Kukula kwa Matenda a Chisilamu Pakati pa Kusatetezereka ndi Kulimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga

M'nyengo imene makompyuta ndi zinthu zakuthupi zagwirizanitsidwa mosaleka, kutetezeredwa kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwakwera kufika pa mapulogalamu a dziko lonse. Mphamvu, mafakitale operekera chithandizo cha madzi, madongosolo a zoyendera, madongosolo a zachuma, ndi malo olankhulirana amakono . Mitsempha yeniyeniyo ya kutsungula kwamakono ikudalira kwambiri pa zipangizo zamakono. Komabe, kudalira kwa kudalira kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwatsegula malire atsopano a adani. Chikhberchikishanic, chipani cha boma , ndi malonda aupandu aakulu tsopano angachititse kuwonongeka kwa chitaganya, kusakaza chuma, ndipo ngakhale moyo. Kugwirizana kwa kayendedwe ka Intaneti kwa makono sikulinso kuyesayesa kwachilendo; ndiko kugwirira ntchito kwa mwamsanga.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kuopsa kwa zinthu zokhala ndi zipangizo zamakono, kupenda ntchito za oseŵera osiyanasiyana, ndi kufotokoza njira, malamulo, ndi luso lamakono zotetezera njira zofunika zimenezi. Kuchokera pa kuchuluka kwa zipatala zoombera ndalama mpaka kuthekera kwa kuukira kwa magetsi kogwirizana, mitengoyo sinafikepo. Kumvetsetsa chiwopsezo ndicho sitepe loyamba lothandiza kuti zipirire.

Kodi Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri N’zotani?

Nyumba zapamwamba zimaimira chuma, madongosolo, ndi madongosolo . kaya ndi ofunika kwambiri ku dziko mwakuti kuwonongeka kwawo kungawonongetse chitetezo, kukhazikika kwa chuma, thanzi la anthu, kapena chitetezo. Ku United States, Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security [[FLD: 0] Cybersecurity ndi Infraclacult Security Agency (CISA) imatchula zigawo zofunikira kwambiri 16, kuphatikizapo mafakitale, malonda, makampani, madamu, makampani, makampani oteteza zinthu za maindasitale, mautumiki, mautumiki a zachuma, ndi zaulimi, zaumoyo, zaumoyo, zaumoyo, za zaumoyo, za za za nyukyuliya, ndi za m'zansipeto, ndi zamadzi.

Magawo ameneŵa ndi ochititsa chidwi chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo:

  • Kuopsa kwapamwamba, kuchepa kwa ngozi: Kuukira kwachipambano kungapangitse kulephera kwa madongosolo ambiri, kukulitsa chivulazo kupyola pa kusweka koyamba.
  • Madongosolo a zachitetezo: Oyendetsa zinthu zambiri ofufuza zinthu adakali ndi luso lakale la zogwiritsa ntchito (OT) limene silinapangidwe n'cholinga choopseza anthu pa Intaneti yamakono. Madongosolo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri alibe malamulo otetezera monga kutsimikizira, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu onyenga, kapena kudula mitengo.
  • Kugwirizana: Kugwirizana kwa IT (Chidziŵitso cha Umisiri) ndi OT (Ulomo wa Umisiri wa Operation Technology) kwayambitsa njira zatsopano. Kusoŵeka kwa kampani yogwirizana kukhoza tsopano kukhala njira yopezera njira yolamulira maindasitale.
  • Kuwoneka kwa Public: Kuukira pa ziwiya zowopsya kumapanga kuulutsidwa kwa nyuzi, mantha a maganizo, ndi kutsendereza kwa ndale zadziko [1] Magoal amene amagwirizana ndi zigaŵenga kapena zolinga za malingaliro.

Kuopsa kwa Zida: Kuchokera pa Upandu Wachisawawa Kufika pa Uchigaŵenga Wokanthidwa ndi Boma

Kudziwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zingawononge zinthu pa Intaneti n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu aziteteza chitetezo chawo.

Chopereka ndi Chilanditso

Zipatala, sukulu, ndi makampani asintha kuchokera ku udani kulowa m'chiwopsezo cha dziko. Mu 2021, kuukira kwa Colonian Pipeline kunasonyeza mmene chochitika chimodzi cha dipo chingasokonezere mafuta ku gombe la U.S. Zipatala, masukulu, ndi magawo a makampani awonongeka mobwerezabwereza ndi magulu onga LockBit, BlackCat, ndi Clop [1]. Magulu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito kulanda zinthu zopimira kuŵirikizapo ndi kuopseza kutulutsa chidziŵitso chachifundo popanda kulipira. Kachipang'ka ka matenda, kamodzi kamodzi ka matenda, kadawonongeka kale, ndi chisamaliro choleza mtima kwambiri chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa dongosolo la zinthu.

Kupanga Zinthu Zamakono Ndiponso Kupanga Luso la Mayanjano

Kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti ndi njira yofala kwambiri yodziŵira anthu ogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti. Akatswiri ofufuza amakopa anthu amene amakopa antchito kuti aulule zinthu kapena kuvotera mabomba a m'makampani. Ngati pali zinthu zina zofunikira kwambiri, kampani imodzi yolemba maimelo ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira kwambiri makompyuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti, kumene amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri a akuluakulu kapena mainjiniya, ndi njira imene gulu la APT limaikonda kwambiri.

Kutsutsa Utumiki (DDOS)

DDOS imalimbana ndi makampani ambiri oyendetsa magalimoto, oyendetsa mabwana oopsa komanso akugwira ntchito pa Intaneti. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sachita zinthu modabwitsa, akhoza kusokoneza kwambiri. Mu 2016, makina osokoneza zinthu a Mirai botnet anagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti yosokoneza zinthu (IoT) kutumiza zida za DDOS zoukira makompyuta a dziko (DNS) omwe amateteza anthu, Dyn, kuchotsa kwa kanthawi mawebusaiti akuluakulu monga Twitter, Netflix, ndi Payal.

Zoopsa Zopitirizabe (APT) ndi Ochita Zochitidwa ndi Boma

APTT ndi zogwirizana ndi nzeru za Russia . Mabungwe ogwirizana ndi makampani a boma, makampani amagetsi, ndi otetezera. [FLT:] 2015 ndi 2016 kuukira mphamvu za Ukraine [FTT:] ndi zitsanzo zotchuka za ntchito za APT: oukira adapeza njira zakutali zolamulira makampani a makampani a magetsi, ndi otetezera. [FLT: 0] Kuukira kwa pa Intaneti kwa Uganda kuli kotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono za APT:

Chigaŵenga cha pa Intaneti choletsedwa ndi boma sichingangochititsa mantha. Cholinga chake n’kupangitsa anthu kukhala ndi mantha, kusokoneza ntchito zotsutsira boma, ndi kulepheretsa anthu kudalirana.

Kuteteza Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri: Njira Yotetezera Anthu Okhala ndi Magazi Ambiri

Palibe njira iliyonse yodzitetezera yolimbana ndi zinthu zoopsa kwambiri monga zipangizo zamakono, njira zogwirira ntchito, ndiponso anthu.

Kuika Moyo Pangozi

Kufufuza kwanthaŵi zonse kwa chitetezo n’kozikidwa. Magulu ayenera kuchititsa mayeso opimira, mayeso opimira, ndi mapulogalamu ofiira kuti adziŵe zofooka. Kumalo a OT, chisamaliro chapadera nchofunika chifukwa zida zambiri zamwambo zoyendera zingasokoneze ntchito za maindasitale. Kufufuza kopeka kwa OT kugwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira kwachiphamaso ndi kufufuza kwakuthupi kuti achepetse ngozi.

.ISC Cybersecurity Frame ntchito [1] Imapereka malo ovomerezeka kwambiri ochitira oyang'anira ngozi, olinganizidwa pa ntchito zisanu: Zindikirani, Deset, Dete, Hope, ndi Reverse. Ogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zambiri amagwirizanitsa mapulogalamu awo ndi miyezo ya NIS kutsimikizira kuti atha kufotokoza mozama.

Kakonzedwe ka Intaneti ndi Kapangidwe ka Zilembo Zokhulupirira

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyendetsera bwino kwambiri ndizo kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti. Mwa kuchotsa bungwe la OT ku kampani IT programme ndi intaneti, mabungwe angaletse kuti anthu oukira asiye kuyenda m’mbuyo. Kutetezedwa kwa njira yolamulira maindasitale kumasonyeza kuti munthu amadalirana ndi kudalirana. Kuchotsa mipanda ya moto, malo oloŵera, ndi kuswa mabokosi m'madera n’kofunika kwambiri.

Chisonyezero cha Zero Trust [1] Selo [1] , osadalira, nthaŵi zonse amatsimikizira kuti ndi bwino kuswa chinthu. Imalingalira kuti kuswa kuli kosapeŵeka ndi kuti palibe wogwiritsa ntchito kapena chipangizo chimene chiyenera kudaliridwa mwachibadwa. Mmalomwake, pempho lililonse la kulowa m'dziko liyenera kusungidwa, lovomerezedwa, ndi kutsimikiziridwa mosalekeza. Madongosolo a OT amene amasunga kutsimikizira kwamakono, madongosolo opanga zinthu monga makompyuta a micropective ndi oyendera magalimoto amagwiritsiridwa ntchito.

Kufufuza ndi Kuwopseza Kopitirizabe

Zida zoyendera zotsogola kwambiri nzofunika kwambiri kuti zipeze njira zoloŵera. Zipangizo zachitetezo ndi zochitika (SIEM) zimagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya makompyuta yodutsa pulogalamuyi, pamene kuli kwakuti Introrion Develoption System (IDS) ndi IPS (IPS) imafufuza magalimoto a mapulogalamu anjiriji. M'malo a OT, zipangizo zapadera monga [FLT:] Nozomi Vantage, Dragos Platform, kapena CLATOry propritary protory protographsss . (g. Modbus, DNP3, Protectet) kaamba ka mapulome.

Masewera opeputsa ndi opanga makina angathandize kuzindikira zizindikiro zachinsinsi za kulolera kuti kugwiritsa ntchito sigineji sikungapezeke. Mabuku a kaganizidwe kanthaŵi komanso kachitidwe ka zinthu kabwino n’kofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi zinthu zoopsa zisanawononge kwambiri.

Kuphunzitsa Ana Ntchito Ndiponso Kuwadziwa Bwino Ntchito

Kuphonya kwa munthu kudakali chochititsa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo. Maprogramu ophunzitsa a kusamala ayenera kuphatikizapo kuzindikira, ukhondo wachinsinsi, zizoloŵezi zotetezeka zofunafuna zinthu, ndi njira zoperekera lipoti. Kwa mainjiniya ndi oyendetsa ntchito za makampani, maphunziro ayenera kuphatikizapo ngozi zenizeni za malo otetezeka . Monga ngati kuopsa kwa kuyendetsa galimoto yaumwini ya USB mu PLC (PGUS - Robical Logic Guide).

Magulu a OT ndiponso magulu ena opanga masewero olimbitsa thupi, omwe amathandiza anthu kuti aziganiza bwino pa nthawi ya ngozi.

Kulabadira Kofulumira ndi Kulimbikira Malonda

Gulu lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi mapulani a yankho la zochitika zolembedwa bwino lomwe lomwe lomwe limayesedwa nthaŵi zonse. Pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, makonzedwewo ayenera kuphatikiza osati chabe njira zotetezera makompyuta pamene alephera kugwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kampani yosamalira madzi iyenera kukhala ndi ndandanda ya zinthu zoyendera papepala kuti ichotse mankhwala oyendera pa Intaneti.

Malo osungirako zinthu ndi ofunika kwambiri koma ayenera kusungidwa pa Intaneti kapena mosasintha kuti atetezedwe kuti asaneneze kuti akonzenso tsokalo.

Kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zakunja [1] monga CISA COUTYYber Incident Response Team (CRT)[FL:1] kapena ofesi ya FBI yakwanuko, imapereka zinthu zowonjezereka ndi luntha pa chochitika chachikulu.

Boma ndi Mpatuko Waumwini: Thayo Logawana

Kukonza Malamulo ndi Miyezo ya Kukonza Zinthu

Maboma amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pokhazikitsa maziko a kusungidwa kwa pa Intaneti. M'maudindo a U.S., Lamulo la U.S. lolamulira 14028 la Kupititsa Patsogolo Mabungwe a Dzikolo Olamulidwa kukhazikitsa mabungwe a kudalira mapulaneti ndi kuwongolera chitetezo cha mapulogalamu a pulogalamu ya . [[FLT:] Malamulo a mphamvu za mphamvu za dziko ndi za kuteteza North American Genetic Relicativetic Relitiveration (NARC) Controble Protection (IP) miyezo ya mphamvu ya progalamu ndi ya malamulo a m'zigawo.

Malamulo asintha kukhala oyenera kuŵerengera kwambiri. Mayiko ena akhazikitsa malamulo ofuna oyendetsa zinthu zofunikira kwambiri kuti apereke ndalama zothandizira makampani okonza zinthu ndi kudziŵitsa makasitomala oyambukiridwa mkati mwa pulogalamu ina. Komiti ya European Union ya Actal ndi Information Security [NULT:1] imakakamiza malamulo okhwima kwambiri pa makampani ofunika ndi kugwirizanitsa zochitika zimene zikulembedwa m'maboma onse a m'mamembala.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu Onse ndi Kugaŵana Chidziŵitso

Chifukwa chakuti nyumba zoipirapo zambiri ndi zaumwini, chitetezo chogwira mtima chimadalira pa kugwirizana kwa anthu kwamphamvu. Kugaŵana chidziŵitso ndi kusanthula (ISAC) kutumikira monga mapulatifomu odalirika kumene nzeru ya kuopsa kwa chigawo imasinthanitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Kusankha kwa IntactrecC [FLT :1] kwathandiza kutetezera madongosolo ovota, pamene kuli kwakuti WaterSICAC kuthandizira zisonyezero za madzi opherapo kuti apherere.

Mabungwe a boma amaperekanso zinthu zaulere kuti athandize mabungwe kukonza bwino kakhalidwe kawo. NYAMA za CHAPANSI zimapereka malangizo osavuta kutulukira, njira zofufuzira zaukhondo, ndiponso njira zofufuzira ukhondo pa Intaneti.

Kulingalira Koipa kwa Magulu

Kagulu Kamphamvu: Mliri Woletsedwa

magetsi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kuwala kwakukulu kungaimitse mbali zina zonse. Kuopsa kwa pulojekitiyi kumaphatikizapo osati kuukira kwa pa Intaneti kokha komanso kuukira kwamphamvu za pa Intaneti komanso kutumiza mphamvu zoyendera limodzi m'mamita ochenjera ndi madongosolo a mphamvu owonjezera mphamvu. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zopangira mphamvu . Mofanana ndi mabungwe a magetsi ndi bhetri, kumachititsa kuti malo atsopano oukira atetezedwe.

National Reneunebrary Energy Laboratory (NREL) [FL:1] ndi mabungwe ena ofufuza akuyambitsa njira zopimira pa Intaneti ndi malamulo otetezeka olankhulirana a tsogolo. Komabe, madongosolo ambiri a choloŵa akhalabe osavuta, ndipo kusintha kwa otembenuza ndi oswa malamulo kukhoza kukhala zaka makumi ambiri.

Madzi ndi Zinyalala

M’chaka cha 2021, katswiri wina wa zamadzi anapeza njira yopitira ku malo osungirako madzi ku Oldsmar, Florida, ndipo anayesa kuwonjezera mphamvu ya soly kuti ikhale yoopsa. Kuukirako kunaletsedwa ndi woyendetsa kampani wosamala, koma kunagogomezera mmene woukira wotsimikiza angawonongere madzi a m’mudzimo mosavuta.

Ma thikipoti ambiri amadzi amagwira ntchito ndi ndalama zochepa ndi olamulira opangika. Malamulo a kampani ya Bipartisan Infragradation akuperekedwa kuthandiza madongosolo a madzi aang'ono ndi a m'mitengo kuti athandize kuteteza intaneti.

Zoyendera ndi Luso la Zinthu

Zoyendera zamakono zimadalira kwambiri pa makompyuta: kuyendetsa ndege, kutumiza mauthenga, kuyendetsa madoko, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto . Kusokonezeka kwa pakompyuta kumene kumasokoneza ndege kungayambitse chipwirikiti ndi kuchititsa ngozi. Pipeline Cyberrine Cyript ya 201 inali njira yodzutsa osati kokha chigawo cha mphamvu komanso makampani alionse amene amayendetsa zinthu. Chiyambire kutulutsa malangizo a chitetezo ofuna oyendetsa mapaipi kuti apereke lipoti ndi kuyendetsa njira zenizeni za kuyendetsa.

Kusamalira Thanzi ndi Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Zipatala ndi zosavuta kwambiri kuukira. Kusintha kwa makompyuta a zaumoyo (EHR), telemedicine, ndi zipangizo zamankhwala zolumikizidwa zathandiza kusamala odwala komanso zawonjezeranso kuukira. Kuukira kwa mahastere ku zipatala kwachititsa kuti maopale, chisamaliro chamwadzidzidzi chichepe, ndi kuwonongeka kwa chidziŵitso cha odwala. The Health Inshuwarence Portability and Accostability Act (HIPAA) imapereka dongosolo lothandizira, koma posachedwa, Dipatimenti ya za Umoyo ndi Mautumiki a anthu (HS) yathandiza kwambiri kuyankha kwa pa Intaneti ndi CISA.

Kuchuluka kwa Njira zamakono ndi Maupandu Amtsogolo

Luso Lopanga ndi Kuphunzira Makina

AI ndi ML ndi malupanga otchingidwa ndi malupanga awiri. Kumbali yotetezera, zimatheketsa kutulukira mofulumira anthu opha ziopsezo, kusaka, ndi kukonzanso makompyuta. Kumbali yonyansa, oukira angagwiritsire ntchito AI kupanga ma email okhutiritsa kwambiri, ma email opanga a auto Reconnaissance, kapena ma pulani amene amabisa kuletsa ziŵiya mwa kuphunzira njira zake. Kuthekera kwa mphamvu ya AII, zida za pa Intaneti ndizo nkhaŵa yaikulu.

Intaneti ya Zinthu (IOT) ndi Tekinoloji Yothandiza

Kuchuluka kwa zipangizo za IoT , ma valve olumikizidwa, ma steage steat , ma stect ques , awongolera kwambiri ntchito komanso akulitsa malo oukira. Zopanga zambiri za IoT sizikhala ndi mawu otetezeka, zili ndi mawu owonjezera, ndipo zimalandira zowonjezera zochepa. M'malo a OT, kugwirizana ndi IoT kumayambitsa mphamvu zatsopano zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi adani. SSdan ndi makampani ena ofufuza nthaŵi zonse amatulukira njira zolamulira za maindasitale ndi intaneti, ngozi yaikulu.

Quantum PEGNC

Magazi a quantom amabweretsa chiwopsezo cha nthaŵi yaitali ku fungo lapoyera, limene limasungidwa kukhala ndi njira zolankhulirana, siginethi za manambala, ndi kuyang'anira masamu. Kompyuta yamphamvu kwambiri ya quantam ingawononge RSA ndi ECC compdefied, kukhoza kumasulira mbiri yakale ndi kulolera kulankhulana kwamakono. National Institute of Direfectal and Technology (NIS) ikuyamba kale kulinganiza matanthauzo a matanthauzo a masamu a papositi-canteum, ndi opanga zipangizo zina zofunika kwambiri zamakono kuyambitsa kusintha kumeneku.

Kukulitsa Chikhalidwe cha Kusintha

Kuteteza nyumba zamakono zovuta sikumangofuna luso lapamwamba chabe komanso malamulo; kufunikira kusintha chikhalidwe. Kusintha kapangidwe ka zinthu kuyenera kuchitika kuyambira kumayambiriro . Zimenezi zikutanthauza kugwirizanitsa kutetezeka kwa Intaneti ndi kuipeza, injiniya, kuikonza, ndi ntchito. Zimatanthauza kuzindikira kuti palibe chitetezo changwiro ndiponso kuti kutha kuzindikira, kuyankha, ndi kuipeza bwino n’kofunika kwambiri monga momwe kutetezera.

Kugwirizana kwa mayiko ambiri n’kofunikanso. Kuopsa kwa dziko lonse sikulemekeza malire. Msonkhano wa [FLT: 0] wildpest pa Cybercrime ndi makambitsirano a United Nations onena za khalidwe la boma lodalirika mu Internet, zimathandiza mayiko kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kuti agwirizane. Zochita zambiri, monga Locked Shiets zolinganizidwa ndi NATO Cootative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence , zimathandiza mayiko kuteteza nyumba zotsukiratulidwa pamodzi.

Kumaliza: Kutengeka ndi Kutetezera Kochita Chidwi

Magulu apamwamba, odziŵa kuyendetsa zinthu, oopsa kwambiri. Anthu ofufuza, ofufuza zinthu, zigaŵenga, ndi mayiko a mitundu yonse ali ndi zolinga zopezerapo mwayi pa madongosolo amene ayendetsa dziko lathu. Palibe njira imodzi yothetsera mavuto, koma njira yogwirizana, kuyang'anira kopita patsogolo, maphunziro amphamvu a antchito, ndi kuwongolera kopitirizabe kungachepetse kwambiri ngozi. Maboma ndi chigawo cha munthu ziyenera kugwira ntchito ndi manja ake kuti akhazikitse miyezo, athandizene nzeru, ndi kukonzanso. Monga momwe malo oopsezawo amasinthira, chotero maluso athu. Zochita za ntchitozo zimayesedwa osati kokha m'madola, koma m'chisungiko, ndi kudalirana kwa anthu amakono. Kukhalabe ndi kusamala ndi kuyesayesa kwabwino.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, gwiritsani ntchito [[FLT: 0]. .CIZIA SECIRA SCITE SERVICE MPRELT tsamba , , [[FLT:] , .[FLT] NYUP] NUP . . N'ZOSUNGULANGA ZA MPUZIKO [[FLT:] , ndi [FLT:] , .