Kusankhana misinkhu kudakali chimodzi cha zopinga zosalekeza ndi zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zamalonda ndi zamalonda zochepera. Kaya amayang'ana oyambitsa achichepere amene amaonedwa kukhala osazoloŵera kapena okalamba monga ogulitsa chuma omwe amaonedwa kukhala osazindikira, kukondera kwa azaka kumachepetsa kupezeka kwa malikulu, madongosolo a alangizi, ndi mipata ya malonda. Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira kusiyana kwa kusiyana kwa anthu ndi kuphatikizidwa m'malonda, kusiyana kwa azaka kumalandira chisamaliro chochepa kwambiri kuposa amuna kapena a mafuko omwe amaonedwa kukhala osadziŵana. Uyang'anira umenewu umakhala ndi zotsatira zenizeni zachuma: umachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama, ndipo umachepetsa mphamvu ya bizinesi ya malonda ang'ono. Kuzindikira chiyambukiro cha kusankhana kwa amisinkhulire nkofunika kwa opanga malamulo, mabungwe a za zachuma, ndi a zamalonda omwe timalephera kukambirana zaudindo la ndalama.

Malonda Amaona Kuti Anthu Azungu Amakhala Osafunika

Kusankhana misinkhu mu malonda kumatanthauza kuchitiridwa mosayenera kwa anthu oyambira pa msinkhu wawo panthaŵi iliyonse ya ntchito yopanga njinga. Izi zingachitike pamene woyambitsa afuna ndalama, agwiritsira ntchito loni ya bizinesi, aikako makampani, agwirizana ndi programu ya apolisi, kapena ngakhale kuyesa kufunsira mamembala a timu. Mosiyana ndi kusankhidwa kwa anthu a msinkhu wa kuntchito, kumene kumaphimbidwa pansi pa malamulo onga ngati Age Discrimination in Obster Act (A) ku United States, tsankho la otsatsa malonda kaŵirikaŵiri limagwira ntchito m'malo amene zitetezero zenizeni zili zofooka kapena zopanda ntchito.

Tsankho la nyengo limawonekera m'mbali ziŵiri zazikulu. Atsikana otchuka — awo a zaka zawo za 20 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka 30 — kaŵirikaŵiri amaonedwa kukhala opanda chiweruzo, maindasitale, ndi makampani ofunika kumanga malonda odalirika. Iwo angawonedwa kukhala "obiriŵira kwambiri" mwa oikitsa osankha kukhala ndi mbiri yabwino, ngakhale kuti achichepere ambiri amapanga malingaliro atsopano, kupendeka kwa mlingo, ndi kusinthika kwapamwamba. Pamapeto ena a magawo, [[FLT:] akuluakulu otchuka otchuka kwambiri] — otchuka kukhala ochezeka, olandira maluso atsopano, kapena otsalira ku kuchirikiza ndalama zamakono. Omweŵa, ngakhale kuti ali ndi umboni wowonjezereka wa malonda, wowonjezereka, ndi malonda aakulu kwambiri.

Kusankhana misinkhu nthaŵi zonse sikumakhala kopambanitsa. Kungaonekere m’njira zachinyengo: katswiri wa kapitawo amene amatsata nthaŵi zonse kuchokera kwa oyambitsa akale, wobwereketsa wabizinesi wamng'ono amene amakakamiza ziyeneretso zotsimikizirika pa achichepere ofunsira, kapena programu ya zopereka zimene zimalembetsa kuchokera ku mayunivesite. Njira zimenezi zingakhale zopanda njiru, koma zimachotsa mwadongosolo oyambitsa aluso ozikidwa pa msinkhu, kuchirikiza kulimba mtima m'zasayansi ya zachilengedwe.

Kukula kwa Ukalamba Kwamaganizo

Kungoona kuti anthu achikulire asiya kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimene apeza, tsankho la ukalamba limasokonezanso maganizo a anthu amalonda. Oyambitsa achinyamata anganene kuti sakufuna kulowa m’malo mwa zinthu zimene akufuna. Oyambitsawo angaone kuti zaka zambiri zimene akumana nazozo zatha kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu yawo. Vutoli lingachepetse chidaliro, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu amene ali ndi luso lotha ntchito, ndipo pomaliza lingachititse anthu aluso kusiya zolinga zawo zapamwamba.

Mmene Tsankho la Nyengo Limakhudzira Likulu la Dziko

Kufikira ku likulu ndiko chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa bizinesi iliyonse yatsopano, ndipo tsankho la msinkhu limasokoneza kwambiri ndalama zimene amagwiritsira ntchito. Kufufuza kosiyanasiyana kwasonyeza kuti amalonda achichepere ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi mavuto a zachuma osiyana poyerekezera ndi anzawo apakati pa zaka 35 ndi 50, omwe amafotokozedwa monga oyambitsa.

Zopinga kwa Oyambitsa Achichepere

Amalonda achichepere kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbana kusungitsa ngongole ku mabanki amwambo chifukwa chakuti iwo alibe mbiri ya ngongole, kuyang'anira, ndi kukhazikitsa zolembera za ndalama zimene obwereketsa amakonda . Pamene kuli kwakuti ichi chingawonekere kukhala chosankha chauchete cha malonda, icho chimatseka motsimikizirika achichepere ambiri oikizira kulowa ku likulu la ngongole. Mu 2022, Federal Reserve Bank's Small Business Cerce Survey anapeza kuti eni mabizinesi a pansi pa 30 anali othekera kwambiri kumanidwa ngongole kapena kulandira ndalama zochepera pa zimene apemphedwa kwa eni ake achikulire. Mpatawu unapitirizabe ngakhale pambuyo pa kulamulira kaamba ka ndalama, makampani a ngongole, ndi maindasitale.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yaikulu imasonyezanso mikhalidwe ya msinkhu wogwirizana ndi . Pamene kuli kwakuti kufala kwa woyambitsa wachichepere wa tekinoloji kuli kofala m'manyuzi, chenicheni nchakuti ndalama zoyendetsera malonda nzochuluka pakati pa oyambitsa a zaka 30 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka 40. Kufufuza kwa 2018 kofalitsidwa m'magazini Entreneurship Theolory ndi Practice Kusintha kwamakono] kunapeza kuti avareji ya munthu woyamba wopambana ndi 45, ndi kuti oyambitsa achikulire alidi othekera kukulitsa makampani owonjezereka. Komabe achichepere amayesayesa kupeza misonkhano ndi achichepere amene amayerekezera ndi kusadziŵa zinthu, kunyalanyaza mphamvu, kusintha, ndi kuganiza kwatsopano kuti oloŵa.

Zopinga kwa Oyambitsa Okalamba

Opanga malonda achikulire amayang'anizana ndi mavuto osiyana koma owononga mofananamo. Ngakhale kuti oyambitsawo oposa 50 tsopano amayambitsa mabizinesi atsopano omakula — malinga ndi Kauffman Foundation, pafupifupi 25% ya amalonda atsopano mu 2023 anali ndi zaka 55 ndi 64 zakubadwa — chiŵerengero chimenechi chimasungidwa ndi malo aakulu. Mabanki angaone okongola ndalama kukhala ngozi yaikulu chifukwa cha nkhaŵa za thanzi, nthaŵi zopuma pantchito, kapena kuthekera kwa malonda kumene kungatenge zaka zambiri kuti apeze phindu. Opereka ndalama angaganize kuti oyambitsa okalamba alibe nyonga kapena kukula kofunikira kulinganiza kampani, ngakhale kuti kufufuza nthaŵi zonse kumasonyeza kuti mabizinesi okalamba anayamba ndi okhalapobe ndi owonjezereka pamlingo wofanana ndi amene alipo bwinopo kapena amene anayambitsidwa.

Kukondera kumeneku kuli ndi zotsatirapo. Lipoti la AARP la 2021 linapeza kuti anthu achikulire salandira ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito yawoyo kuposa oyambitsa achinyamata, ndiponso kuti ali ndi mwayi wodalira ndalama zosungidwa, zosungidwa panyumba, kapena zopuma pantchito kuti athandize mabizinesi awo. Kudzifunira okha zinthu kumachititsa kuti ntchito zawo zikhale zocheperapo ndi kuchepetsa luso lawo lakuyendetsa zinthu, kugulitsa malonda, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito. Zotsatira zake n’zakuti: Olemera amabweretsa chidziŵitso chapamwamba, makampani odziŵa ntchito zapamwamba, ndi chuma cha mavuto amene angapangitse kumanga makampani kuphatikizapo ntchito zaumoyo, maphunziro, kupanga, ndi ntchito zaluso.

Tsankho la Ukalamba m’Malo Ochezera a pa Intaneti, M’malo Ochitira Udani, ndi m’Malo Ogaŵanika

Likulu silokhalo limene limakhudza anthu amalonda. Access to systern, alangizi, ndi maprogramu ochirikiza monga zotsegulira ndi kugulitsa angakhale ovuta kwambiri, makamaka m'mayambiriro a bizinesi. Kusankhana kwa zaka kumaloŵa m'madera ameneŵanso, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malikulu a anthu amene sagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chawo.

Opusitsa ndi Othandiza

Makina ambiri oyambitsidwa ndi opanga makompyuta amapangidwa ndi mfundo inayake yokhayikitsa — makamaka yaching'ono, ya techn-savvy, ndipo ili m'malo aakulu opangira zinthu. Pamene kuli kwakuti maprogramu ameneŵa samakhala ndi ziyeneretso za msinkhu , njira zawo zodziŵikira, ndi chikhalidwe chawo zingasiye anthu akale. Mwachitsanzo, maprogramu amene amagogomezera "scrapy" kukula, kuyambitsa ma ma macricte oyenererana ndi a tech, kapena zochitika za pa Intaneti zimene zimachitika chakumapeto kwa usanathe, angaone ngati kuti akulandira anthu achikulire. A 2020 ofufuza ndi Globaltreneurship Monitor anapeza kuti kuchita nawo ntchito za ofufuza zinthu amasintha kwambiri pambuyo pa zaka 50, ndi kuti achikulire amene amalemba lipoti la ofufuza kapena otsatsa malonda ndi anzawo osasamala.

Kupatula kumeneku kumatanthauza kusoŵa kwakukulu kwa onse aŵiri oyambitsa okalamba ndi maprogramu omwe. Opanga malonda achikulire abweretsa chidziŵitso cha ntchito, makampani, ndi lingaliro la kutsatsa malonda limene lingalinganize mphamvu ndi kulolerana kwa magulu achichepere. Pamene zitsenderezo sizikhoza kukopa kapena kusungitsa okalamba, iwo amaphonya maphunziro apakati pa kuyambika kwa chilengedwe amene amalimbitsa kuyambika kwa chilengedwe.

Kusiyana kwa Zinthu m’Dziko

Kusinthasintha kwa amisinkhu kumachititsanso kusiyana. Achinyamata ochita malonda amavutika kupeza alangizi amene amawaganizira kwambiri, makamaka ngati alibe digiri yapamwamba kapena chiyambi. Komanso, anthu achikulire amalonda angapeze kuti anthu amene angawapatse malangizo — makamaka amene amayambitsa ntchito zotsekereza — ndi achinyamata omwe ali achinyamata ndipo satha kufotokoza zimene amaganizira kapena zolinga zawo. Alangizi odziwa bwino kwambiri akakhala ndi mamembala a mbadwo wosiyana, koma azaka za m'makampani angachititse kuti aŵa akhale ovuta kwambiri.

Mabungwe angapo ayamba kukambirana ndi mpata umenewu. Mwachitsanzo, [FLT :1] . . . . . . . .[FLT .[FLT :2] imapatsa malangizo aulere kuchokera kwa akatswiri a zamalonda kwa akatswiri a zamalonda a misinkhu yonse, kuthandiza maballen a a alangizi. Mofananamo, ATH [ART] Entreneurrial Hub [[FLT:]] kupatsa ndalama, tibins, ndi chitaganya cha anthu achikulire, kuzindikira kuti akugwirizana ndi zotsatira za dongosolo la kuchotsedwa.

Kuwonongeka kwa Tsankho la Nyengo m’Zaka Zosadziŵika

Anthu amene ali ndi luso loona za ukalamba saloledwa kuyamba malonda kapena kulephera kupeza ndalama zimene amafunikira kuti akulire, chuma chonse chimatha.

Makampani aang'ono ndiwo njira yaikulu yopangira ntchito m'zachuma zambiri. Malinga ndi kunena kwa makampani ang'onoang'ono a United States, makampani aang'ono anapanga ntchito zatsopano 12.9 miliyoni pa zaka 25 zapitazo, kuŵerengera matatu a ntchito zonse. Kusankha kwa nyengo kumachepetsa chiŵerengero cha mabizinesi achipambano, amene amachepetsa kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi CD [FLT] kuyerekezera kuti kuchepetsa malire a msinkhu wodalira pa ntchito zapamwamba ku kampani kungawonjezere mabizinesi ndi 8-12% apamwamba, kutembenuza mamiliyoni ambiri a ntchito zina ndi mabiliyoni a zachuma.

Palinso kukonza zinthu. Kusiyanasiyana kwa zaka za amalonda kumayambitsa kuyambika chifukwa chakuti oyambitsa amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana amachititsa malingaliro ogwirizana, maluso, ndi zikhumbo zangozi. Oyambitsa achichepere amakhala ofunitsitsa kutsutsa misonkhano ya makampani ndi kuyesa ndi maluso amakono, pamene oyambitsa okalamba abweretsa maluso a zamalonda, kumvetsetsa, ndi kulangiza. Pamene kukondera kwa azaka kuchotsa magulu, maluso amene amachitika sangakhale opambana kwambiri m’nthaŵi yaitali chifukwa chakuti alibe maluso onse amene magulu osiyanasiyana amapereka. Lipoti la 2019 kuchokera ku [FLT: 0. Sukulu yopikisana ndi yothandiza.

Njira Zothetsera Tsankho la Nyengo Yathu Ino

Kusamalira tsankho la misinkhu pa malonda kumafuna kuyesayesa kogwirizana kophatikiza ndi opanga malamulo, mabungwe azandalama, zisangalalo zotsegulira, oikizira ndalama, ndi chitaganya cha malonda owonjezereka. Palibe njira imodzi yothetsera, koma kuphatikiza kukonzanso malamulo, kusintha kwa makampani, ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kungapange kusintha kwatanthauzo.

Kusintha Mfundo ndi Malangizo

Imodzi ya njira zogwira mtima kwambiri zothetsera tsankho la amisinkhu ili kuwonjezera malamulo oletsa kuphwanya malamulo a boma kuti afotokoze bwino nkhani za malonda. Ku United States, ADEA amateteza antchito oposa 40 pa kukondera kwa anthu a msinkhu wa ntchito, koma sathandiza omanga nyumba, antchito, kapena oyambitsa ndalama. Kuwonjezera malamulo oteteza anthu kuti apeze ndalama zothandizira anthu amalonda ndi kutengera ngongole kungayambitse njira yolimba yopezera oyambitsa anthu amene amalimbana ndi kukana ngongole, bizinesi, kapena mwayi wa zamalonda.

Maboma angapo ayamba kufufuza kufutukuka koteroko. Chikalata cha California cha Fair Works and Hosley Act chiletseretu kale tsankho la misinkhu m'zochitika zina za malonda, ndipo lamulo lofananalo lapangidwa ku New York, Illinois, ndi Massachusetts. Malamulo a boma angatengenso masitepe mwa kutsogolera Small Business Administration kuti asonkhanitse ndi kufalitsa chidziŵitso cha chiŵerengero cha azaka m'maprogramu a SBA obweretsa ndalama, zimene zingawonjezere kuwonekera ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Zoyamba za Kagulu Kazachuma

Mabanki, maukwati a ngongole, ndi obwereketsa ena angachepetse kukondera kwa ukalamba mwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopendera zosadziŵika bwino kumene, oyang'anira okongoletsa ausinkhu wawo, ndi kupanga zinthu zapadera kwa oyambitsa a zaka 35-50. Mwachitsanzo, mabanki ena a boma ayambitsa "kampani ya ngongole" maprogramu a ngongole osinthasinthasintha ndi kubwezera mawu oyenerera kwa oyambitsa opitirira zaka 50. Mofananamo, chiŵerengero chomawonjezereka cha oyendetsa ngongole zapansi pa magetsi amapatsa ngongole zazing'ono kwa achichepere amene angakhale opanda mbiri yosunga ndalama kapena yokongola, akumagwiritsira ntchito maprogramumboni osintha monga kuyendetsa ndalama ndi kulinganiza mabizinesi.

Opereka ndalama zamalonda, makamaka akapitawo ndi oikizira a angelo, angatengenso njira zapadera zochepetsera tsankho. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera magulu awo kuphatikizapo oikizira a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera madongosolo a kupenda zinthu zimene zimatsimikizira mfundo zazikulu za bizinesi mmalo mwa kukhazikitsa chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndi kutsata malonda kuchokera ku mabungwe amene amathandiza oyambitsa makampani omwe alipo. Makampani a Venture amene ayambitsa kusintha kumeneku, monga BackStearch Capital and Famittenster Martners, akusimba bwino kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi zotsatirapo zabwino.

Ochititsa Nkhuni, Ofalitsa, ndi Programu ya Maphunziro

Mabungwe ochirikiza malo oyamba ali ndi mbali yapadera yochitapo ntchito yopanga malo okhala ophatikizapo amisinkhu. Izi ziyamba mwadala kuyambitsa anthu amisinkhu yonse, kuphatikizapo kugwirizana ndi mabungwe onga SCORE, AARP, ndi National Association for the Self-Employd . Makonzedwe a programu ayenera kuchititsa zosoŵa za achikulire otengamo mbali, monga ngati kulinganiza zochitika m’masana, kupereka zosankha zotengamo mbali, ndi kutsimikizira kuti mapulogalamuwo amasonyeza zonse ziŵiri za technoloji ndi zamalonda amwambo.

Mofananamo, maphunziro a zamalonda ku mayunivesite ndi ku koleji a anthu ayenera kulinganizidwa kutumikira ophunzira a misinkhu yambiri. Ambiri a makampani okalamba achipambano lerolino akuyambitsa ntchito yachiŵiri kapena yachitatu, ndipo amapindula ndi maprogramu amene amavomereza maluso awo omwe alipo pamene akudzaza mipata ya chidziŵitso m'madera monga kutsatsa malonda, kuyendetsa zinthu mwaukatswiri, ndi madongosolo amakono. Kuphunzira kwa moyo wautali monga Kora ndi DEX kwapangitsa makosi a mabizinesi kukhala osavuta kufikirika, koma m'maprogramumboni ndi zozikidwa pa makompyuta amakono kumakhalabe kwaphindu, makamaka kaamba ka makompyuta.

Kusintha kwa Chikhalidwe ndi Kuzindikira

Pomalizira pake, kuchepetsa tsankho la ukalamba kumafuna kusintha kwa chikhalidwe pa mmene anthu a zamalonda amaonera zaka. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kukondwerera anthu amisinkhu yonse m’nkhani zoulutsidwa m’manyuzipepala, maprogramu a misonkhano, ndi kutchuka kwa mphoto. Zimatanthauza kukayikira zinthu zambiri pamene ayamba kusonkhana kapena kukambirana ndi anthu pa Intaneti.

Zoyesayesa zingapo zikugwirirapo ntchito ku chonulirapo chimenechi. [FLT :1] Age-Freurnaurship Wenet Abweretsa pamodzi oyambitsa, oikizira, ndi opanga malamulo kuti agaŵane ndi machitidwe abwino ndi kuchirikiza malamulo ophatikizapo. [FLT:] Oposa 50 mpambo wa pachaka wofalitsidwa ndi Forbes ndi AARP , wopereka zitsanzo zowoneka ndi kutsutsana ndi zolembedwa zimene zimakhudza achichepere okha.

Kumanga Njira Yosagawanika Kokha

Malo achilengedwe amene amathandizira kuyambitsa amisinkhu yonse sangakhale ndi kulingana kokulirapo — amakhala opirira kwambiri, opanga zinthu zatsopano, ndi opindulitsa kwambiri. Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo kumagwirizanitsa nyonga iliyonse ya kampani. Oyambitsa achichepere amakhala ndi kulolera kokulira, kulimba kwa makompyuta, ndi kufunitsitsa kutsutsa malamulo okhazikitsidwa. Oyambitsa achikulire amathandizira akatswiri a zaumoyo, zokumana nazo zogwira ntchito, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amafikira ku malo aakulu kwambiri a kudzisangalatsa okha. Pamene magulu onse aŵiriwo akukhala ndi phande mokwanira, mapindu onse a ku kuipitsa kwa malingaliro, maluso, ndi kaonedwe kawonedwe kake.

Kumanga malo ozungulira zachilengedwe kumafunika khama. Kumatanthauza kupanga mapulogalamu a ndalama amene sasankhana pa msinkhu, ngakhale mosadziŵa. Kupanga malo othandizira anthu amene ayambitsa zinthu m’mibadwo yambiri m’malo molimbikitsa zaka za anthu. Kumatanthauza kuphunzitsa anthu kukonza ndalama, kubwereka, ndi mabwana a mapulogalamu kuti adziwe zaka zawo ndi kukonza bwino.

Kumaliza

Kusankhana misinkhu m'zamalonda ndi kutukuka kwa mabizinesi kuli vuto lamphamvu lokhala ndi maziko aakulu a chikhalidwe, njira za malo, ndi malamulo. Kumachepetsa mipata kwa onse aŵiri achichepere ndi achikulire oyambitsa, kumachepetsa kupita kwa malikulu ku makampani olonjeza, ndipo kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ndi kusiyana kwa mabizinesi. Mtengo wa zachuma ngwaukulu, umayesedwa m'ntchito zotayika, kuyambika kwapang'onopang'ono, ndi kuchepa kwa chuma.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti, tsankho la amisinkhu silosapeŵeka. Opanga malamulo, mabungwe azachuma, mabungwe ochirikiza, ndi anthu amalonda enieniwo angatsatire njira zochepetsera tsankho la ukalamba ndi kukulitsa zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwa kuwonjezera malamulo otetezera, kupanga maprogramu a ndalama, kuwongolera maluso a alangizi, ndi kukhazikitsa anthu a misinkhu yovuta, tingatsimikizire kuti luso la zamalonda limadziŵika ndi kuchirikiza kaya masiku a kubadwa akondweretsedwa ndi ochuluka motani. Ngati titero, aliyense amapindula — chifukwa chakuti malonda aakuluwo safika ndi msinkhu.