Kusintha Koyamba ndi Kuulutsa Mayanjano: Malo a Malamulo Amakono

First Amendment ndi maziko a democracy ya ku America, kuteteza ufulu wa kulankhula, kusindikiza, kusonkhana, ndi kuchonderera. Komabe kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pa makompyuta . Mwapadera kwa mapulogalamu a zaunyinji ndi a zachikhalidwe cha anthu kwayambitsa mkangano walamulo ndi wa chikhalidwe. Mayanjano asintha mmene timalankhulira, kulinganiza, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso, koma malamulo amene amalamulira kulankhula m’malo ameneŵa amasiyana kwambiri ndi amene amapezeka m'malamulo. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kupenda koonekera bwino mmene Malamulo Oyamba a zipembedzo ndi zigawiro za mapulogalamu a anthu, ndi malangizo othandiza oyendera nkhani za pa Intaneti.

Mpumulo Woyamba: Chiyambi ndi Malamulo a Chikhalidwe

Mu 1791, oikidwa kukhala mbali ya Bill of Rights, First Amendment akunena kuti "Konsipe silidzapanga lamulo lirilonse ... loletsa ufulu wa kulankhula, kapena wa manyuzipepala; kapena kuyenera kwa anthu kusonkhana mwamtendere, ndi kuchonderera Boma kuti libweze milandu. Pazaka mazana ambiri, makhoti a ku United States amasulira lamulo limeneli kuti ligwire ntchito osati ku Msonkhano komanso ku nthambi zonse za boma. Kusinthako kumakhazikitsa ufulu waukulu wofotokoza mfundo popanda kudodometsedwa ndi boma, ngakhale zija zimene sizili zotchuka, zotsutsana, kapena zonyoza.

Chigamulo cha Bwalo Lalikulu lafotokoza ukulu wa mawu otetezeredwa. [[FLT:] mu Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), Bwalo lamilandu linanena kuti mawu opeka angaletsedwe kokha ngati asonkhezera "kuphwanya malamulo. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan [1964]), Bwalo linalimbitsa chitetezo cha kusuliza anthu ofufuza. Ndipo m' Chitetezero cha United . [FLT] . [5] (20]), Khoti Loyamba kukhazikitsa chitetezero choyambirira kuchuluka kwa ndale. Zimenezi zinakhazikitsa chitetezero chootsutsa chitetezero chokhudzana cha boma pa zipata cha anthu. Koma chitetezero chakutsekedwa ku makampani ena.

Ma TV ndi Ma TV Monga Malo Oonetserako Anthu

Mapulatifomu a za makompyuta monga Facebook, X (kalelo Twitter), YouTube, ndi Tik Tok afanana ndi malo amakono a tauni, kumene anthu mamiliyoni amasonkhana kuti agaŵane maganizo, nkhani, ndi malingaliro. Makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu aufulu kwambiri pa Intaneti komanso anthu amene amatsutsa kuti mapulatifomu ayenera kukhala owononga zinthu. Komabe, mfundo yeniyeni ndi yakuti mapulatifomu amenewa si mabungwe a boma. Iwo ndi makampani apadera a ntchito zawo ndiponso zitsogozo.

Kusiyana pakati pa anthu otchuka ndi oseŵerawo n’kovuta. Mpambo woyamba wa Chigamulo umaletsa kachitidwe ka boma kamene kamaletsa kulankhula. Pamene kampani yofalitsa nkhani za anthu ichotsa poikika, kuimitsa wogwiritsa ntchito, kapena kusintha marompho ake kuti awonjezere kapena kutsekereza zinthu zina, sikukuswa Kopezetsa Yoyamba . Chifukwa chakuti kampaniyo si boma. Khoti Lapamwamba laletsa mobwerezabwereza mfundo imeneyi. Mwachitsanzo, mu [FLT: 0] Mantat Community Acces Corp. v. Halleck , (20:9), khotilo linagamula kuti wothandiza anthu kulowa m’manja silirimo, ngakhale kuti limapereka chigamu cha kukambirana. Kulingalira kumeneku kumathandiza kwa anthu wamba, monga pulogalamu ya pagulu la anthu.

Ena amayerekezera anthu onyamula mafoni, monga makampani odziwika bwino, amene amafunika kunyamula zonse zogwirizana ndi malamulo popanda kusankhidwa. Ena amatsutsa kuti ayenera kuonedwa monga ofalitsa, amene ali ndi mlandu pa nkhani zimene amalandira.

Kabuku Kothandiza Kokhudza Kulankhula Kosiyanasiyana: Mmene Chigawo 230 Chimasinthira Kulankhula Kwabwino

Palibe kukambitsirana kwa First Amendment ndi manyuziko a mayanjano kwathunthu popanda kusanthula Chigawo 230 cha Chikalata cha Kulankhulana cha 1996. Lamulo la boma limeneli limapereka chitetezo chachikulu ziŵiri ku mautumiki a kompyuta (kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu a za mayanjano): (1) Saonedwa monga "publisher kapena wolankhula" za chidziŵitso choperekedwa ndi magulu atatu, ndipo (2) iwo ali otetezeka ku ku kulakwa kwa anthu chifukwa cha kuchotsa kapena kuletsa kukwaniritsa zokwaniritsira zimene amalingalira kuti "ipsa, chisembwere, kunyada, kuvutitsa, kapena kutsutsa koipa. Mwachidule, chigawo 230 chimapatsa mapulatimenti onse aŵiri (kuwatetezera ku mabwalo a ogwiritsira ntchito) ndi lupanga (kuwalola kukwaniritsa zoyenerera zoyenerera).

Malamulo anakhazikitsidwa m'masiku oyambirira a intaneti kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu a pa Intaneti ndi kulola mapulatifomu ku polisi popanda kukhala ndi mlandu wa lamulo pa zonse zimene ogwiritsa ntchito aikidwa. Chotulukapo chakhala kuchuluka kwa zolembedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zolembedwa ndi makampani akuluakulu a zaumoyo. Komabe, chigawo 230 chasulizidwanso chifukwa cha kupereka mphamvu zambiri zopangira nkhani zapoyera popanda kuyankha mlandu. Otsutsa onse aŵiri akumanze ndi kulamanja aitana kusintha kwake, ngakhale kuti pazifukwa zosiyana: ena amafuna mapulatifomu kuti achite zambiri kuti athetse kusalankhula ndi kudana, pamene ena akutsutsa kuti asanene maganizo olakwika.

Chofunika kwambiri nchakuti, Chigawo 230 sichimachotsa zigaŵenga pa lamulo la boma la upandu, zonena za anthu aluntha, kapena kuswa malamulo achinsinsi a boma. Sichimaletsanso ogwiritsa ntchito kuikidwa pa malo awoawo. Lamulo limagwira ntchito pa pulatifomu kokha monga nkhoswe. Makhoti aposachedwapa ayesa malire a Chigawo 230, kuphatikizapo Gonzalez v. Google LLC[FLLD:] [20023], kumene Khoti Lalimo Lalimo lapamwamba linalingalira kuti kaya Inu Ttube's lalutism ilogani yotetezedwa pansi pa chigawo 230. Khoti linazetsa kuletsa chigamu chachikulu, kusiya lamulo mosasintha. Komabe, kusinthira kusintha gawo la 230 kumakhala kokulira, ndipo kusintha kokulira kukhoza kusintha unansi pakati pa kulankhulana ndi kugaŵano.

Kudziikira pa Zomwe Muli Nazo ndi Kusintha Ukwati

Makampani ofalitsa nkhani amalimbikitsa mfundo zimene anthu amatsatira zomwe zimafotokoza makhalidwe abwino ndi zimene ali nazo. Malamulo amenewa amaletsa kuvutitsidwa, kudana, kuuzidwa zinthu zabodza, kuyambitsa chiwawa, ndi ntchito zosaloledwa ndi lamulo. Mfundo zomveka ndizo kuti mapulatifomu asunge ufulu wochotsa zinthu zokhala m’kati mwawo ndi kuimitsa kapena kuletsa nkhani zimene zimaphwanya malamulo awo. Kudziletsa kumeneku si nkhani yoyamba yokhudza kukonza zinthu mwalamulo, koma kumadzutsa mafunso ofunika okhudza ntchito ya makampani achinsinsi polamulira nkhani yapoyera.

Njira ya kusamala zimene muli nazo n’zosadziŵika bwino ndipo n’zosagwirizana. Maplatform amadalira pa kugwirizana kwa madongosolo oyendera magetsi ndi openda anthu kuti aone kuswa malamulo. Malamulo angalembedwe mbendera malinga ndi mawu otchulidwa, malongosoledwe a pangano, kapena malipoti a ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, madongosolo ameneŵa ndi opanda ungwiro, kaŵirikaŵiri amatsogolera kupyola pa mawu ovomerezeka kapena kukakamiza kwa ena ovulaza. Kupitikiza kumakhala kodabwitsa: Facebook ndi Instagram yokha ichotsa makumi a mamiliyoni a zidutswa za zophatikizidwa pa 25 peresenti iliyonse chifukwa cha kuswa malamulo awo.

Deplatforming . Ndi ntchito yoletsa kotheratu wogwiritsa ntchito kapena tsamba pa pulatifomu . . . . . . . . . Wotchuka . monga uja wa pulezidenti wakale Donald Trump pambuyo pa chipwirikiti cha 6 Capitol, wayambitsa mkangano woopsa. Ochirikiza atsutsa kuti mapulatifomu ali ndi ufulu (ndi udindo) wochotsa anthu amene amayambitsa chiwawa kapena kufalitsa nkhani zolakwika. Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti kuletsa mawu otsutsana ndi kusumika maganizo pa mphamvu kwambiri m’manja mwa makampani angapo a tekinoloji. Pamene kuli kwakuti zochita zimenezi sizikuswa malamulo oyambirira chifukwa chakuti amachitidwa ndi mabungwe a anthu, iwo amayambukira thanzi lonse la nkhani yapoyera.

Kusintha malamulo a malamulo ndi mbali ina ya kusamala zinthu. Malamulo opanga malamulo a malamulo a kugwiritsa ntchito, kaŵirikaŵiri asanayambe kuchititsa kutomerana, kugaŵikana, kapena kutsutsana. Izi zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo za kuwonjezera mawu ena pamene akutsendereza ena, ngakhale popanda kuloŵerera kwa anthu. Malamulo Oyamba Salamulira zosankha za malamulo, koma zotsatira zake za kulankhula mwaufulu ndi zenizeni. Ofufuza agwirizanitsa kufalikira kwa mawu olakwika, kufalikira, kuwonjezereka kwa zinthu, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa ndale. Monga chotulukapo chake, opanga malamulo ndi ochirikiza malamulo amafufuza ngati mapulatifomu ayenera kuvumbula kapena kusintha malamulo awo kuti achepetse kuvulaza.

Malire: Kutsutsana kwa Masiku Ano ndi Milandu ya Bwalo Lamilandu

Malamulo okhudza First Amendment ndi mapulogalamu a zachikhalidwe akusintha mwamsanga milandu yambiri ndiponso malamulo ambiri oyendetsera nkhani pa Intaneti.

Malamulo a Boma Olamulira Kuchepetsa Kudekha

Mu 2021, Florida ndi Texas anapereka malamulo oletsa zimene malumbiro awo amalingalira kukhala kukondera kotsutsana ndi kutsutsana ndi masiteshoni a makampani oulutsira nkhani. Mapulatifomu onse a SB 7072 adafunikira kutumiza kuchokera kwa oyembekezera andale ndi kuwaletsa kuchokera ku oyembekezera kukonzekera. Mapulatifomu a ku Texas 20 analetsa mapulatifomu kuti asapereke mfundo zogwirizana ndi malingaliro awo ndipo anafuna kuti iwo aulule poyera malamulo awo. Malamulo onsewa anatsutsidwa ndi magulu a makampani a zamakono pambali za Kukonzanso Koyamba, akutsutsa kuti mapulatifomu ali ndi ufulu wopanga mapulogalamu owonjezera monga ofalitsa.

Mu NetChoice v. Paxton (2022), Khoti Lapamwamba linalola poyamba lamulo la Texas kugwira ntchito pamene linali kupitiriza kuwonjezera, koma pambuyo pake linagwirizana kupenda mlanduwo. Moody v. Netchoice[FL] [[FLT]] [2024] [2024] Khoti linapereka chigamulo chachikulu, kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa chigawo mosapitirira malire mwachidziŵikire kuswa Konzere. Khoti linagogomezera kuti zosankha za mapulatifomu ponena za zimene zili zoonetsera ndi mmene ziliritsira kutetezeredwa. Chigamuchi chigamu chimene chinatetezera makampani apaderawomba a boma, ngakhale pamene chikuthandiza kuyang’anizana ndi chigamu chachikulu. Komabe, khoti lokhala losavuta kuyang’anizana ndi malamulo osavuta, kapena kufotokoza bwino.

Mtsogolo mwa Chigawo 230

Nyumba ya boma yalingalira mobwerezabwereza koma yalephera kutulutsa Chigawo cha 230. Malamulo akusiyana ndi CSAM Act (aikidwa pa zinthu zogwirira ntchito za kugonana za ana) ku ARN] Act [[FLT:] IT [imene ingachititse] kusokonezeka kwa mapulatifomu amene satchula bwino zinthu zimenezi) ku lamulo lililonse loletsa kusungidwa pa Chilamulo cha Safety Act [ (apartan] chikalata chimene chingafunikire mapulati a kuchotsa zokwanitsidwa zosaloledwa ndi kusungidwa kwa ntchito zofunikira ntchito zochitidwa). Kutsutsanaku nkovuta ndi malamulo alionse amene amasonkhezera kuchotsapo malamulo ena kuti akwaniridwe.

Milandu ya Khoti Yokhudza Boma ndi Nkhani za M’manyuzipepala

Malo alamulo osiyana koma ogwirizana ndi makhoti a boma amalingalira kuti akuluakulu a boma angakakamize mapulatifomu a za mayanjano kuti achotse zophatikizidwa popanda kuswa Lamulo Loyamba. Mu Missouri v. Biden (2023), khoti la boma linapeza kuti akuluakulu a boma a White House anakakamiza mapulatifomu kutsendereza Cover-19 ndi katemera kuti achotse mfundo zolakwika, kuswa ufulu wa Oyamba kuwonjezera. Nkhaniyo imayendera kuchonderera, ndipo Khoti Lapamwamba lingapitirire. Nkhani yaikulu ndi pamene boma lapakati lija likuswa mzera wa chiletso kuchokera ku chiletso chololedwa kuti lichotse lamulo. Nkhaniyi imagogomezera mfundo yakuti KGPGPG. [FF:]

Malangizo Othandiza kwa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Ntchito

Kumvetsa malamulo n’kofunika kwambiri, koma ogwiritsa ntchito amafunikanso njira zothandiza kuti ateteze ufulu wawo ndiponso kuti agwiritse ntchito malamulo osokoneza maganizo a pa Intaneti.

  • Dziŵani kuti ufulu wa kulankhula sumatanthauza kulowa papulatifomu kwaulere. Mpambo Woyamba umakutetezerani ku boma, osati ku malamulo a pa pulatifomu. Ngati zimene mukulembazo zachotsedwa kapena ngati nkhani yanu yalenjedwa, pulatifomu imakhala yoyenerera malinga ngati siikuchita zinthu motsogozedwa ndi boma.
  • Kuŵerenga ndi kumvetsetsa malamulo a papulatifomu a utumiki ndi zitsogozo za anthu. Pulogalamu iliyonse ili ndi malamulo ake. Kusadziŵa malamulo ameneŵa sikuli chitetezo. Dzidziŵitseni ndi zimene zimaletsa kulankhulana mwachitsanzo, malamulo a Twitter oletsa kuvutitsidwa kapena malamulo a Inu Tube pa nkhani zolakwika zamankhwala.
  • Pansi pa ufulu wanu wochita apilo. Mapulatifomu ambiri amapereka njira ya zosankha zokopa zokondweretsa [1] Kuchotsa kokondweretsa, kujambula, kapena kutumiza ma akhawunti. Gwiritsirani ntchito zimenezi ngati mukhulupirira kuti munalakwitsa. Lembani nkhani yanu ndi zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ganizirani mapulatifomu ena. Ngati simukugwirizana ndi njira ya pulatifomu yodzisungira, muli ndi ufulu wosamukira ku utumiki wina. Univer yogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe (m’ lekuatiso, Mastodon, Blusky) imapatsa masinthidwe ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.
  • Chenjerani ndi kuyang’aniridwa ndi boma. Pamene Kusintha Koyamba kumatetezera kulankhula kwanu ku chiletso cha boma, sikumaletsa boma kuyang'anira malo ochezera a anthu. Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo angagwiritsire ntchito zidindo zanu zapoyera monga umboni popanda kuswa Lamulo.
  • Khalani odziŵitsidwa za masinthidwe alamulo. Malamulo onse aŵiri a boma ndi a boma akutsutsana mokangalika malamulo amene amakhudza kulankhula kwa pa Intaneti. Kutsatira magulu onga Extonic Foundation ndi [FLT]] ACLU kungakuthandizeni kukhala wogwirizana ndi mmene kusintha kolingaliridwa kungakhudzire ufulu wanu.

Kumaliza

Chikalata chotchedwa First Amendment chidakali chotetezera chofunika kwambiri kwa boma, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake nkhani za makompyuta kumasinthasintha nthaŵi zonse. Mapulatifomu a anthu ali ndi ufulu wochuluka wa kufotokoza zinthu moyenera, chifukwa cha kumasulira kwa chiweruzo cha Copt Amendment ndi chitetezo cha Chigawo 230. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, nkhondo za lamulo pa malamulo a kusamala za boma, kukakamiza boma, ndi ulamuliro wa malamulo zikusintha zimene zimatanthauza m’nyengo ya makompyuta.

Anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti amafunika kudziwa kuti amalankhula zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza malamulo a boma, malamulo a boma, ndiponso mapangano achinsinsi. Koma malamulo omveka bwino amadalira pulatifomu ndi nkhani yake. Anthuwa akamvetsa zimene akulankhula, amatha kusankha bwino malo ndiponso mmene angalankhulire pa Intaneti, ndipo amakhala ndi phande logwira mtima pa nkhani ya demokalase imene imaumba tsogolo la kulankhula pa Intaneti.

Kuti muŵerenge mowonjezereka, fufuzani [[FLT: 0] Cornell Information Institute ndi SCOTYMlog kaamba ka kukonza milandu yogwirizana ndi khoti Lapamwamba.