Kumvetsa Khoti: Chitsogozo cha Nzika cha Kumanga ndi Kutsutsa

Malamulo ku United States amagwira ntchito m’miyezo yosiyanasiyana, iriyonse yokhala ndi mathayo osiyana. Kudziŵa mmene makhoti ameneŵa amalinganizidwira kumathandizira nzika kudziŵa kumene mlandu wawo udzamvedwa ndi malamulo amene adzatsatira. Dongosololo limagawidwa mokulira m’makhoti a boma ndi makhoti a boma, ndi magaŵano owonjezereka mkati mwa lirilonse.

Makhoti a Boma aletsa

Makhoti a m'maboma amasamalira milandu yokhudza lamulo la boma, nkhani za malamulo, mikangano pakati pa maboma, ndi milandu ya pakati pa United States. Amamvanso milandu yokhudzana ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana(malamulo) pakati pa nzika zosiyanasiyana kumene ndalama zokangana zipitirira $75,000. Dongosolo la boma limaphatikizapo makhoti 94 a boma (mlingo wa milandu), makhoti 13 a m'madera a apilo (mlingo wa kuperekedwa kwa boma), ndi Khoti Lapamwamba la United States.

Makhoti adziko ayang'anira nkhani zambiri za lamulo, kuphatikizapo milandu ya upandu, lamulo la banja, mapangano, kuvulala kwa munthu, ndi mikangano ya malo. Boma lililonse lili ndi udindo wake: makhoti (kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa aakulu, dera, kapena makhoti achigawo), makhoti apakati, ndi bwalo lamilandu lalikulu la boma. Maboma ena ali ndi makhoti apadera monga zinenezo zazing'ono, za pamsewu, kapena makhoti a banja.

Kuzindikira kuti ndi khoti liti limene lili ndi ulamuliro pamlandu wanu n’lovuta. Kupitira ku khoti lolakwa kungachedwetse kapena kuthamangitse. Kuti mudziŵe zambiri zokhudza khoti la boma, pitani pawebusaiti yalamulo ya ya ku United States.

Kuzenga Milandu, Kuzenga Milandu, ndi Makhoti Apamwamba

  • Makhoti a Chigamulo: Pamene milandu iyamba. Umboni umaperekedwa, mboni, ndi makhoti kapena oweruza amapereka zigamulo. Makhoti ameneŵa nthaŵi zina amatchedwa makhoti a zochitika zoyambirira.
  • Khoti: Iwo amapenda zigamulo za khoti za milandu yolakwa. Palibe umboni watsopano waperekedwa; maloya akutsutsana ponena za ngati lamulo linagwiritsiridwa ntchito molondola.
  • Makhoti apamwamba: Khoti lapamwamba koposa m'boma. Zimamva zikalata za kuchonderera pa mafunso aakulu a zamalamulo ndi zigamulo zawo zokhazikitsa chitsanzo chogwirizana kwa makhoti aang'ono.

Mwachitsanzo, mlandu umayambira m’khoti lozenga mlandu; ngati woimbidwa mlandu waimbidwa mlandu, angaimbe mlandu ku khoti lapakati, ndipo mwinamwake ku bwalo lalikulu lamilandu la boma kapena ngakhale khoti Lapamwamba la United States pa maziko a lamulo.

Otengamo mbali Pakhoti

Kumvetsa ntchito zimenezi kumathandiza nzika kudziŵa amene ayenera kuweruza mlanduwo ndiponso zimene ayenera kuyembekezera pa nthawi ya mlanduwo.

Woweruza

Woweruza amaweruza milandu ya m’mabwalo a milandu, ndipo amaonetsetsa kuti milandu ya m’khotiyo ikutsatiridwa ndi malamulo, amalangiza oweruza milandu, ndiponso amaweruza milandu ya m’mabwalo (palibe komiti yoweruza milandu), ndipo amagamulanso mfundoyo.

Malowera (Attorney)

Oweruza amaimira zipanizo . (amene amalemba milandu), oimbidwa mlandu, kapena boma pa milandu yaupandu. Amapereka umboni, kutsutsana, kupenda mboni, ndi kulangiza makasitomala awo pa njira yalamulo. Mambali onse aŵiri ali ndi ufulu woimirana ndi lamulo; ngati woimbidwa mlandu satha kulipira loya pamlandu, munthu ayenera kuikidwa (wotetezera poyera).

Jury

M’nkhani za apandu, chiweruzo chiyenera kukhala chogwirizana (pankhani za boma zopanda lamulo). Pankhani zachiŵeniŵeni, chiŵerengero cha oweruza ndi zofunikira zosayenera. Kutumikira pa oweruza kuli ntchito ya boma, ndipo nzika zimasankhidwa mwalamulo pa ndandanda ya logamu ya loga kapena laisensi ya oyendetsa galimoto.

Wochirikiza ndi Wonyenga

  • Defantint : Munthu kapena gulu loimbidwa mlandu wa kuchita cholakwa. M'nkhani yaupandu, woimbidwa mlanduyo abweretsedwa ndi boma; m'nkhani ya boma, iwo akuimbidwa mlandu.
  • Plaintiff: Chipani chimene chimayambitsa mlandu (milandu) kapena boma m'milandu yaupandu (kaŵirikaŵiri yotchedwa mlandu). Mlandu wa tchalitchicho amanyamula umboni [1] Kusonyeza mwa kupenda umboni (chivil) kapena mosakaikira kwenikweni kuti woimbidwa mlandu ali wolakwa kapena wolakwa.

Antchito Ena a m’Makhoti

  • Kazembe wa Khoti: Amayang'anira zolembedwa za khoti, mandandanda a milandu, ndi kulandira mapepala.
  • [[MTL:0] : Amasunga lamulo m'khoti, ozembedwa, ndi osamalira ajuli.
  • Courtant Reporter: imapanga mawu ongofotokoza zochitika.
  • Mboni: [ Anthu amene amachitira umboni molumbira ponena za maumboni ogwirizana ndi nkhaniyo.

Zimene Bwalo Lamilandu Linachita: Njira Yolongosoka

Pachikalata choyamba mpaka pa chikalata chomaliza, pabwalo la milandu pamakhala mfundo zofunikira ndiponso nthawi.

Kudandaula Kapena Kulipira

Milandu yachiŵeniŵeni iyamba pamene woweruza milandu atsekera mlandu ndi khoti, akutchula mfundo ndi maziko a lamulo a mlanduwo. Malamulo amaperekedwa kudziŵitsa woimbidwa mlandu. Mlandu waupandu, mafaelo a boma amaimba mlandu (mwa juli yaikulu) kapena dandaulo laupandu, lotsatiridwa ndi chilolezo cha kumangidwa kapena kuitanidwa. Woimbidwa mlanduyo amapatsidwa mwalamulo ndipo amapemphedwa kuloŵa m’khoti (kulakwa, osati mlandu, kapena kupikisana).

Zimene Msilikaliyo Anacita

Ataperekedwa, woimbidwa mlanduyo ayenera kulemba yankho mkati mwa nthaŵi yoikika (kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 20-30). Chivomerezo chingavomereze kapena kukana zinenezo, kukweza zitetezero, kapena kutsutsa mafaelo. Ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo alephera kuyankha, chiweruzo chotsimikizirika chingafikire pa iwo.

Kutulukira

Kufufuza ndi njira imene anthu onse aŵiri amafotokozerana zinthu ndi kupeza umboni.

  • [[FULT:0] Kudziwitsa: mafunso olembedwa anayankha pansi pa lumbiro.
  • [[ML:0] Malonsi: [ Umboni wa Mawu wotengedwa mlandu usanazengedwe, ndi maloya alipo.
  • Mapangano kaamba ka Kutulutsa: Zofunidwa kaamba ka zikalata, ma email, kapena marekodi ena.
  • Mapangano kaamba ka Kuvomereza: Mawu amene mmodzi wa gulu lina akupempha wina kuvomereza kapena kukana.

Kufufuza zinthu zimenezi kungatenge miyezi yambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumathandiza kuti munthu asadzidzimuke akaweruzidwa ndipo kungamuthandize kuthetsa vutolo.

4. Kuyenda Pasadakhale

Asanazenge mlandu, mamembala angalembe mchitidwe wamwambo kulongosola nkhani za lamulo.

  • Kuchotsa: [[FT:1] Ague kuti mlanduwo ulibe maziko a lamulo.
  • Motion ya Chigamulo cha Chidule: imafunsa khoti kugamula mlandu wozikidwa pa nsonga zosatsutsika, kupeŵa kuzenga mlandu.
  • Motion mu Limine: imafuna kuchotsa umboni wina wosaperekedwa pozenga mlandu.

Woweruzayo akupereka mlandu pa nkhani zongopeka zimenezi ndipo nkhanizo zikulamulira.

5. Kuzenga Mlandu

Kuzenga mlandu ndiko chimake cha ntchitoyo. M'kuweruza kwa ajuli, oweruza amasankhidwa kudzera mu [[FLT: 0] chivoir [1] (kufunsa ndi maloya). Njirayo imatsatira dongosolo lapadera:

  1. [[FUL:0] Mfundo zotseguka: [ Mbali iliyonse imandandalika nkhani yawo.
  2. Mlandu wa Plaintiff / Prosecutition: Umboni ndi mafoni mboni. Kuteteza kungawoloke-examine.
  3. Nkhani ya Difense: Woimbidwa mlanduyo akupereka umboni ndi mboni. Plattiff angawoloke-examine.
  4. Kulongosola mawu: Mbali iliyonse imafupikitsa mawu awo.
  5. [[MFUNDO:0] Malangizo: Woweruza afotokozera ajuli lamulo lokhudzana ndi lamulolo.
  6. Dielebation ndi Verct: Court ifika ku chigamulo, chimene chimalengezedwa m’khoti.

M’kuzenga mlandu pa benchi, woweruzayo amachita mbali yopeza zenizeni.

6. Chigamulo ndi Chiweruzo

Pamilandu yachiŵeruzo, woweruza amaweruza milandu yachiŵeruzo, chilango chingawononge kapena kuchepetsa ufulu (monga lamulo). M’milandu yaupandu, woweruza amapereka chilango, chimene chimaphatikizapo nthaŵi ya ndende, kulipira, kulangidwa, kapena kubwezera. Kubwezera kungakhale kochitika mwamsanga kapena pambuyo pa mlandu wa wina.

Kukopa

Chipani chimene chimalephera pa mlandu chingapereke apilo ku khoti lapamwamba. Zipilo sizili milandu; zimapenda ngati khoti lamilandu linachita zolakwa zalamulo zimene zinayambukira chotulukapo. Mafaelo a apulanelle amapanga zolakwa zachidule zotsutsana, ndipo apulonete amafaka yankho. Khoti la appellate lingatsimikizire, kubwerera kumbuyo, kapena kubwerera (kubwezera mlandu watsopano). Kupinga kungatenge miyezi yambiri. Kuyang'ana mozama pa kachitidwe ka apulote, onani [[FLT: 0] Methodian Bar Office as pa zikalata zochonderera .

Njira Zina Zoloŵera ku Khoti: Kuvomereza ndi Kulamula

Nkhani zambiri zimathetsedwa mwa njira zina zothetsera mkangano, zimene zingachepetse nthaŵi ndi ndalama.

Kusintha

Pankhani zaunyinji, mbali yachitatu (mkhalapakati) imathandiza anthu kukambirana modzifunira. Mkhalapakati sasankha nkhaniyo koma amapeputsa kulankhulana. Kulankhulana ndi chinsinsi ndipo kulibe kugwirizanitsa madera omwe angapitebe kukhoti ngati sagwirizana.

Kusintha kwa Malamulo

Ku pulogalamu ya kutumiza anthu kudziko lina, woyang'anira malo akumva umboni ndi kumasulira chosankha chomangirira kapena chosagwirizanitsa, mogwirizana ndi pangano. Kusintha kumafulumira kwambiri kuposa kuzenga mlandu ndipo si kovomerezeka, koma ufulu wa kufunsira ndi wochepa. Mapangano ambiri amaphatikizapo pepala lokakamiza.

Ponse paŵiri kuvomerezana ndi kuweruza kumagwiritsiridwa ntchito m’mikangano yachiŵeniŵeni, milandu ya lamulo m’banja, ndipo ngakhale maprogramu ena aupandu oletsa kusuta. Nzika ziyenera kulingalira za zosankha zimenezi zisanaike ku mlandu wokwanira.

Mawu Ofala Alamulo Ayenera Kudziŵika kwa Nzika Zonse

Kudziŵa bwino mawu ochepa chabe kungakuthandizeni kukambirana ndi loya wanu.

  • Affidavit: Chikalata chija cholumbira pamaso pa ofesi ya anthu otchuka kapena loya, yogwiritsiridwa ntchito monga umboni.
  • Umboni: Udindo wa kutsimikizira milandu. M'milandu yaupandu, imakhala “kuposa kukaikira koyenera”; m'nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni,“ kusinkhasinkha umboni.
  • Subpoena: Lamulo la khoti lofuna munthu kupereka umboni kapena kupanga zikalata; kunyalanyaza ilo kungatulukepo kunyozedwa.
  • Kugwirizana: Kuthetsa mkangano popanda mlandu. Malo kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo kulipirira ndalama kapena zinthu zina.
  • Litigation : Njira yonse ya kuweruza mlandu m'khoti.
  • Kuzindikira malire: Nthaŵi yoikidwira kuweruza milandu. Upandu ndi kutsata kwa boma kwasinthana.
  • Kufufuza: Chigawo cha pulogalamu yapasadakhale kumene zipani zimapatsana umboni ndi chidziŵitso.
  • HAbeas Corpus: Mlandu wa lamulo wotsutsa kumangidwa kosakhala kwa lamulo; kumafunikira boma kulungamitsa kuikidwa m’ndende.
  • [[FULT:0] Project Bono: [[FULT:1] mautumiki alamulo operekedwa kwaulere ndi maloya.
  • Kusintha Fee: Makonzedwe a malipiro kumene loya amalandira chigawo cha kugamulidwa kapena mphotho kokha ngati wapambana mlanduwo.

Kaamba ka mathengidwe omvekera bwino, chezerani U.S. khoti la kulongosola kwa mawu alamulo [[FLT: 1].

Zimene Nzika Ziyenera Kuyembekezera Popita ku Khoti

Mfundo zothandiza kwambiri ndi zimene anthu amene sadziwa bwino za milandu ayenera kuchita.

Pamaso pa Tsiku Lanu la Bwalo Lamilandu

  • Thoko kapena kukumana ndi loya: Ngati simungathe kugula imodzi, fufuzani chithandizo chalamulo kapena wotetezera wapoyera (milandu yachiŵembu yokha).
  • Zolemba: Abweretsa mapangano alionse oyenerera, malisiti, maemail, zithunzithunzi, kapena umboni wina.
  • Zovala za Mabizinesi moyenerera: Zovala za kachepe zimasonyeza ulemu wa khoti.
  • Kufulumira kwambiri: Lolani nthaŵi yowonjezereka ya kupima chitetezo ndi kupeza nyumba ya khoti.

Mkati mwa Kumva

  • [[FLT: 0] Yima pamene woweruza aloŵa: Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha ulemu; beliff idzalengeza woweruza.
  • [[FL:0] Adilesi woweruza monga “Ulemu Wanu.”
  • Kambani bwino ndipo kokha pamene ili nthaŵi yanu. Musadule.
  • Chenjerani ndi lamulo la “palibe foni ya m’manja”: [[FL:1] Makhoti ambiri amaletsa kujambula, kujambula, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito telefoni.

Pambuyo pa Kumva

  • Woweruzayo adzapereka chosankha kapena kuika tsiku latsopano.
  • Ngati simukugwirizana ndi zimene zachitika, funsani loya wanuyo kuti akuuzeni zimene angafune kuti anene pa pulogalamu yake.

Zida Zokuthandizani Kufalitsa Khotilo

Mabungwe ambiri amathandiza anthu kwaulere kapena motsika ndalama.

  • [[MLT: 0] Mabungwe a Aid Aid : Malamulo osapindulitsa ameneŵa amapereka mautumiki aulere kwa anthu olandira otsika. Pezani programu yanu ya kwanu kupyolera m'Bungwe la Mautumiki a Malo Ovomerezeka
  • Ma Center a Zothandiza a kudzikweza: Nyumba zambiri zamilandu zili ndi malo odzithandizira omwe amapereka mafomu, malangizo, ndi uphungu wochepa kwa anthu odziimira okha (pro se).
  • [[FLT :0] Klinics za Sukulu za Law: Ophunzira malamulo oyang'aniridwa ndi maprofesa amapereka chithandizo chaulere cha lamulo. Pitani kusukulu ya lamulo yapafupi kuti mufunse.
  • Malaibulale a polisi: malaibulale ambiri amapereka mathekishonale alamulo monga Westlaw kapena Malamulo Trac, limodzinso ndi mabuku a help.
  • Mawebusaiti a polisi: / Website iliyonse ya khoti imaphatikizapo malamulo, mafomu, ndi mandandanda a ndalama. Fufuzani za ndandanda ya komiti ya nthambi ya boma lanu.
  • Private Attorney:[[FL:1] kwa awo amene angapereke uphungu, bungwe la boma loyang'anira maloya limapatsa maloya ntchito (kaŵirikaŵiri malipiro ochepa a kufunsira koyamba).

Kaamba ka chitsogozo chowonjezereka cha kudziimira inu eni, insaikulopediya yalamulo ya Nolo [[FLT: 1] imapereka mafotokozedwe omveka a Chingelezi ndi ziŵiya zaumwini.

Mapeto ake: Kudzipatsa Mphamvu Mwachidziŵitso

Makhoti angamve kukhala ovuta, koma amatsatira malamulo ogwirizana. Mwakumvetsa kayendetsedwe ka khoti, ntchito za anthu, ndi mbali za mlandu, nzika zingafikire milandu mwachidaliro. Kudziŵa kumene zingapeze thandizo mwalamulo, chithandizo cha khoti, kapena zipangizo za pa Intaneti . Lamulo n’lovuta, koma n’lothandiza anthu. Kutenga nthaŵi kuti aphunzire mfundozo ndi limodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri zimene nzika iliyonse ingatsatire.