Kufotokoza Kuwonekera mwa Kagulu Kampatuko

Kuyesa kuona zinthu kwasintha kuchokera pa malo oyenera kukhala magwero a ulamuliro wa demokrase wamakono. Pa kuonekera kwake kosavuta, kwa kagulu ka anthu kumatanthauza kuti zochita za boma, zosankha, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama za anthu n’zotseguka kuti aonedwe ndi nzika, anyuzi, ndi anthu. Kumasuka kumeneku sikungokhudza kutumiza mapepala pa Intaneti /It imaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa zinthu zomveka, za panthaŵi yake, ndi chidziŵitso chogwira ntchito chimene chimatheketsa anthu kumvetsa mmene zosankha zimakhudzira miyoyo yawo. Pamene maboma adzipereka kuonekera bwino, amapanga njira yovomerezeka: nzika zimayang'anira ntchito, zimafuna mafotokozedwe, ndi kusonkhezera za mtsogolo. Chotulukapo n’chivomereza, choŵerengera mlandu, ndi chodalirika.

Komabe, kuonekera sikuli kothera koma njira yopitirizabe. Kumafunikira malamulo omveka bwino, kusungitsa, ndi chikhalidwe chimene chimasunga kumasuka pachinsinsi. Pazaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo, maiko padziko lonse atengera njira zosiyanasiyana zosonyezera zinthu, kuyambira pa ufulu wa malamulo mpaka kukhazikitsa mapulatifomu operekera ndalama. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zasonkhezeredwa ndi kuzindikira kowonjezereka kuti maboma otchuka amapanga kukhutiritsa ndi katangale, pamene kuli kwakuti openyekera akopa kugula malonda, kuwongolera ntchito, ndi kupatsa nzika mphamvu.

Nkhani Yofunika Kwambiri ndi Yothandiza ya Boma Lotseguka

Kuŵerengera Mlandu Kuposa Zosankhidwa

Kuona zinthu moonekera kumalimbitsa kwambiri kuŵerengera kwa munthu amene anapanga chosankha, chifukwa chake, ndi zotsatirapo. Akuluakulu ndi antchito a boma amene amaonedwa kuti ndi otchuka kwambiri akadziŵa kuti ntchito zawo zidzakhala zoonekera. Mwachitsanzo, m’mayiko amene amafalitsa chidziŵitso chenicheni cha nthaŵi yake, kupikisana kumachepetsa ngozi ya kukhala ndi mphamvu ya munthu ndi mapangano ochulukitsitsa. Kuwonetsera kumeneku kumasintha kuyang'ana kwa anthu kukhala kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kumanga ndi Kuchirikiza Chikhulupiriro

Kudalira boma kwachepa m'mayiko ambiri zaka makumi ambiri zapitazi. Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zamphamvu kwambiri zoyambiranso kudalirana. Pamene nzika ziona mmene ndalama za msonkho zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, mmene malamulo amapangira, ndi mmene madandaulo amathetsedwa, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kuona boma kukhala lolungama ndi laluso. Maboma osonyeza zinthu mowonetsera amakhomerezedwa kwambiri ndi kuloŵetsedwamo m’makhoma a msonkho aufulu ndi kugawanamo mbali, kuyambitsa mkhalidwe wabwino wa pangano ndi kukhulupirirana.

Kuwononga Chinyengo Ndiponso Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Molakwika

Ziphuphu zimayenda bwino mumdima. Mwakufuna akuluakulu a boma kuvumbula zinthu, kufalitsa mapepala a nkhondo, ndi zolembera za msonkhano poyera kwa anthu, njira zosonyezera zimapangitsa malo kumene ziphuphu zimavuta kubisa. Transpactive International [ kapangidwe ka dongosolo kauyang'anira wamphamvu, monga ngati mabungwe odziyendera okha ndi madongosolo otsegulira zinthu, nthaŵi zonse amachepetsa ziganizo zachinyengo. Kutsegulira zinthu kumagwira ntchito monga ngati chitsenderezo, chifukwa chakuti kuthekera kwa kuvumbula kukuwonjezereka modabwitsa.

Kupatsa Mphamvu Nzika Yodziŵa Bwino Ntchito Yake

Nzika zokangalika, zodziŵa bwino nzofunika ku demokrase yathanzi. Kuyesa kusintha mapepala osadziŵika bwino kuti akhale achidziŵitso chimene anthu angagwiritsire ntchito kuti asinthe, ayambe mabizinesi, kapena kuti apereke oimira kuŵerengera. projekiti ya Boma la OECD Yotsegulira [1] imagogomezera mmene chidziŵitso cha maphunziro, thanzi, ndi ziwiya za m'mafakitale zimathandizira anthu kupeza malo osinthira zinthu. M'maumboni a anthu salandira ntchito popanda ntchito.

Njira Zazikulu Zoyambira Kuona Malo

Njira zamakono zosonyezera kuwala zimapangidwa m’njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo aliyense amalimbana ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za ntchito za boma.

Malo Otsegulira Zinthu ndi Malo Osungiramo Zinthu

Maboma padziko lonse akhazikitsa mapulatifomu a zolembalemba amene amafalitsa madeti a UK, Canada, mapangano, malamulo, ziŵerengero za upandu, mtundu wa malo, ndi zina zambiri. United States’s Data.gov anali pakati pa oyamba, kutsatiridwa ndi madoko ofananawo mu UK, Canada, France, ndi maiko ena ambiri. Masamu a pa maboti a ma format (CSV, JSON, API), kupangitsa kuti akhalenso oyenera ndi atolankhani, opititsa patsogolo, ndi ofufuza. Vutolo nlo silikufalitsidwa kokha koma likufalitsidwa koma lakufikira kumapeto ndi kuperekedwa m’njira yaubwenzi yaubwenzi.

Ufulu wa Chidziŵitso ndi Kufikira Malamulo a Chidziŵitso

Maiko oposa 120 tsopano ali ndi mtundu wina wa ufulu wa chidziŵitso (FAI). Malamulo ameneŵa amapereka ufulu walamulo wa kufunsira zikalata ndi zolembedwa kuchokera ku mabungwe a anthu, ndi kutsata kusungika kwa dziko ndi chinsinsi cha munthu. Ufulu wa Chidziŵitso cha Information Act wa UK uli chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi: uli ndi maulamuliro a anthu oposa 100,000 ndipo wagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuvumbula zinyalala, kulephera kwa malamulo, ndi kukopa mwachinsinsi. Komabe, FOI yogwira mtima imadalira pa kumasulira kosavuta ndi mabungwe aumboni aumwini amene angavomereze.

Kulinganiza Mabajeti a Onse ndi Kusinthasintha

Malamulo monga kulinganiza bajeti yothandiza ndi kutsegula ndalama zapamalopo amapatsa nzika windo ya mmene ndalama zimakwezedwera ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. International it Universue Backestrate Survement Survey's [1] Indation Survey imachita zinthu zosonyezeratu m'maiko. Maboma amene amafalitsa bajeti ya nzika mwaubwenzi amapeputsa, kupenda kwa zaka zapakati, ndi kuŵerengera malipoti a kupangitsa anthu kukhala oyang'anira. Ku Brazil, kulinganiza ndalama zothandizira m'mizinda monga Porto Alegreetre kwalola anthu kuvota pa zinthu zofunika za , kuwonjezeka ponse paŵiri kuwonana ndi kuwonana kwa pakati, ndi kuŵerengera.

Kupezeka pa Mabuku a Khoti ndi Malamulo

Kuona padera sikuli kokha kwa nthambi ya akuluakulu. Mayiko ambiri tsopano amatsutsana pa za makampani opanga mapepala a nyumba ya malamulo, kufalitsa zovota, ndi kupanga zigamulo za khoti kuti zikhalepo pa Intaneti. Kutsegulira milandu, monga kuulutsidwa kwa milandu ya Khoti Lalikulu ku United States ndi UK, kumathandiza nzika kuona mmene malamulo amasuliridwira ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuonekera kumeneku kumalimbitsa chikhulupiriro mwa oweruza ndi kuthandiza kutsimikizira kuti lamulolo likutsatiridwa mosasintha.

Zogwirizana ndi Kulimbana kwa Malamulo

Maboma apempha akuluakulu a boma kuti aulule katundu wawo, ndalama zimene amapeza, ndiponso kuti athane ndi mavuto ena. Mayiko monga Georgia, Indonesia, ndi Latvia apanga zikalata za pa Intaneti zimene nzika zingafufuze. Madongosolo amenewa amathandiza kuti anthu adziwe bwino chuma chosadziwika bwino komanso kuti akuluakulu aike mlandu pa zochita zimene zingalepheretse anthu kupeza phindu lawo. Komabe, kuchepetsa zinthu molakwika kumafuna njira zotsimikizirika zopeŵera zigamulo zabodza.

Zochitika Zosaiwalika za M’mbiri ndi Chisinthiko Chamakono

Kukakamiza kwa boma kuti pakhale kuonekera kwa kuwala kwakuya. Akatswiri a kuwala a 18 adatsutsa kuti anthu apeze chidziŵitso cha boma monga kupenda lamulo la Press Act . Sweden’s Freedom of the Press ya 1766, imene inakhazikitsa kupezeka kwa onse kwa zikalata zalamulo, kaŵirikaŵiri imalingaliridwa kukhala lamulo loyamba la FOI. M’zaka za zana la 20, Freedom of Information Act ya United States inakhala chitsanzo cha dziko lonse lapansi, ikumatsatiridwa ndi kufalikira kwa malamulo a kulondola malamulo mu 1990 ndi 2000.

Kusintha kwa makompyuta kunasintha kuwona kwa mapepala, njira yopangira zinthu kukhala ntchito yopanga zinthu. Kuyamba kwa Boma Plain internaship (OGP) mu 2011 kunasintha malo: maiko 78 tsopano amadzipereka ku zolinga za ntchito za dziko zimene zikuphatikizapo zoikika. Mamembala ake amaŵerengeredwa ndi mabungwe a anthu amene amayang'anira kupita patsogolo. Mgwirizanowo wachititsa kuti atengere mwamsanga kuinjika, kutumizanso mabuku opindulitsa, ndi kutsegula ndandanda ya za chilungamo.

Posachedwapa, mliri wa Chovid-19 unatsimikizira kupima. Maboma anakakamizidwa kufalitsa chidziŵitso cha mankhwala amwadzidzidzi, kuulula malamulo a katemera, ndi kugawana poyera zinthu zofalitsa. Mliriwu unavumbula mphamvu ya kutseguka kwa masamu (m’chitsanzo, maboards kutumiza ku mlingo wa matenda) ndi kulephera kwake (m’mphindi, kusoŵa chidziŵitso cha kuchuluka kwa anthu ovutika).

Kufufuza Matenda

United States: Kudziŵa Zinthu.gov ndi Kutseguka kwa Zida

Mu 2009, Data .gov imakhazikitsa mfundo za boma zokhudza ulimi, nyengo, maphunziro, thanzi, ndi zina zambiri. Pulogalamuyi tsopano ili ndi makompyuta oposa 200,000 ndi kuchirikiza AP Is kuti agwiritse ntchito nthawi yeniyeni. Chotsatira chimodzi chachikulu ndicho kuulutsidwa kwa zinthu za ndawala kudzera pa webusaiti ya Federal Econstruction Commission, imene atolankhani ndi magulu oyang'anira malowa amafufuza kuti apeze njira zoyendera. Komabe, mavuto akukhalabe: Makompyuta ambiri amawonongeka, ndipo aumboni a bungwe la boma asintha.

United Kingdom: Ufulu wa Chidziŵitso Chichitidwe Chochita

FOIA ya UK yachititsa mapempho zikwi zambiri chaka chilichonse, kuchokera ku mabungwe a tchalitchi chakwawo kwa Whitehall madipatimenti . Ofesi ya Information Commissioner imapereka chilolezo chaumwini. Malo apamwamba a project amaphatikizapo Kabinet Office ya mkati ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zowonongedwa za makampani, zimene zinatsogolera ku ku ku kulakwa kwakukulu ndi kusintha kotsatira. Mosasamala kanthu za zipambano zake, otsutsa amawona kuti kuchedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa kusazengedwa mlandu ", makamaka chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi lamulo.

Kenya: Kudziloŵetsa mu Umboni wa Chigwirizano ndi Mwini Dziko

Kenya adayambitsa kampani yake Yotsegulira Data ya Portal mu 2011, youziridwa ndi chitsanzo cha United States. Inayamba kufalitsidwa kuti ikhale ndi mandanda, malo a zaumoyo, ndi ziŵerengero za maphunziro. Magulu a nzika monga Twaweza [1] adagwiritsira ntchito zolembedwa kuyang'anira ndalama zimene boma limapereka ndi kuchititsa akuluakulu a boma kukhala ndi mlandu. Zokumana nazozo zinasonyeza kuti kutsegula kokha kulibe ndalama zokwanira . Nyumba yokhayo yokhayo imene nzikazo zimatha kumvetsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso n’njofunika mofanana. Pambuyo pake, Kenya anaphatikiza mfundo zotsegulira ntchito ntchito

Brazil: Kutengamo mbali pa bajeti

Kutengamo mbali kwa bajeti kunapangidwa mu Porto Alegre mu 1989 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo kwafalikira ku makampani oposa 1,500 padziko lonse. Mu Porto Alegre, nzika za dzikolo zimavota mmene zingapangire mbali ya ndalama za tauni, ndi misonkhano yochitidwa m'madera apafupi kukambitsirana zinthu zofunika. Njira imeneyi yagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusungitsa kwa anthu ukhondo, nyumba, ndi maphunziro, komanso kuchepetsa kulandidwa kwa zinthu. Kufufuza ndi [FLT: 0] Bank World imasonyeza kuti ndalama zothandizira kuwongolera zinthu pamene zikonzedwa bwino ndi malamulo omveka bwino ndi zoyang'anira.

Zolepheretsa Kukwaniritsa

Mosasamala kanthu za mapindu owonekera bwino, njira zosonyezera kuonekera zimayang'anizana ndi mphepo zopitirizabe. Chopinga chimodzi chachikulu ndicho kutsutsa kwa ndale zadziko: akuluakulu angaone kuwonekera kukhala chiwopsezo cha kulamulira kwawo chidziŵitso ndi chuma. M'maboma ambiri, mwambo wa ntchito za boma umakhala wosawoneka bwino, popanda chisonkhezero cha kuvumbula chidziŵitso. Zofuna zachinsinsi za apolisi zimayambitsanso kupsinjika kwa kusagwirizana kwa zinthu zowonongedwa pagulu ziyenera kulinganizidwira kulinganizika motsutsana ndi kutetezera chidziŵitso chaumwini, monga maina ndi maadiresikripiti a nzika.

Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndi ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri. Kumanga ndi kusunga madoko a pulogalamu kumafunikira antchito aluso, mapulogalamu a pulogalamu, ndi bajeti yopitirizabe. M’mayiko otsika amene ali ndi ndalama zambiri, maboma samakhala ndi mphamvu zothandizira zolembera, osawafalitsa m'mafaelo otha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, madoko oonekera bwino asintha msanga kapena osakwanira. Pomaliza, kusazindikira anthu kumafooketsa ngakhale zoyamba zabwino: nzika sizingadziŵe kuyenera kwawo kupempha chidziŵitso kapena kulowa m'malo a pa Intaneti.

Zoyesayesa Zothandiza Kuti Zinthu Zisinthe

Kuti asinthe kuchoka pa mlingo wapamwamba wogwirizana ndi kumasuka kwenikweni, maboma ndi anthu angatsatire njira zingapo zotsimikiziridwa:

  • Kuvumbula kwa Malamulo: Mmalo moyembekezera kaamba ka kupempha FOI, maboma ayenera kufalitsa mokhazikika ma appeti a matanthauzo a ma stags(mapepala, ma bajeti, malipoti oŵerengera ndi olephera. Mapangano a United States a Transparency Platform [1] Maboma a boma afunikira kufalitsa mwadala mathayo 200.
  • Kusintha kwa kuwerenga ndi kutulukira: Kuona mtima n’kothandiza kokha ngati anthu angakugwiritsire ntchito. Maboma ayenera kugwirizana ndi malaibulale, malo a chigawo, ndi masukulu kuphunzitsa nzika mmene zingapezere ndi kumasulira chidziŵitso cha anthu. Kumasulira zinenero zoonekera bwino ndi mabolodi ooneka kukhoza kutsitsa chopinga kuti aloŵe.
  • Woyang'anira wodziimira yekha: [[FLT :1] Mabungwe a Chidziŵitso, maofesi a anthu, ndi mabungwe aakulu oŵerengera mayeso ayenera kukhala ndi chuma ndi mphamvu zalamulo kusungitsa mathayo a kuwonana. Ayenera kutetezeredwa ku kuloŵerera kwa ndale zadziko ndi kupatsidwa malamulo omveka bwino olanga osasintha.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito zaumisiri kufeŵetsa ntchito za FOI: Kupempha pa Intaneti, kujambula, ndi kujambula makina kungachepetse kuchedwa. Mayiko onga Estonia apanga njira imodzi yodziŵira kuti anthu apereke FOI ndi kuzilemba m'nthaŵi yeniyeni.
  • Kugwirizana ndi anthu oonerera: Mabungwe adziko akugwira ntchito monga mameseji, kutembenuza chidziŵitso chocholoŵana m'nkhani zokambidwa. Maboma angapange malo olinganizidwa kumene magulu a anthu amapenda maumboni ndi kukhazikitsa malongosoledwe atsopano.
  • Kujambula m'mapepala: Kugwirizanitsa chidziŵitso chotseguka mwachindunji ndi ndandanda yopanga zosankha(chitsanzo, kufalitsa pangano la zinthu zotulukapo mwaubwenzi asanapereke mphoto [1] Opikisana ndi oŵerengera kuti aone zinthu zolakwika mwamsanga.

Kuyesa Kuona Bwino Malo

Kufufuza ngati njira zosonyezera maso zikuwongoleradi ulamuliro n’kofunika. Ma metrics akuphatikizapo ziŵerengero za ma data ofalitsidwa, FOI ndandanda ya kuonekera kwa madesiki, ndi ziphuphu. Komabe, ziyambukiro zapamapeto pa deti n’zovuta kuziyeza. Mwachitsanzo, kodi kutsegula chidziŵitso cha mmene sukulu imayendera kumatsogoleradi ku zotulukapo zabwinopo za maphunziro? Umboni woyambirira wochokera ku Menk Economic Review

Independeni, monga zija zochitidwa ndi International Bacter Officeship, fufuzani ngati maiko amafalitsa zikalata za bajeti za panthaŵi yake ndi za nzika. Mofananamo, Otsegulira Data Barometer amapenda kufikiridwa, kumasuka, ndi mphamvu ya madoko a boma. Ziŵiya zimenezi zimalola okonzanso kusintha zinthu kupita patsogolo, kuzindikira malo ake, ndi kukakamiza anthu kuti akonze njira zophunzitsira.

Zomwe Zikuchitika M’tsogolo: Kuoneka Bwino m’Nyengo ya Chiŵerengero cha Masamu

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, zivomerezo zambiri zidzaumba mbadwo wotsatira wa njira zosonyezera kuonekera. Luntha lopanga ndi kukonza chinenero chachilengedwe zingathandize nzika kusiyanitsa zikalata za malamulo kapena kuchotsa mfundo zofunika m'mapalagilamu zikwizikwi. Ma blockchain akufufuzidwa kaamba ka mapepala olemba ndi zolemba zosungidwa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kukwera kwa kusunthula kwa ma formformation ndi ma system a delmactive kubweretsa mavuto atsopano: Kuwonekera bwino ku njira imene maboma amagwiritsira ntchito ma algom popanga zosankha (m. g. edigable, faciation, polic).

Open Governmentpaneship posachedwapa inayambitsa chitokoso cha Boma chotseguka "Kufulula " kuti ifulumize mapangano a chilungamo, nyengo, ndi kuipitsa . Kuwona mtima kudzagwirizana ndi masinthidwe ena a ulamuliro, monga ngati zikalata zopindulitsa zovumbula anthu kumbuyo kwa makampani a ziphanga. Njira yowonjezereka yosonyeza kuonekera kwa makampani. Kuwonekedwa kwa makampani, ndale zadziko kutsegulidwa, ndi kukopa zikalata [1]

Chomaliza, ntchito ya nzika ipitirirabe kusintha kuchokera ku anthu olandira uthenga wotseguka ku makompyuta oonetsa magetsi ndi pulogalamu yosonyeza kuwala. Kufufuza anthu a m’dzikolo, kumene anthu odzipereka amafufuza nkhani za anthu, kwasonyeza kuti ku Uganda ndi ku Philippines kuli ndi lonjezo. Monga momwe luso la zopangapanga limachepetsera mtengo wa kugwirizana, kudalirana kwa boma ndi kuoneka kwa nzika kudzakhala kovuta, kuchititsa kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zizioneka mochititsa chidwi ndiponso mosasinthika.

Kumaliza

Malamulo oyendera njira zoonera zinthu achokera ku njira yothandiza kwambiri boma kuti likhale ndi udindo waukulu, lizidalirana, ndiponso liziyendetsa bwino. Mwa maboo, FII, kulinganiza, ndi zipangizo zamakono, maboma angachotse ntchito zawo ndi kutumiza uyang'aniro wa anthu. Komabe kuonekera sikufuna kuti anthu ayambe kudalira pandale, asungire ndalama, ndi kuti apereke zotsatira zenizeni. Njira ya m’tsogolo imaphatikizapo osati kungofalitsa zinthu zambiri, kutsimikizira kuti chidziŵitso n’choyenera, kukonzanso zosankha. Pamene chichitika, sichimasintha maunansi pakati pa boma ndi anthu, kuyala maziko a anthu ambiri.