Malo otetezera a Australia amafotokozedwa ndi kuyandikira mwachindunji kwa malo ena ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi osalekeza ochitirako upandu. Kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia ndi Pacific zimaimira dera lapadera kumene ziwopsezo zingayende mofulumira, zikumakhudza zofuna za Australia, nzika, ndi malo otetezeka. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, Canberra wazindikira kuti kulimbana ndi uchigaŵenga sikungaleke kuima pamalire ake a m'nyanja. M’malo mwake, kumafuna kuti ubongo ukhale, kugwirizanitsa kwa asilikali, kutumiza ndalama, ndi kukonzanso nyumba zaudzu. Zimenezi zakhala zikupangitsa Australia kukhala mzati wapakati m'maumboni m'maudindo aakulu ndipo umafunikira kupitiriza kuyambitsa chiwopsezo.

Njira yolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Australia imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri, ndipo imayendera kwambiri kuposa pa kudalirana kwa asilikali kapena zigaŵenga. Imakhudza mphamvu za boma, chithandizo chachikulu cha kupita patsogolo, kumanga apolisi, ndi malamulo okhwima olinganizidwa kuthandiza mayiko kusokoneza, kuweruza, ndi kukonzanso. Kupanga kwa nthaŵi yaitali kumeneku kwa chitetezo cha anthu ndi zauchigwirizano kumamangidwa chifukwa cha kumvetsa kumene boma la kutha kwa ubongo, ulamuliro waumphaŵi, ndi kuchepetsa kwa anthu achuma kumayambitsa mikhalidwe ya kusinthika. Mwakuthetsa zifukwa zimenezi pamene magulu a zigaŵenga oopsa, Australia ikufuna kumanga malo otetezeka kwambiri kumene kumakhala malo ouma pang'ono.

Mfundo Yabwino Kwambiri: Kukhazikitsa Chiphunzitso cha M’deralo

Ma genesis amakono a Australia, kuukira kwauchigaŵenga kogwirizana ndi kugwedeza dziko kungapezeke pa zochitika ziŵiri: kuukira kwa dziko lapansi mu United States ndi, kuopsa kwa mabomba kwa 2002 Bali. Kuukira kwa Bali kunatha ku Australia. Kuwonongeka kwa miyoyo ya anthu 88 a Australia m'kuukira kogwirizana ndi Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) kunabweretsa chiwopsezo cha uchigaŵenga cha dziko lonselo pa khomo la Australia. Kunathetsa chinyengo chilichonse cha kudzipatula kwa dziko ndi kusonyeza kuti kusakhazikika kwa maderawo kungatembenuzire mwachindunji m'tsoka la dziko lonse. [FLT: 0] Komiti ya Low . Komiti ya .

Pambuyo pake, boma la Australia linasonkhezera ANZUS Treaty kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m'mbiri yake, kusonyeza kutsimikiza kwakukulu kwa nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga. Komabe, kusumika maganizo kwakukulu kunayambira kutsogolo kwa chigawo. Kukwera kwa JI, kumene kunali ndi maunansi olunjika ku Al-Qaeda, kuvumbula chigwirizano chogwira ntchito kwambiri ku Indonesia, Malaysia, ndi Philippines. Kumeneku kunasonkhezera malo otetezera apadera kuchokera ku nkhondo ya dziko lonse ya ku malo apakati ndi chigawo. Njira yotetezera ya Australia inatsimikizira kuti ikhale yotetezera ndi njira yachikhalire yachisungiko yachi. Mapepala a White a ku Australia ndi maiko ena achilendo kuchokera ku maiko apakati-2000 kutsogolo otchuka otsutsana ndi malo otchuka kwambiri, kuisunga mpangidwe lanzeru ndi kukonza kwa zisungwe zandale.

Mzati Woyamba: Chingwe Chotetezera Chopangidwa Mosintha

Njira za Australia zimadalira pa mapangano ambiri ndi njira zamwaŵi. Malo ameneŵa amapangidwa kutsimikizira kuti ndi odalirika, kulola asilikali oteteza kuti agwire ntchito kudutsa malire. Maziko ake amakhala pa kugwirizana kwamphamvu ndi mayiko aakulu a ku Southeast Asia, owonjezera pa mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri amene amakhazikitsa miyezo ya chigawo ndi kuthandizira kuti ntchito yoyendera limodzi iziyenda bwino.

Chitetezo cha ku Indonesia ndi Australia

Unansi ndi Indonesia uimira mgwirizano wofunika kwambiri wolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga wa Australia. Ngakhale kuti mbiri ya anthu yasinthasintha pa nkhani ya kudalirana kwa ndale, mgwirizano wa zachitetezo wakhalabe wamphamvu kwambiri. Malo a mgwirizano umenewu ndi Lombok Paratice (mwachikhalidwe cha Australia-Indonesia Security Agreement), yosainidwa mu 2006. Mapanganowa akupereka mgwirizano walamulo wogwirizana pa zigawenga zotsutsana ndi zigawenga, nzeru, kuteteza panthaŵi ya zamalonda, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo.

Chigwirizano chapadera cha apolisi, oweruza, ndi akatswiri ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana. Chimatumikira monga malo apakati a maluso otsutsana ndi malamulo a Enkorcement (JCLEC) . Kukhazikitsidwa mu 2004, JCLEC waphunzitsa maofesala apolisi, oweruza, ndi odziŵa za asilikali ochokera m'madera ena. Chimathandizira kuti agwirizane pa machitidwe otsutsana ndi upandu ndipo chathandiza kumanga mphamvu ya apolisi a ku Indonesia yosamalira mikhalidwe ya kugwidwa, kuphulitsa mabomba, ndi kufufuza kwa pa Intaneti. Chigwirizanocho chimafutukukiranso ku mayuniti apamwamba a asilikali, ndi Boma la Australian Defence (ADFF) ndi ku Indonesianthiration Forces (NI) yogwirizana ndi zochitika zogwirizana zogwirizana zogwirizana zotsutsana ndi zochitika za .

Kugwirizana ndi Philippines ndi Malaysia: Maritime Security Triangle

Kummwera kwa Philippines ndi malire a nyanja a kummaŵa kwa Malaysia amaimira khomo losinthasintha kumene magulu a zigaŵenga onga a Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) ndi gulu la Maute adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbiri yakale. Marawi Siege [1] [1] Lidali chenjezo lamphamvu la mphamvu ya ISSIS-af kulanda malo a tauni. Poyankha, Australia inakulitsa pangano lake. Mabomba a Australia anapereka chichirikizo chofufuza mofufuza pogwiritsa ntchito AP-3 Orion [1] Kunkhondo ya ku Philippines (AFP), pozungulira, poyenda kumene kudalirana kudalirana pakati pa mitundu iwiri.

Chigwirizano chimenechi chinakhazikitsidwa ndi kufutukulitsidwa kupyolera mwa Cooperative Atuulation (TCA) ndi Malaysia ndi Philippines, osainidwa mu 2017. TCA isumika pa chidziŵitso ndi kugawana ndi kugawana kwa asilikali a panyanja ku Selu ndi Celebes Seas, kukhazikitsa chigawo cha chitetezo chogwirizana kuti chitsutse zigaŵenga, apandu, ndi apandu oyenda m'mayiko ambiri omwe akuyendayenda pakati pa mayiko atatuwa. Australia imawononganso ndalama zambiri zomangira asilikali ndi a polisi, kupereka zipangizo, kuphunzitsa, ndi luntha kuthandizira kuipitsa zigawenga ku Mindana.

Kuteteza Pacific: Ukhondo ndi Kukhazikika

Zisumbu za Pacific zimapereka zitokoso zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga, kaŵirikaŵiri zogwirizanitsidwa ndi upandu wa m’maiko osiyanasiyana, kulephera kwa utsogoleri, ndi chiwawa cha mafuko a dziko. Australia ikuchita monga chotetezera chachikulu cha maiko ambiri a ku Pacific Islands. Boe Declaration on Regional Security , yovomerezedwa ndi zisumbu za Pacific Forum (PF) mu 2018, inali chikalata chotchuka chimene chinakulitsa mafotokozedwe a mwambo a za chisungiko kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa nyengo, ziwopsezo, ndi upandu wofalikira padziko lonse. Australia inalidi woyendetsa malo owonjezereka, amene amavomereza bwino kugwirizana pakati pa boma ndi kulimba kwa chiwawa.

Gawo lankhondo lapansi pa Pacific linali Regional Active Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI). Pamene kuli kwakuti ntchito yokhazikika, RAMSI inachotsa zida ndi kumangansonso magulu ankhondo a Royal Solomon Islands Police Force, kuthana ndi chiwopsezo cha chiwawa chosonkhezeredwa ndi ndale zadziko. Lerolino, Australian Federal Police (AFP) Pacific Transnational Crime Network maaweroa akuluakulu a bungwe lothandiza kumanga maiko awo aumboni, kutsimikizira kuti uchigaŵenga sutenga mizu ya Pacific monga momwe ulili m’madera ena.

Mphungu Yachiŵiri: Thandizo Logwira Ntchito ndi Lopangidwa Monga Gulu la Ankhondo Amitundumitundu

Kutetezeka koopsa kumakhala kothandiza kokha ngati mayiko amene akugwirira nawo limodzi ali ndi mphamvu yalamulo ndi ya boma yochitira milandu zigaŵenga ndi kuopseza anthu.

Programu ya Chithandizo cha Njira Zolimbana ndi Manerali (CTTAP)

Woyang'aniridwa ndi Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), , Triversiorism Methodicial Program (CTTPAP) ndi galimoto yaikulu ya Australia yoperekera ntchito. CTPAP imasumika pa kulimbitsa malamulo a maiko akugwirizana nawo kuti athe kuthana ndi uchigaŵenga pamene akuchirikiza ufulu wa anthu. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo malamulo okonza ndalama za zigawenga, chitetezo, ndi intercricrite. Imaperekanso maphunziro kwa oweruza ndi oimba mlandu wovuta kuyang'anira nkhani zauchigaŵenga, kutsimikizira kuti oukira boma amatsutsidwa bwino m’malo mwa kukhala ophera mlandu kwa anthu onse.

Kukakamiza Lamulo ndi Kugaŵana Nzeru

AFP ili ndi ndandanda ya padziko lonse yosayerekezereka m'chigawochi. Ndi maofesi a akuluakulu a boma ku Jakarta, Manila, ndi Port Moresby, AFP imatheketsa nzeru zenizeni kuthandizana ndi ntchito zogwirira ntchito pamodzi. Chigwirizano chimenechi n’chofunika kwambiri potumiza anthu auchigaŵenga ochokera m’mayiko ena, kusokoneza ziwawa, ndi kuyang'anira magulu a alaliki oukira boma. AFP imagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi bungwe la Australian Security Intelligence Organization (AI) ndi Office of National Intelligence (O) kuti apereke malingaliro ogwirizana ndi zigaŵenga za chigawo, kupanga chithunzi chofanana cha chitetezo.

Mphukuto Yachitatu: Kulimbana ndi Kuchotsa Mwachiwawa ndi Kumanga Mgwirizano wa Anthu

Australia imazindikira kuti kachitidwe ka nkhondo ndi apolisi kokha sikangagonjetse uchigaŵenga. Ziphunzitso ziyenera kutsutsidwa, ndipo anthu ayenera kuvomereza nkhani zotsutsa. Zimenezi zachititsa kuyambika kwa njira yachiwawa yokopa yachiwawa Extremism (CVVE) [1] njira imene imagwira ntchito pa mlingo wa udzu.

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu ndi Kukonza Makonzedwe a Kukonzanso Zinthu

Australia ndi kuchirikiza malo osungirako anthu ndi ogulitsa zinthu ku Indonesia ndi Malaysia, kugwira ntchito ndi NGO ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo a kumaloko kuti akonzere anthu akale ankhondo. Maprogramu ameneŵa amaika maganizo awo pa kulangiza ntchito, kulangiza za maganizo, ndi maphunziro a zaumulungu kuti achotse anthu pa ziphunzitso zotsutsa. Njira ya Australia imagogomezera kufunika kwa kukhala ndi katundu wa anthu, kuzindikira kuti oseŵera a kunja sangathe kungopereka zithunzi za CV. Mmalomwake, Australia imapereka malangizo a za ndalama ndi luso ku maprogramu onga a ndende za Indonesia, omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zigaŵenga kuwabwezeretsa m'chitaganya.

Kulankhula Modekha

Chigawo chachikulu cha CVE ndicho kukulitsa mawu oyenera m'midzi ya Asilamu. Australia imachirikiza misonkhano, maprogramu a oulutsa nkhani, ndi maphunziro amene amachirikiza kulolerana kwa chipembedzo ndi kugwirizanitsa zinthu. Mwa kugwirizana ndi mabungwe aakulu a anthu achisilamu mu Indonesia, monga Nadhlanul Ulama ndi Muhamiyah, Australia imathandiza kulimbitsa chizindikiro chachikulu cha Asilamu amene amakana chiwawa. Kutero ndiko kuloŵetsa ndalama kwanthaŵi yaitali pankhondo yachikhalidwe ndi Aslamu, cholinga cha kuwonjezera gulu la othekera kulowa usilikali.

Kuwopseza Kosatha: Kupha Apandu, Kupha Anthu, ndi Choloŵa cha ISIS

Kuopsa kwa dziko sikukuchitika mopitirira. Australia ayenera kutengera nthawi zonse zinthu zatsopano zimene zimayambitsa nkhondo komanso zotsatira za nkhondo zakale. Kugawikana kwa ISIS ku Syria ndi Iraq kwachititsa kuti pakhale gulu la asilikali omenya nkhondo komanso makina amphamvu kwambiri ofalitsa nkhani za pa Intaneti amene akupitirizabe kufalitsa nkhondo m’deralo.

Chitokoso cha Chigaŵenga cha Kunja

Chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu kwambiri a zachitetezo ndicho nkhani ya anthu auchigaŵenga akunja (FTFs) ndi mabanja awo. Anthu mazana ambiri ochokera ku Southeast Asia anapita ku Middle East kukamenyera ISSIS. Ambiri adakali m'ndende ku Suriya. Australia wagwira ntchito ndi anzawo a m'madera osiyanasiyana monga Philippines ndi Malaysia kuti ayang'anire anthu ameneŵa. Upandu ndi wakuti omenya nkhondowo amabwerera kwawo, kutumiza maluso awo ndi migwirizano yawo ku magulu ankhondo akwawo. [FLT: 0] United Nations yagogomezera chigawo cha kummwera kwa Asia monga malo ofunika kwambiri kuti ayang'anirepo FTFFFF:1. Australia imapereka nzeru ndi ochirikiza makompyuta kuti athandize ndi omenya nkhondo.

Kuopsa kwa Mantha ndi Mabodza Okopa Anthu

Magulu a zigawenga ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Intaneti. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma aupozi obisa mawu pokonza ndi kufalitsa mabodza a zauchigaŵenga kuti asinthe anthu. Australia yathandiza kuti agwirizane ndi ASEAN pothandiza kuti azichita zinthu zamakono komanso kuti athandize mayiko amene akugwirizana nawo kuyang'anira ndi kuchotsa zolembedwa ndi zigawenga pa Intaneti. Magulu a AFF's Cybercrime Akugwira ntchito pamodzi ndi apolisi a ku Southeast Asia kuti adziwe ndi kusokoneza njira zamakono zimene zimabera anthu ovutika kumayiko ena.

Kuwononga Ndalama kwa Wachigaŵenga

Kuchotsapo ndalama kuli maziko amakono olimbana ndi uchigaŵenga. Imalangiza ndi kuchirikiza kwambiri mabungwe a zachuma ku Pacific ndi Southeast Asia. Mwa kupanga mphamvu za kumaloko zofunsira malonda, Australia imathandizira kuletsa kusamutsira ndalama ku maselo a zigaŵenga. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kutengera ndalama za maprogramu okonza ndende kuti apeze mphamvu ndi kusiyanitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makampani opanga zikhoma ndi njira zamtengo wamwayi (monga ngati Hawala) ndi magulu onga JI kuti abweze ndalama.

Mavuto Okhalitsa Ndiponso Zomwe Zikuchitika

Ngakhale kuti kutomerana kwa Australia kwafika poipa kwambiri, mavuto aakulu atsala. Choyamba ndicho kuvuta kwa deralo. Kusakhazikika kwa ndale ku Myanmar, nkhani zopitirizabe za ulamuliro ku Papua New Guinea, ndi chiwopsezo cha ziphuphu chomwe chilipobe chingafooketse ngakhale maprogramu abwino kwambiri okonza ntchito. Vuto lachiŵiri ndi mpikisano wa zandale zadziko. Kukwera kwa China monga mnzake wamkulu wa chuma ndi chitetezo wa maiko ena a ku Pacific Island kumachititsa malo ozungulira dziko lapansi, nthaŵi zina kuchepetsa kuthekera kapena chisonkhezero cha Australia.

Kuphatikizanso apo, uchigaŵenga weniweniwo umasintha. Ngakhale kuti makampani aakulu, monga JI awonongeka kwambiri, chiwopsezocho chawonongeka. Kuukira kwa magetsi, kosonkhezeredwa ndi mabodza a pa Intaneti koma kochitidwa popanda lamulo lachindunji kuchokera ku gulu, nkovuta kuzindikira ndi kuletsa. Njira yamtsogolo ya Australia iyenera kukhala yosumika maganizo kwambiri pa ntchito yaudindo wa anthu, nzeru, kugawana, ndi kukulitsa kulimba mtima kwa maganizo polimbana ndi nkhani zowopsa. Chiwonetserochi chidzasinthira ku "Zatha zonse zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi mautumiki a kakhalidwe kuchirikiza chitetezo.

Kumaliza

Australia akugwirizana ndi uchigawenga ku Southeast Asia ndi Pacific monga umboni wa kuwona zinthu ndi kugwirizana kwamphamvu. Pazaka makumi aŵiri, Australia wamanga maluso ogwirizana, kuyambira pamapeto a nkhondo ndi maluso ku mphamvu yofeŵa ya mgwirizano wa chitaganya ndi kusintha kwa lamulo. Kupanga kumeneku kuli chisonyezero cha zenizeni zapadera za Australia: chisungiko chake nchosasintha kuchokera ku kukhazikika kwa chigawo chake chapafupi. Pamene chiwopsezocho, Australia ayenera kupitirizabe kugwirizanitsa, kukulitsa, ndi kusungidwa kwa kugwirizana kwake ndi anansi ake. Mtendere ndi chisungiko cha chigawochi chimadalira pa kudzipereka kopitirizabe kumeneku kwa ulamuliro ndi kuchirikiza chipambano.