi khoti la apandu, kumene boma limaweruza munthu chifukwa chophwanya lamulo ndi kufunafuna chilango, khoti la boma limayang'anira kuchotsa zolakwa zachinsinsi ndi kupereka chithandizo kwa gulu lovulazidwalo. Malamulo a boma amaphatikizapo kulipira ndalama, malamulo (malamulo a lamulo loletsa kapena kukakamiza zochita zinazake), kapena kulamula mlandu wonena za ufulu walamulo wa zigamu za zigawengazo.

Makhoti a boma amaweruza nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

  • Kukangana — pamene munthu alephera kuchita mogwirizana mwalamulo.
  • [[FULT:0] Kutsutsana [[[FULT:1] — kusagwirizana ponena za kukhala ndi mwini, malire, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito chuma chenicheni kapena chaumwini.
  • [[MMWI:0] Amanena kuti — kuvulala munthu, kuipitsa, kunyalanyaza, kapena zolakwa zina za boma zimene zimavulaza.
  • [[FL:0] Lamulo la banja nkhani [[[FL:1] — chisudzulo, kusunga ana, kuchirikiza mwana, ndi kulera ana.
  • Mikangano yothetsa — kutha kolakwika, tsankho, malipiro ndi kuswa kwa ola.
  • [[MFUNDO:0] Probate ndi nkhani za chuma [[[MFUNDO: 1] — idzapanga mipikisano, kudalirana.
  • imatsutsa ntchito — milandu yobweretsedwa ndi gulu la anthu odzinenera ofanana.

Kuzindikira ukulu wa khoti la boma kumakuthandizani kuzindikira kuti ndi mlandu wanji umene umagwira ntchito pa mkhalidwe wanu. Kuti mudziŵe zambiri pa milandu ya boma, onani United States Courts stative shopee [[FLT: 1].

Zimene Bwalo Lamilandu Lachiŵeniŵeni Linachita: Yendani Pamodzi

Ngakhale kuti milandu imakhala yosiyana ndi milandu ina iliyonse, milandu yambiri imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi ya anthu ena ndipo kudziwa mbali iliyonse kumakuthandizani kukonzekera ndiponso kuchepetsa kukayikira kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha kumangozenga mlandu.

Kudandaula

Apolisi amayamba pamene gulu lachiwonetsero libweretsa suti . mafailo alamulo otchedwa proplant ndi khoti. Kudandaula kumatchula zonena za m’malamulo, mfundo zochirikiza zonenazo, ndi chithandizocho chinafunidwa. Chifunika kukwaniritsa malamulo otsimikizirika, monga ngati kunena chochititsa chochita ndi mfundo zokwanira kulongosola. Kudandaula kumafunanso kulipira ndalama, zimene zimasintha ndi bwalo la milandu ndi mtundu; misonkho imapezeka kaamba ka zolandira zotsika.

Kuthandiza

Ataimbidwa mlandu, woimbidwa mlanduyo ayenera kudziŵitsa woimbidwa mlandu (chipanicho chikusutidwa) m’njira yovomerezedwa mwalamulo. Izi zimadziŵika monga nkhoswe ya ntchito [. Woimbidwa mlanduyo amalandira mafomu ndi kope la kudandaula, zimene zimawapatsa chidziŵitso chalamulo cha mlanduwo ndi nthaŵi yoti ayankhe. Utumiki woyenera ndi wofunika kutsimikizira kuti khoti liyang'anira mlandu; kulephera kutumikira molondola kungachedwetse mlanduwo kapena kuwachititsa kuchotsedwa.

Kuyankha

Ataperekedwa, woimbidwa mlanduyo amakhala ndi nthaŵi yochepa (monga masiku 21 mpaka 30) kutayika [[FLT: 0] pulopeti [1]. Yankho lingakhale la mitundu ingapo:

  • Kuyankha — kuvomereza kapena kukana zinenezo ndipo kungaphatikizepo chidzitetezero.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • qualium — woimbidwa mlanduyo akuneneza kuti akutsutsana ndi mtsogoleri.

Ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo alephera kuyankha, woyang’anira wansembeyo angapemphe khoti kuti apereke chiweruzo chosatsimikizika , chimene chimapatsa chithandizo chimene chapemphedwa.

Kutulukira

Kawirikawiri kutulukira zinthu zambiri ndi nthawi yaitali komanso ndi nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Anthu onsewa amasinthana mfundo zofunika ndi umboni kuti apange pulogalamu yawo. Zida zofufuzira ndi izi:

  • [[MFUNDO:0] Kudziwitsa [[FULT:1] — mafunso olembedwa amene ayenera kuyankhidwa pansi pa lumbiro.
  • Malo amodzi — umboni wa pakamwa wochitidwa asanazengedwe mlandu, ndi maloya a mbali zonse ziŵiri omwe alipo.
  • Mapangano kaamba ka kupangidwa [ — amafuna zikalata, ma email, mapangano, zolembera za mankhwala, ndi zina zotero.
  • Mafunsidwe kaamba ka kuvomereza — mawu amene wotsutsayo ayenera kuvomereza kapena kukana, kuchepetsa nkhani za kuimbidwa mlandu.

Khotilo lingapereke zilolezo ngati chipani cha anthu sichitsatira malamulo amene atulukira.

5. Kuyenda kwa Malonda

Kuzenga mlandu kusanayambe, mbali zonse ziŵiri zingapereke mchitidwe wa milandu kuthetsera nkhani za lamulo kapena ngakhale kumaliza mlanduwo. Zochitika wamba zikuphatikizapo:

  • . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • [[ML:0] Motion in limine[[FL:1] , ipempha khoti kuchotsapo umboni wina kuti usaperekedwe pozenga mlandu.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kungochita zinthu mwa njira inayake pa nthawi ya mayeso kungasinthe kwambiri njira yoperekera mlandu, ndipo nthaŵi zina kungathetseretu kufunika kwa mlandu.

6. Kuzenga Mlandu

Ngati mlanduwo sunathetsedwe mwa kuukonza, mlanduwo umaperekedwa ku mlandu. M’kuzenga mlandu kwa boma, woweruza amagamula mfundo ndi lamulo. M’kuweruza kwa ajuli, gulu la nzika limasankha mfundo zake, ndipo woweruzayo amagwiritsira ntchito lamulolo.

  1. [[MFUNDO:0] mawu otsegulira [[FL:1] — mbali iliyonse imandandalika zimene akufuna kutsimikizira.
  2. Coliptiff’s cho 'post' .
  3. Chochitika cha DEffentant [[FL:1] ] — chimapereka umboni wake ndi mboni; ma flacttiff mtanda-examine.
  4. Zigomeko zofotokoza mfundo [[FL:1] — mbali iliyonse imafupikitsa umboni ndi kutsimikizira chigamulo.
  5. Malangizo omveka bwino — woweruza akufotokoza lamulo la ajuli ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
  6. Kupereka chigamulo ndi chigamulo — oweruza afikira chigamulo, kapena woweruza akulengeza zopezedwa m’kuzenga mlandu pa benchi.

7. Chiweruzo

Pambuyo pa chigamulo, khotilo limaloŵa m'chiweruzo chonena chotulukapo ndi mpumulo uliwonse woperekedwa. Chiweruzo chingaphatikizepo zowonongedwa za ndalama, kuchepetsa, kapena kuchotsapo. Kupambana chiweruzo sikumatsimikizira malipiro dala; gulu lolakika lingafunikire kuchita masitepe owonjezereka kuti lipereke thandizolo (Taonani “Kodi Chimachitika Nchiyani Pambuyo pa Chiweruzo? pansipa).

Muzipempha

Chipani cholepheracho chiri ndi kuyenera kwa kwa kuweruza kwa khoti lapamwamba. Zipilo sizikuchitikanso; khoti la khoti limapenda mbiri ya zolakwa za lamulo , monga chitsanzo, malangizo olakwika a ajuli, kuvomereza kosayenera, kapena kulingaliridwa molakwa kwa lamulo. Khoti la appellate lingatsimikizire, kubwerera kumbuyo, kapena kubwezera mlanduwo. Chipempho chingakhale chokwera mtengo ndi cha nthaŵi, chotero kaŵirikaŵiri chimachitidwa pamene zolakwa zazikulu za lamulo zipezeka.

Oseŵera Ofunika Kwambiri m’Kupita Patsogolo kwa Anthu

Kumvetsa udindo wa aliyense amene ali ndi mbali kumakuthandizani kudziwa mmene angachitire zinthu ndiponso kulankhulana bwino ndi gulu lanu la zamalamulo.

  • Plaintiff — chipani chimene chimayambitsa mlandu. Mtsogoleri wa milandu ali ndi thayo la kutsimikizira zonena zawo mwa kusinkhasinkha umboni (mwachidziŵikire osati kusakhala).
  • Difentant [[FLT :1] . Chipani chikhoza kuimbidwa mlandu. Woimbidwa mlandu angadzutse chitetezo, mafaira otsutsana, kapena madendesi opinga.
  • Woweruza — amayang'anira nkhani, malamulo a mchitidwe walamulo, amayang'anira kuzenga mlandu, ndi kutsimikizira ntchito yoyenerera. Pozenga benchi, woweruza amachitanso monga wopeza.
  • Jury [1] — m'milandu ya ajuli, 6 mpaka 12 nzika za nzika za boma zimamva umboni ndi kutsimikizira mfundo zotsutsana. Chiweruzo chawo sichifunikira kugwirizana pokhapo ngati malamulo akumaloko afuna zimenezo; maulamuliro ambiri amalola kutchuka kwapamwamba kapena chigamulo chachisawawa m’nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni.
  • Attney — oimira alamulo amene amachirikiza makasitomala awo. Oimira a boma angasankhe kudziimira okha (pro se), koma kuvuta kwa malamulo ndi kutulukira kumapanga kuimira kwaukatswiri.
  • Antchito a ku khoti [[FLT: 0] — alembi amayang'anira mapepala, ndandanda, ndi marekodi a milandu; atolankhani a khoti amapanga zikalata zalamulo.

Mitundu ya Milandu ya Chiŵeniŵeni Yolembedwa Mwatsatanetsatane

Ngakhale kuti milandu ikuluikulu njozoloŵereka, mlandu uliwonse uli ndi miyezo yakeyake yalamulo ndi njira zake.

Mikangano Yotsutsana

Nkhani zogwirizana zimabuka pamene munthu wina walephera kuchita mogwirizana ndi pangano. Wolemba mlanduyo ayenera kutsimikizira: (1) pangano lotsimikizirika linalipo, (2) woimbidwa mlandu anaswa panganolo, ndi (3) kuswa chiwopsezo chochititsidwa ndi kuwonongeka. Mamenti angaphatikizepo zowonongeka, kuchita kwake kwenikweni (kukakamiza chigaŵenga kukwaniritsa panganolo), kapena kubwezeretsa panganolo (kukhazikitsa pangano ndi kubwezeretsa maguluwo ku malo awo oyambirira).

Kuvulaza Kwaumwini (Tort) Kumanena

Tort amanena kuti ndi zinthu zimene zimawononga anthu. Zofala kwambiri ndi kusasamala, kufuna umboni wa ntchito, kuswa, kuwonongeka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo ngozi za galimoto, zochitika zapansi ndi patsoka, kusagwira ntchito bwino ntchito, ndi kulephera kugula zinthu. Zonga kuukira, kuipitsa betri, kuipitsa, ndi chinyengo, zitsimikizo zakuti woimbidwa mlanduyo anachita dala. Zilango zingaperekedwe m’zoipa kwambiri kuti alange khalidwe loipa.

Lamulo la Banja Nlofunika

Khoti limathandiza kusudzulana, kusunga ana, kuchirikizana, ndi kulera ana. Nkhani zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo nkhani za malingaliro ndipo zimalamulidwa ndi malamulo a boma. Makhoti ambiri abanja amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa mikangano ndi kufikira makonzedwe ovomerezeka.

Mikangano ya Ntchito

Kutsutsa ntchito kumaphatikizapo kutha kolakwika, kuvutitsa, tsankho (lozikidwa pa fuko, ukazi, msinkhu, kupunduka, ndi kuswa malipiro ndi maola. Malamulo a Federal onga ngati Thit VII of the Civil Rights Act, Americas Okhala ndi Chilango cha Kupunduka, ndi Fair Labor Standard Act imapanga ufulu umene antchito angausungitse m'khoti. Nkhani zambiri zantchito zimafuna kudandaula ndi EEOC mlandu usanathe.

Kumvetsa Mavuto a Kufalitsa Mabodza a Anthu Ena

Kudziwa zinthu zikuluzikulu zimene zimawononga ndalama kungakuthandizeni kuti muthe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mwanzeru ndiponso kusankha zochita mwanzeru pankhani inayake.

  • Ndalama za kulira — zosiyana ndi khoti; zimayembekezera $100-500 kukonza chidandaulo m'khoti, ndipo $400+ m’khoti la boma. Mapikipi a maviliti a mabwinja a boma alipo.
  • Malipoti a Attorney [[FL:1] — maloya amalipira kwambiri ndi ola ($150-$1,000 + pa ola kudalira pa malo ndi ukatswiri) kapena kugwira ntchito pa maziko oyenerera (kutenga chigawo cha kuchira, kaŵirikaŵiri 33-40% m'zochitika za kuvulala). Maloya ena abanja amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zotsala pa nkhani zosafufuzidwa.
  • Ndalama zaumboni — akatswiri m'minda yonga mankhwala, uinjiniya, kapena ndalama angagulitse $200,500 pa ola limodzi kaamba ka umboni ndi kukonzekera.
  • Ndalama zopimira — kuphatikizapo ndalama zosungidwa za khoti la mtolankhani (magawo khumi patsiku), kukopa, kupenda mapulogalamu a pulogalamu, ndi ndalama zoyendera.
  • Ndalama zowonongedwa — zingaphatikizepo ndalama za ajuli, zisonyezero za mlandu, zikalata zochitira umboni, ndi mtolankhani wa khoti lamilandu la mtengo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
  • Ndalama zowonongedwa [ , kukonza zolembedwa, kukonza mifuno, ndi kutsutsana kwapakamwa kumawonjezera chiwonkhetso chonse.

Kuti muthe kulinganiza ndalama, lingalirani makambitsirano oyambirira a kukambirana, mapangano ochepera opezedwa, kapena chigamulo cha mkangano. Kuti mupeze zambiri ponena za kuyendetsa ndalama zowonongedwa, funsani zinthu zonga [[FLT: 0] Nolo yotsogolera ku milandu ya boma.

Kulimbana Kosiyana Kothetsa Vuto (ADR)

Makhoti amalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuti azithetsa nkhani zawo pogwiritsa ntchito ADR, zimene zingawathandize kusunga nthaŵi, ndalama, ndi kuteteza ubwenzi wawo.

  • Kugwirizana — mbali yachitatu yosaloŵerera (mkhalapakati) imatheketsa kukambitsirana. Mkhalapakati sasankha mlanduwo koma amathandiza anthu kupeza malo amodzi. Mediation ndi yosagwirizana pokhapo ngati chipangano chafikiridwa ndi kusainidwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuletsa [1] — woyang’anira wosaloŵerera akumva umboni ndi kupereka chigamulo chokakamiza (ndi chokhoza kusungidwa, ndi ufulu wopitirizidwa wochepa). Mapangano ambiri amafuna kuperekedwa ku khoti. Kuletsa kumafulumira ndi kwachinsinsi kuposa khoti.
  • [[NT.0] Kusintha [1] [[FT:1] — mapwando (kaŵirikaŵiri kudzera mwa uphungu) amakambitsirana za malo enieni. Kulankhulana kukhoza kuchitika panthaŵi iliyonse, ngakhale panthaŵi ya kuzenga mlandu.

ADR ingathetse mikangano m'miyezi yochepa mmalo mwa zaka. American Bar Association’s Language of Dispute Resolution [[FLT: 1] imapereka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka pa njira zimenezi.

Umboni Wokhudza Nkhani za Anthu

Umboni ndi maziko a mlandu uliwonse wa anthu. Kuti chipani chipambane, chiyenera kupereka umboni wokwanira wochirikiza zimene amanena kapena zinsinsi zawo. Umboni umaikidwa m’magulu angapo:

  • Umboni wa kuŵerengera — mawu olumbira ochokera kwa mboni, zipani, kapena akatswiri panthaŵi ya kuweruza kapena kuzenga mlandu.
  • Umboni wa m'Chikalata — mapangano, ma email, zolembedwa za zamankhwala, invoisi, zithunzi, ndi mavidiyo.
  • Umboni wa kuthambo — zinthu zooneka monga chinthu chowonongeka kapena chidutswa cha makina.
  • Umboni wosonyeza [[FL:1] — matchati, zithunzi, mayeso, kapena maprogramu ogwiritsiridwa ntchito kulongosola nsonga zovuta kwa oweruza.

Malamulo a umboni amalamulira zimene zingavomerezedwe. Foresay (mawu apamwamba) operekedwa kaamba ka chowonadi cha nkhaniyo samaloledwa mwachisawawa kusiyapo ngati akugwira ntchito. Loya waluso amadziŵa kuyambitsa umboni mogwira mtima ndi kutsutsa umboni wosayenera wa mbali inayo.

Mtolo wa Umboni M’milandu ya Chiŵeniŵeni

Pankhani za boma, wofufuzayo ali ndi thayo la kutsimikizira mlandu wake ndi kusinkhasinkha za umboni . Zimenezi zikutanthauza umboni uyenera kusonyeza kuti matembenuzidwe a zochitika za mtolankhaniyo ali oona kwambiri kuposa (oposa 50%). Imeneyi ndi njira yotsika kwambiri kuposa malamulo aupandu a “kukayikira koyenera. [1] M'nkhani zina zapadera zophatikizapo chinyengo kapena ziwonongeko [1] Makhoti ena angagwiritse ntchito“ umboni womveka ndi wokhutiritsa , umene uli woposa muyezo woyambirira koma wotsika kuposa muyezo waupandu.

Kudziwa Zofooka

Kudzinenera kwa boma kulikonse kuli ndi malire a nthaŵi imene mlandu uyenera kuikidwa, wodziŵika monga [[FLT: 0] wozindikira zolephera . Ngati mtsogoleri wa boma aphonya nthaŵi, kunenera kwake kumaletsedwa kosatha. Nthaŵi imasiyana ndi ulamuliro ndi mtundu wa mlandu:

  • Kuvulala: Mwachisawawa zaka 1 -4 kuyambira pamene munthu wavulala.
  • Kuthetsa mikangano: Zaka 3 -6 kuchokera pa chigwegwedecho.
  • Kuchimwa: kaŵirikaŵiri zaka 1 -2.
  • Kuba: Mungayambe pa tsiku limene chinyengocho chinapezeka.

Zosiyana (monga ngati “lamulo lachinsinsi” m'zosagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino) zingafutukule nthaŵi yamapeto. Nthaŵi zonse funsani loya nthaŵi zonse kuti mupeŵe kutaya kuyenera kwanu kwa kusuta. Kaamba ka kufutukulidwa kwa malire a boma, onani thanki yotsogolera za boma.

Kodi Chimachitika Nchiyani Pambuyo pa Chiweruzo?

Kupambana chiŵeruzo sikumalonjeza malipiro a mwamsanga. Wopereka chikole amakhala wobwereka chiŵeruzo, ndipo woimbidwa mlanduyo ali ndi ngongole. ngati wobwereketsayo sabweza modzifunira, wobwereka ngongoleyo angatenge kachitidwe kosungitsa, kuphatikizapo:

  • Ndalama za jambulidwa [1] — lamulo la khoti lofuna kuti bwana wa ngongole achotse gawo la malipiro ndi kutumiza kwa wobwereka.
  • Akhawunti ya kampani levy [1] — khoti limavomereza kulanda ndalama za wokongolayo kuchokera ku akaunti ya ku banki.
  • [[MLT:0] Kunyenga [ — chiweruzo chimaikidwa pa chuma chenicheni cha wokongolayo, kuletsa kugulitsa popanda kulipirira ngongoleyo.
  • Kugwidwa ndi mazira [[FL:1] — m'nkhani zowopsya, khoti lingalole mkulu wa boma kulanda ndi kugulitsa katundu wosalandidwa.

Malamulo a boma amakakamiza anthu ndipo angachepetsedwe ndi kusaloledwa (mwachitsanzo, gawo la malipiro, malo ogona, maakaunti a kupuma pantchito). Chiweruzocho chimachititsa kuti anthu afune kuchitapo kanthu pamlingo wotsatira malamulo mpaka atalandira malipiro.

Kumaliza

Kuweruza kwa boma kuli njira yolinganizidwa, yozikidwa pa malamulo yothetsera mikangano yaumwini. Kudandaula koyamba mwa kutulukira, kuzenga mlandu, ndi kukopa, kalasi iliyonse imafuna kukonzekera kosamalitsa ndi kupanga zosankha zanzeru. Kaya mukulingalira zozengezera mlandu kapena kutetezera wina, kuzindikira njira, mtengo, ndi njira zina zokhalira ndi mphamvu ya kupanga zosankha zachidziŵitso. Pamene kuli kwakuti chitsogozo chimenechi chimakutsogolerani pa mfundo zofunika, nthaŵi zonse kufunafuna uphungu walamulo kwa loya woyenerera kaamba ka mkhalidwe wanu.