Kumvetsetsa Unansi Pakati pa Maboma a Maboma a M’dzikomo ndi Boma

Maboma a m’dzikolo ndi a mayiko amagwirizana kwambiri ndipo amasintha moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ku United States. Kuyambira sukulu za boma mpaka mautumiki angozi, kukonza misewu kuti anthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino, zosankha zimene boma limachita pa mlingo wachiwiriwu zimakhudza anthu ambiri a ku America. Kumvetsa mmene maboma a m'dzikolo amachitira zinthu ndi anthu ena. Ndipo nthaŵi zina amamenyana.

Kupenda kumeneku kupenda maziko a zamalamulo, mbali za kugwirizana, zitokoso zopitirizabe, ndi njira zothandiza zimene zimalongosola mphamvu ya maboma a dziko ndi maboma. Mwa kufufuza ponse paŵiri zomangamanga ndi kugwirizana kwenikweni kwa dziko, oŵerenga adzapeza chithunzi chowonekera bwino cha mmene mphamvu ndi thayo zimagawidwira ku milingo iŵiri ya boma.

Kufotokoza Malo a Maboma Adziko ndi Boma

Maboma ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa nkhani zimene zimakhudza maboma onse, kuphatikizapo maphunziro, makampani oyendera, malamulo a zaumoyo wa anthu onse, ndi malamulo aupandu. Boma lililonse lili ndi malamulo akeake, malamulo, kazembe, ndi makhoti. Maboma amayang’aniranso kulengedwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maboma a m’mayiko awo.

Maboma a m’derali ali ndi malo ambiri, ndipo amaganizira kwambiri za mavuto a mizinda, matauni, magawo, ndi zigawo zapadera.

  • Magawo amatumikira monga magawo a boma, kaŵirikaŵiri kusamalira mautumiki a m'chigawo monga makhoti, ndende, ndi thanzi la anthu.
  • Zinsinsi (mizinda, matauni, midzi) zimapereka mautumiki mkati mwa mizinda kapena m’midzi, kuphatikizapo apolisi, madzi, ndi ukhondo.
  • Zigawo zapadera zimasumika pa ntchito imodzi, monga magawo a sukulu, maulamuliro a madzi, kapena makampani oyendera.

Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma a boma ali maulamuliro olamulira pansi pa Lamulo la U.S., maboma a kumaloko ali zolengedwa za boma, zimenezi zikutanthauza mphamvu zawo, zigwirizano zawo, ndipo ngakhale kukhalapo kwawo kumadalira pa lamulo la boma.

Maziko a Malamulo a Malo a Unansi Wawo

M’malo mwake, malamulo a ku United States sapereka mphamvu zolamulira boma ku boma pansi pa Msonkhano wa Khumi.

Kulamulira kwa Dillon Motsutsana ndi Lamulo la Panyumba

Ziphunzitso ziŵiri zopikisana za lamulo zimapanga ulamuliro wa maboma a m’dzikolo ku United States konse.

Ulamuliro wa Dillon [[FLT: 1] umanena kuti maboma akomwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zoperekedwa mwachindunji ndi boma, zosonyezedwa ndi maulamuliro amenewo, kapena zofunika kuchita zifuno zawo zotchulidwa. Kukayikira kulikonse kwa ngati boma la kumaloko lili ndi mphamvu yakutiyakuti kwathetsedwa. Lamulo limeneli limachepetsa ulamuliro wa kumaloko ndi kulamulidwa ndi boma.

Kulamulira kwa Panyumba [[FLT: 1], mosiyana, kumapatsa maboma a kumaloko ufulu wochuluka. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa kwawo, boma la kumaloko lingagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu iliyonse imene si yoletsedwa ndi lamulo la boma. Maboma ambiri atengera malamulo a panyumba, kulola mizinda ndi magawo kuyang'anira zinthu zawo paokha.

Kutsutsana pakati pa ziphunzitso ziŵiri zimenezi kumakhalapo m'chigawo chilichonse. Maboma ena amapereka ulamuliro waukulu wa nyumba ku mizinda ikuluikulu pamene akulamulira mwamphamvu makampani aang'ono. Ena amagwiritsira ntchito Bukhu la Dillon mogwirizana, kufunitsa maboma a m'dziko kufunafuna chivomerezo cha zochita zambiri.

Malamulo a Boma ndi Ulamuliro Wokhazikitsa Malamulo

Bukhu la malamulo la boma lililonse limakhazikitsa dongosolo la kakonzedwe ka boma lakwawo. Malamulo ena a boma ali ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane okhudza malamulo a boma, malamulo a msonkho, ndi malire a ngongole. Maboma alamulo amakhazikitsanso malamulo onse amene amagwira ntchito ku maboma onse a m'dzikolo ndi ntchito zapadera zimene zimaukira mizinda kapena magawo.

Makhoti a boma nthawi zambiri amalowererapo pofuna kuthetsa mikangano yokhudza ulamuliro wa boma.

Madera a Kuyanjana Pakati pa Maboma Akumaloko ndi Boma

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga maphunziro, chitetezo cha anthu, kayendedwe, ntchito zaumoyo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo.

Maphunziro

Maboma amakhazikitsa malamulo a zamaphunziro, kuyesa, ndi kugawira ndalama ku masukulu a m'madera a m'dziko. Pakalipano, amayang'anira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, amalemba aphunzitsi, amaphunzira sukulu, ndipo amasamalira zosoŵa za anthu a m’dera lawo.

Kugawa udindo kumeneku kungayambitse kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zigawo zachuma ndi zaumphaŵi. Malamulo a boma opereka ndalama zoyendera ndalama zoyendera ndalama, koma misonkho ya m'dziko kaŵirikaŵiri imachititsa mipata ya ndalama pa ndalama iliyonse. Maboma ayang'anizana ndi milandu chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa dongosolo la ndalama, zimene zimachititsa kusintha m’mayiko ambiri.

  • Maboma kwenikweni amakhazikitsa ziyeso zofunikira ndi kuyesa koyenerera.
  • Kumadera a m’derali kumakhala kuyang’anira makalenda a sukulu, kulipira aphunzitsi, ndi kusankha maphunziro.
  • Zilolezo za sukulu za pa Tchata zingachitike ponse paŵiri m’zigawo ndi m’malo a kumaloko, zikumatsogolera ku mikangano ya m’dzikolo.

Chitetezo cha Anthu Onse

Makampani apolisi akugwira ntchito yoyang’anira ntchito zausilikali ndipo amathandiza anthu ovutika kwambiri. Apolisi amathandiza makampani apolisi poyang’anira ntchito zapolisi za m'misewu komanso pofufuza zinthu zikuluzikulu. Madipatimenti a moto makamaka amakhala akomweko, koma mabungwe a boma amapereka malangizo, ndalama zothandizira ndiponso zothandizana pakachitika ngozi zikuluzikulu.

Maboma angathandize kuti boma lizipereka chithandizo cha mwamsanga kwa anthu amene akutsatira njirazo.

Zoyendera

Makampani a boma akupanga misewu ya m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, njira zoyendera, ndi milatho yaikulu.

Kupereka ndalama za zoyendera kumachokera ku msanganizo wa boma, boma, ndi malo a komweko. Msonkho wa gasi wa boma ndi zoyendera za boma zimapatsa ndalama zoyendera kudzera m'mabungwe a boma, amene kenaka amapereka ndalama ku ntchito zakumaloko. Zimenezi zimapanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri za kumaloko zimene ziyenera kugwirizana ndi malamulo a boma ndi boma kuti apeze ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.

Mautumiki a Zaumoyo

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo akupereka chithandizo chapadera monga katemera, kuyang’anira matenda, kuyang’anira matenda, maphunziro a zaumoyo, ndi malesitilanti.

M’mliri wa Chovid-19, ubale pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi a zaumoyo anayang’aniridwa kwambiri. Maboma ena analetsa malamulo a zaumoyo a m'deralo, pamene ena analolera kusankha zochita za m'chigawo. Kulimbana kumeneku kunathandiza kuti pakhale kusasintha kwa dziko lonse ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zaumoyo.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Nthaka ndi Kuumba

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito malamulo akhala ntchito ya kumaloko, okhala ndi mizinda ndi magawo olamulira malo, zilolezo za kumanga, ndi zivomerezo za kutukuka. Komabe, maboma ayamba kuloŵetsedwamo kwambiri m’kugwiritsira ntchito malo, makamaka pa kusungidwa kwa nyumba, kutetezeredwa kwa malo okhala, ndi kulinganiza kayendedwe.

Mayiko ena akhazikitsa malamulo amene amaletsa anthu a m’maderawo kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga nyumba.

Unansi Wamaseŵera Pakati pa Maboma a Maboma a M’dzikolo ndi Boma

Ndalama ndi mbali yaikulu ya boma la dzikolo. Maboma amasonkhezera ndalama za boma mwa kupereka ndalama, malamulo a msonkho, ndi kuyang’anira zandalama.

Chithandizo cha Boma ku Maboma Akumaloko

Maboma amapereka ndalama zambiri kwa maboma mwa kupereka ndalama, kuthandizana ndi anthu opereka ndalama, ndiponso kupereka chithandizo chenicheni.

Chithandizo cha boma nthaŵi zambiri chimabwera ndi mikhalidwe. Maboma a m’dzikolo ayenera kutsatira zofuna za boma kuti alandire ndalama, kupereka mphamvu pa zosankha za boma.

Ulamuliro wa Msonkho

Maboma akwawo amapeza ndalama kuchokera ku misonkho ya katundu, misonkho ya malonda, ndi ndalama zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ulamuliro wawo wokhoma msonkho umachepa ndi lamulo la boma. Maboma ambiri ali ndi zikalata za msonkho, ziletso za levy, kapena chivoti kuti msonkho uwonjezeredwe. Ziletso zimenezi zingatsendereze mphamvu ya maboma a kumaloko ya kukweza ndalama kaamba ka mautumiki ofunika.

Kuyang’anira Kokulira ndi Boma

Mayiko amayang’anira ndalama za boma ndipo akhoza kulowererapo ngati mizinda kapena mayiko akuvutika maganizo.

Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo mkulu wa ntchito ya mwadzidzidzi wa Michigan ndi woyang'anira mizinda yosautsika ya Pennsylvania. Ochirikiza atsutsa kuti boma limatetezera okhoma misonkho ndi kubwezeretsa bata la zachuma. Osuliza amanena kuti kutero kumachepetsa kuŵerengera kwa demokalase pa mlingo wa dzikolo.

Mikangano Yofala Pakati pa Maboma Adziko ndi Boma

Kusagwirizana pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi maboma ndiko mbali yokhazikika ya ndale zadziko la America.

Kutha kwa Malamulo a M’deralo

Boma limamasulidwa pamene lamulo la boma linyalanyaza malamulo a kumaloko pankhani imodzimodziyo. Chipulumutso chingagwire ntchito pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matchuthi ochepera, olipidwa, malamulo a mfuti, miyezo ya malo okhala, ndi zitetezero zoletsa kudana ndi dziko.

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, maboma ambiri agwiritsira ntchito njira zotsekera zinthu za kumaloko monga kuletsa kukwera pulasitiki, malamulo oyendera pa magalimoto, ndi malamulo aganyu a kanthaŵi. Malamulo ena a boma apereka malamulo aakulu opulumutsira amene amaletsa ulamuliro wa kumalo osiyanasiyana panthaŵi imodzi.

Nkhondo zotha kudzitetezera zimadzutsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri okhudza ufulu wa munthu ndi ulamuliro wa boma. Maboma a dzikolo amanena kuti akudziwa bwino zimene anthu a m’dera lawo amafunikira ndipo ayenera kusintha kuti athe kukambirana ndi mikhalidwe yakwawo. Akuluakulu a boma amatsutsa kuti malamulo a m'deralo amasokoneza mabizinesi, amalepheretsa mgwirizano wa m'madera, ndiponso amasokoneza zolinga za boma.

Mikangano Yochirikiza Ndalama

Kusagwirizana pankhani ya ndalama ndi kwinanso kumene kumayambitsa mikangano.

Maboma a m’dzikolo angaganize kuti njira zoperekera ndalama zasintha anthu m’madera awo, pamene akuluakulu a boma ayenera kulinganiza zofuna zopikisana ndi boma lakwawo.

Kulimbana ndi Mfundo Zokhudza Ufulu wa Anthu

Kusiyana kwa malingaliro pakati pa maboma a boma ndi boma kungayambitse kusagwirizana kwa malamulo. Ngati maboma akumeneko olamulidwa ndi chipani chimodzi achita zinthu zotsutsana ndi atsogoleri a boma a chipani china, kutsutsana kumeneku kungachitike. Kugaŵana kumeneku kwakhala kofala m’zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi maboma akuthetsa zochita za m'madera monga malamulo a mizinda yopatulika, chitetezo cha malo okhala, ndi mautumiki a anthu.

Maluso Oti Athandize Kugwira Ntchito Yamphamvu

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ambiri, maboma a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana amayesetsa kuti agwirizane pa nkhani ya kulankhulana bwino, kukhala ndi zolinga zofanana, ndiponso kuti apange dongosolo lothandiza kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino.

Njira Zolankhulirana Zokhazikika

Nyumba zokhazikitsidwa za kulankhulana zimathandiza akuluakulu a boma ndi a boma kukhala odziŵitsidwa za zinthu zofunika ndi nkhaŵa za wina ndi mnzake. Maboma ambiri ali ndi mapangano a mabwinja ndi makampani amene amatumikira monga magwirizanidwe ndi boma. Misonkhano yanthaŵi zonse pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi antchito a boma a m'dzikolo ikhoza kuletsa kusamvana ndi kukulitsa chidaliro.

Kulinganiza Ntchito ndi Magulu Antchito

Kuyesayesa kopanga makonzedwe owonjezereka kumadzetsa anthu a m’dzikolo ndi boma kukumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Mphamvu za ntchito zosumikidwa pa nkhani zina monga kusoŵa pokhala, kumwerekera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kukonzekera tsoka zingayambitse njira zothandizira maboma ndi maboma a m’dzikolo kukhala amphamvu.

Mapangano Ogwirizana ndi Boma

Mapangano a boma amalola mabungwe a boma ndi a boma kuthandizana ndi kugwirizanitsa zinthu ndi ntchito zina.

Chichirikizo cha Boma kaamba ka Udindo Wakumaloko

Maboma angathandize kuti boma lizilamulira bwino anthu a m’maderawo mwa kukhazikitsa njira zothandizira anthu opanga makampani, kuwaphunzitsa zinthu komanso kuwathandiza kuwerenga mabuku.

Mikhalidwe Yatsopano m’Chigawo cha Malo

Pali zinthu zambiri zimene zikusintha mgwirizano pakati pa maboma a ku United States ndi maboma ena masiku ano.

Kuyesedwa kwa Boma Kowonjezereka

Chiŵerengero cha malamulo a boma otha kutha chakula kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazo. Mayiko akhala achiwawa kwambiri pochepetsa ulamuliro wakomweko pankhani zaumoyo wa anthu onse ndi za nyumba.

Kuchuluka kwa Kukana

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, maboma akumaloko akhala okangalika kwambiri kuletsa zitsenderezo za boma. mizinda ina yapereka malamulo otokosa, pamene kuli kwakuti ina yavomereza zigamulo zochirikiza ulamuliro wawo.

Ntchito ya M’deralo

Monga mavuto a mwambo, maboma akukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa m'madera osiyanasiyana kuti athetse nkhani monga nyumba zotchipa, kutukuka kwa chuma, ndi chitetezo cha malo. Zoyesayesa za m'chigawochi nthaŵi zina zimagwira ntchito kunja kwa malo a boma, kuyambitsa makonzedwe atsopano a kulamulira.

Kumaliza

Unansi pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi boma ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo nthaŵi zambiri umatsutsidwa. Ziphunzitso zalamulo monga Dillon ndi ulamuliro wa panyumba zimapereka maziko, koma mphamvu yeniyeni imasintha m'kupita kwa nthawi kudzera m'malamulo, zigamulo za khoti, ndi ndale. Kumvetsa zimenezi kumathandiza nzika ndi akuluakulu a boma kuyendetsa bwino ulamuliro wa America.

Unansi wogwira mtima wa boma la kumaloko umadalira pa kulemekezana, kulankhulana komvekera bwino, ndi njira za kakonzedwe zothetsera mikangano. Pamene zinthu zimenezi zili pamalo ake, maboma a kumalo ndi a boma angagwirizanitse kupereka mautumiki, kuchitapo kanthu pa ngozi, ndi kuwongolera moyo wa anthu okhalamo. Pamene asweka, anthu amalipira mtengo m’vuto, kusakhutira, ndi kuphonya mwaŵi.

Kwa awo amene akuyang'ana kumvetsetsa njira yawoyawo ya boma, chuma chonga [[FLT: 0] Conference ya Nationalal of State Legistratures amapereka chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane pa malamulo a boma ndi nyumba za boma. U.S. Msonkhano wa Mayalo [[FLT:] umapereka malingaliro a zinthu zofunika za boma. M'mbiri yokhudza chisinthiko cha boma, Tchalitchi cha National Screts umapereka masinthidwe a mapepala a maziko. Kutsogolera kothandiza, City/Intermoult .