Matauni ndiwo makampani a kuwonjezereka kwa chuma, kuyambika kwa zinthu, ndi chikhalidwe, komabe alinso oyendetsa kwambiri zinthu zamagetsi padziko lonse. Malinga ndi International Energy Agency (IEA) , mizinda imachita chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zonse ziŵiri mwa mphamvu za dziko ndi 70% ya gasi wotenthetsa dziko. Kwa mapulani, zimenezi zimapatsa zonse ziŵiri thayo lalikulu ndi mwaŵi wapadera. Kuyendetsa bwino kwa mphamvu za mizinda sikulinso chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti anthu asunge bwino, thanzi la anthu onse, ndi kuti apeze njira zamakono, ndi kukonzanso zinthu zina zofunika m’mudzi. Nkhaniyi imapereka chitsogozo chokwanira kukonza njira zoyendetsera ntchito, maluso a zamakono, ndi kukonza zinthu za m’malo osiyanasiyana kuthandiza anthu a m’mizinda.

Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu za M’matauni

Kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino magetsi m’mizinda, mabwana a m’mizinda ayenera choyamba kumvetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndiponso kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m’tauni kumayendera magawo atatu: nyumba (zosatsa malonda ndi malonda), zoyendera, ndi ntchito za maindasitale. M’mizinda yambiri, nyumba zokha zingapereke 40% mpaka 60% ya mphamvu zonse za magetsi, makamaka chifukwa cha kutenthetsa, kuzima, kuunikira, ndi katundu wa magetsi. Magalimoto akutsatira ndi galimoto zaumwini, kunyamula katundu, ndi makompyuta a zamalonda akuthandizira ntchito zazikulu.

Kuchuluka kwa anthu a m’mizinda kumawonjezera mavuto ameneŵa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi zochita kumachititsa kutentha kwadzaoneni kwa m’chilimwe pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kukukwera, kapena madzulo pamene anthu akukhala ndi katundu akuchuluka. Ukalamba, womangidwa zaka makumi ambiri zapitazo popanda miyezo yamakono, kutayidwa kwa zinthu. Kuwonjezera apo, kupita m’mizinda mofulumira m'maiko omatukuka kukuwonjezera mphamvu zatsopano zogulira mphamvu chaka chilichonse. United Nations ikusimba kuti mizinda tsopano ikukhala 55% ya anthu a padziko lonse, chiŵerengero choyembekezeredwa kufika pa 68% pofika 2050. Popanda ntchito yachiwawa, mphamvu ya m’mizinda ingawonjezeredwe ndi 40% kapena kuposa zaka makumi aŵiri zotsatira.

Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kutsatira njira yopezera mphamvu. M’malo mogwiritsa ntchito magetsi owala bwino m’misewu pano, mapulogalamu a dzuŵa a magetsi a m’derali amafunika njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kulumikizana pakati pa nyumba, zoyendera, zoyendera, zoyendera, ndi khalidwe la anthu. Izi zimafunikira kusonkhanitsa zinthu zolembedwa, kugwirizanitsa anthu oyendetsa zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a magetsi kuzungulira madera ndi chigawo. Ndi mmene mabwana angakonzere zopimira zofunikira ndi zothandizira.

Makhoti Ochepetsa Mphamvu za M’matauni

Kuti achepetse mphamvu zamagetsi m’mizinda, amafunika kuti apange njira zopangira zinthu monga luso lamakono, malamulo, ndi khalidwe.

Madzi Ochenjera ndi Zinthu Zogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a magetsi ku maziko a mapulani alionse oyendetsera mphamvu. Ma gripts amasiku ano amagwira ntchito pa njira imodzi yoyendera magetsi kuchokera ku zomera zapakati kupita kwa anthu, popanda kuonekera bwino ku zinthu zenizeni. Mazira apamwamba, poyerekezera, gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zamakono, zipangizo zoyendetsera zinthu (AMI), ndi njira ziwiri zolankhulira kuyang'anira ndi kuyendetsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Zimenezi zimathandiza mabwana a mzinda kuzindikira kutsika kwa mawiro, katundu wolingana kudutsa pa wilo, ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zotulutsira zinthu monga dzuwa ndi mphepo popanda kugwedeza dongosolo la zinthu.

Mwachitsanzo, mamita anzeru opangidwa mumzinda angapereke chidziŵitso chochuluka pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapanyumba ndi zamalonda. Maluso angagwiritsire ntchito chidziŵitso chimenechi kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, kulimbikitsa ogwiritsira ntchito kuchotsa mphamvu zamagetsi kwa maola 20% kuchotsa mphamvu zamagetsi ku nyumba za anthu ndi 30% kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kudzera m'makompyuta oyendera. Mabwana a mizinda angafufuze mayanjano ndi makampani a zoyendetsa ndege, kuyambitsa ntchito zaluso. Ku Barcelona, kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba zapamwamba za magetsi za mzinda kuwonjezera 20% m'mafakitale a anthu onse ndi makampani 30% a madzi. Mabwa a m'mizinda afunikira kupenda mapulogalamu a ojambula ndi zipangizo zamakono kuti apange mapulogalamu okongola, ndi makampani oyendera mapulogalamu a m'malu okongola a misewu.

Makampani amathandiza kuti zinthu zizichitika mwangozi pa Intaneti komanso kuti zinthu zizidziwika bwino.

Kusintha Mphamvu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi

Kusintha kuchokera ku zinthu zopangira mafuta za pansi pa nthaka ku magwero a mphamvu okonzedwanso kuli imodzi ya njira zachindunji kwambiri zochepetsera kukwera kwa mapazi a carbon ndi mphamvu za mzinda. Madongosolo a dzuŵa a photovoltaic (PV), mphepo, mapombi a tromalmas, ndi ziŵiya za biomas zonse zingathandizire ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mphamvu yolimba. Matauni ambiri aikapo zikole zamphamvu za mzinda, mwachitsanzo, maripoti a MPOLO , kuti mizinda yoposa 100 padziko lonse tsopano ikhoza kuthandizira kupangitsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku zinthu zobwezedwa.

Mamanejala a mizinda angafulumire kulera ana kudzera m'ziwiya zingapo. Choyamba, mitsinje imathandiza ndi kumanga nyumba za dzuŵa pa nyumba ndi pamalonda. Chachiŵiri, gwiritsirani ntchito mphamvu ya kamsika yogulira mphamvu kugula mwachindunji mwa kugula mapangano a mphamvu (PPS) ku nyumba za anthu onse, masukulu, ndi magetsi a m’khwalala. Yachitatu, amakulitsa minda ya maluŵa ya dzuŵa imene imalola obwereka ndi mabanja olandira bwino kupindula ndi mphamvu ya dzuŵa popanda kuika malo awo padenga. Chachinayi, amamanga kapena mnzawo pa maprojekiti omanganso malo otetezeka bwino a pansi pa nthaka, mabwibwi, kapena magalimoto oimika.

Mabatala ndi zipangizo zina zosungira zinthu zimatha kubwezeretsa zinthu zina ndi kuchotsa zinthu zina zofunikira kwambiri panthawi ya kuchuluka kwa anthu, kupeta, . Ku California, mizinda monga San Diego yalumikiza kukwera kwa dzuwa ndi mabatire kuti apeze njira yoyambiranso ku grid. Oyang'anira ayeneranso kuona ma microgrid: magroup opangidwa ndi malo oyenerera amene angatulutse kuchokera ku magetsi ndi kugwira ntchito popanda kutuluka, ndi mphamvu ya mawindo ndi zisungiko. Madongosolo otero amakulitsa mphamvu ya kuyang'anizana ndi zochitika zanyengo.

Kumanga Zinthu Zothandiza Ndiponso Zopindulitsa Kwambiri

Malo ambiri akukhala kwa nthaŵi yaitali . Nyumba zambiri za m’tauni zidzakhala zitaimabe mu 2050. Choncho, kumanga nyumba zimene zilipo ndi madongosolo a mphamvu yamagetsi n’kofunika. Makampani okonza mphamvu zamagetsi angachepetse mphamvu za nyumba ndi 30% mpaka 50% mwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera, mawindo apamwamba, LDED magetsi, madongosolo a HVAC, ndi makompyuta a makampani atsopano. Makampani a mizinda angasungitse malamulo owonjezera mphamvu opangira ukonde kapena ukonde. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba zoyendamo zakhala zolandiridwa bwino m’mizinda ngati ndi Vancouver na New York, kukongoletsa ndi kutenthetsa magalimoto.

Kugulitsa zinthu kudakalibe chopinga, koma njira zatsopano zikukhalapo. Maprogramu a malo a Assessed Cec Energy (PACE) amalola eni ake kuwongolera mphamvu mwa kupenda kwapadera pa ndalama za msonkho wa katundu, zolipiridwa pa zaka 15-20. Mabanki a Green, monga aja a ku Connecticut ndi New York, amapereka ndalama zochepera zochitira ntchito. Mabwanala a mizinda angapangenso malamulo olemba ndi kujambula ndi kuulutsa zimene zimafuna nyumba zazikulu kuti ziperekere ntchito yawo yamphamvu poyera, kupanga malonda a malonda a malonda a kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, Lamulo la New York City lakuyendetsa zinthu zambiri kuyambira kuimbidwa kwake.

Kuposa pa maluso a zaluso, mizinda iyenera kuphatikiza ntchito: kuphunzitsa omanga malo kuti afufuze mphamvu zamagetsi, kukonza bwino HVAC, ndi kuika dzuwa kumapanga ntchito pamene akumanga malo opita patsogolo. Mayanjano a anthu onse (PPP) angagwirizanitse ntchito zokonza nyumba zambiri kuti apeze chuma, kuchepetsa mtengo wa yunifomu imodzi.

Kufufuza Zoyendera za M’matauni

Kawirikawiri njira yoyendera ndi yokulira kwambiri m’mizinda, makamaka m’madera odalira galimoto. Magalimoto oyendera anthu kupita ku mabasi, magalimoto, ndi manjinga zamoto . Zimapereka njira yoyera yochepetsera kudalira mafuta. Koma mafuta okha si okwanira; ayenera kuyendera limodzi ndi kuyendera galimoto, kuyenda, ndi kukwera njinga kuti achepetse galimoto.

Mamanejala a mizinda angatsogolere mwachitsanzo: kutembenuza zombo za m'makampani a m'makampani a m'dziko, magalimoto apolisi, mabasi) ku magalimoto amagetsi (EV) kumapangitsa kufunidwa ndi kumanga nyumba zoyendetsera. Iwo angalolenso kulola anthu ndi malo antchito oyendetsera ntchito, ndi kupereka zisonkhezero zonga ngati kuperekedwa kwa njira, kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera zoyendera galimoto, kapena kubwezeretsa ndalama zogulira zinthu za EV. Kuyenda kwa anthu ambiri, kukonza basi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Matauni onga Shenzhen , China, asintha kwambiri zoyendera magalimoto a mabasi, kutulutsa phokoso ndi kuipitsa zinthu. Panthaŵiyi, zoyendetsera ndalama zamagetsi, zoyendera pansi panja, ndi njinga zoyendera zoyendera pansi poyenda.

Chofunika kwambiri nchakuti, girediyo iyenera kukhala yokonzeka kaamba ka kuwonjezereka kwa kufunidwa kwa ndalama. Malo oyendetsera zinthu amene amawononga nthaŵi ya maola apeak kapena pamene mbadwo wokonzeka wakwera angapeŵe kuchulukitsa mlingo. Tekinoloji ya Vehicle-togrid (V2G) iyenera kulola ma elev kubwezera mphamvu ku magetsi panthaŵi ya matheko, kutembenuza galimoto kukhala zipangizo zamagetsi zogaŵira magetsi. Kukonza zoyendera ndi kulinganiza mphamvu yamagetsi nkofunika kuti awonjezere phindu ndi kupeŵa kukwera kwa magetsi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu za Mphamvu ya Zinthu

Intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT), luntha lopanga (III), ndi makina opita patsogolo amapereka zipangizo zamphamvu zothandizira kukonza bwino mphamvu zamagetsi m’mizinda. Mwa kutumiza zipangizo zoyendera kudutsa nyumba, misewu, mapompa a madzi, ndi madongosolo oyendera, mabwana a mzinda angayang'ane mphamvu zogwiritsidwa ntchito m’nthaŵi yeniyeni ndi kuzindikira kuti inerfficienciations yomwe inali yosaoneka kale. Maajensi a makina angadziŵitse njira zofunikira ndi zolondola kwambiri, kutheketsa masinthidwe okhazikika kuti atenthe, achedwe, ndi ndandanda ya ndandanda ya . Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo lakuwala la mseŵeruka la m’khwalala likhoza kuzima ngati palibe oyenda kapena magalimoto omwe alipo, akumasunga 60% ya mphamvu poyerekezera ndi yamwambo.

Mabwana a mizinda ayenera kuikiza ndalama ku malo osungirako mphamvu zamagetsi (kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa "mapasa a maambulera" amene amasintha zinthu kuchokera ku ntchito zonse za m'mamitawa. Pulogalamu imeneyi ingathe kugwiritsa ntchito maseŵero oyesa kusintha kwa malamulo, kuyendetsa zinthu, kapena kuloŵerera kwa khalidwe asanaikidwe. Madongosolo a mathekishoni a zinthu angapereke mphamvu zambiri zothandizira kagulu ka chinsinsi ka magetsi. Maselowa angayambitse mapulogalamu ndi mautumiki amene amathandiza anthu okhala m’tauni kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Chitsanzo chodziŵika ndicho mgwirizano pakati pa Amsterdam ndi Amsterdam ndi Amsterdam Institute for Ed Metropolitan, imene imagwira ntchito zoyendera zojambula mawu kupanga mapu atsatanetsatane a mphamvu za mzindawo, kutsogolera ntchito ntchito zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Kuti adziŵe bwino lomwe kuthekera kwa kuyang'anira zinthu, mizinda iyenera kutsimikizira kugwirizana pakati pa madongosolo osiyanasiyana ndi ma data a silos. Malamulo olinganizidwa monga chitsanzo cha Haystank semante yothandiza kugwirizanitsa zinthu. Kuwonjezera apo, chitetezo chachinsinsi chiyenera kutenthedwa, makamaka posonkhanitsa chidziŵitso m'nyumba zokhalamo anthu. Kuchotsa mawu obisika ndi malamulo a osankhidwa kumasungidwa ndi anthu onse.

Kuloŵa M’gulu ndi Kusintha Khalidwe

Njira ndi malamulo pazokha sizingakwanire popanda kutengamo mbali mokangalika kwa anthu okhala m’malo ndi mabizinesi. Kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi kumakhala kuchuluka kwa zosankha za munthu aliyense payekha . Ndi kutentha kotani kumene kungakhazikitse thermostat, kaya kuyendetsa kapena kuyendetsa, ndi zipangizo ziti zogulira, ndi mmene angawonongere. Mabwana a mizinda angachirikize chikhalidwe cha kuzindikira mphamvu ya magetsi ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwa maprogramu ogwirizana bwino ndi pangano.

Njira zothandiza zimaphatikizapo mavuto a mphamvu zamagetsi amene anthu amalimbana nawo popikisana ndi anzawo kuti achepetse ndalama zimene amawononga, ndi kutchuka kwa anthu. Kuyendera madera osiyanasiyana kwathandiza mabanja kuyerekezera mphamvu zawo ndi anansi awo. Zasonyezedwa kuti zikuchepetsa 2% mpaka 10% m'mayeso ongochitika okha. Kupereka kutsimikizira koonekera bwino kwa m'maonekedwe a nyumba kapena malipoti a magetsi a mwezi ndi mwezi kumathandiza mabanja kuona mmene khalidwe lawo likukhudzira. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Seattle "Egy Benchmarking" pulogalamu ya siima kungopereka mbiri ya munthuwekha komanso kupereka chikalata ndi zikalata zolangiza, zomwe zikutsogolera ku ku ku kuchepetsa kwa avaredi 5% ya mphamvu ya pa zaka zitatu.

Zisonkhezero za zandalamanso. Maprogramu a ENERGY STRAR, makampani aulere apanyumba, ndi kulinganiza kwa nyengo angachepetse mtengo wa kuwongolera kwa chipambano. Kwa anthu ochepera a pa kampani, "opanda ndalama" maprogramu amene amaika LDED ndi makampani osachitapo kanthu popanda kuyendetsa bwino angathe kupambana mwamsanga pamene akuyendetsa zinthu. Mabwana a mzinda ayeneranso kuloŵa m'mabizinesi ndi mabungwe a kumaloko, mayunivesite, mahotelateshoni, "makampani" mapulogalamu a pulogalamu a magetsi amene azindikira utsogoleri wa mphamvu. Kuthandiza anthuwo sikuli mkupi wankhondo imodzi yochokera; kumafuna kupambana mofulumira pogwiritsira ntchito zofalitsa za mayanjano, misonkhano, masukulu, ndi mabungwe ochirikiza chikhulupiriro. Kumanga ndi kuonetsa magetsi kwamphamvu.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina ndi Makina

Maluso oyendetsera mphamvu zamagetsi amafunika kukhazikitsa malamulo odalirika ndi kudalirika kwa ndalama. Mabwana a mizinda angakonzere kuphatikiza zida zoyendetsera, zoyendera malonda, ndi mayanjano a anthu kuti ayese njira zoperekera mphamvu. Malamulo ofunika amaphatikizapo: miyezo yamphamvu ya magetsi (AAMERI) imene imafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze ndalama zosungidwa pachaka; kukonza miyezo imene imafuna kuti nyumba zikhale zogwira ntchito bwino zigwirizane ndi zizindikiro za nthaŵi yake; ndi kukonza malamulo amene amalimbikitsa kulinganiza, kuyambitsa kwa kagwiridwe kakedwe ka zinthu kamodzi kuti zichepetse mphamvu ya zoyendera.

Kugulitsa ndalama ndi chintchito chachikulu kwambiri. M'chaka cha 2023, makampani opanga mabizinesi opanga maatomu amene afotokozedwa m’nkhani ino. Makampani ambiri amapanga malo opangira zinthu, kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri , kukonzanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri . Makampani ena angaziyang'ane ku mabotolo obiriwira, amene ayamba kukhala zipangizo zothandizira kuchirikiza nyengo ndi mphamvu za dziko lapansi. Mu 2023, makampani apadziko lonse opanga mabizinesi obiriwira opitirira madola 500,000,000, ndipo amalipira kuchokera ku mayiko kapena mabungwe a dziko lapansi monga London, Paris, ndi Tokyo pakati pa anthu ambiri opanga ndalama zambiri. Ziwitso zina za ndalama zothandizira ndalama zothandizira kulipira ndalama (kubanki za tsogolo zija zimabwezeretsa ndalama zoyendetseredwa ku ntchito zamagetsi), mapangano a ntchito (kumene kampani osunga ndalama zosungidwa ndi ndalama zoyendetsera mphamvu ndipo amalipira kuchokera kwa iwo) ndipo ku mayiko kapena mayiko kapena mabungwe monga dziko kapena mabungwe a World Motivement.

Mamanejala a mizinda ayeneranso kuyesa kupanga mgwirizano wa anthu onse. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda ungakhale ndi kampani yachinsinsi yogwiritsa ntchito magetsi a m’khwalala popanda kukwera mtengo, kampaniyo ikukonzanso magetsi ake mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndandanda ya magetsi pa pangano. Mofananamo, okonza zinthu angapangitsedwe kuti achuluke ndi mphamvu posinthanitsa ndi makampani otsala kuti apeze ndalama zotsala kapena kulola. Kukonza ndalama zotsala ndi cholinga cha nthaŵi yaitali cha mphamvu ndiyo mfungulo yotsegula malikulu ofunika.

Kugonjetsa Mavuto Ofala

Ngakhale ndi njira zabwino kwambiri, mabwana a mzinda adzayang'anizana ndi mavuto. Kukalamba kungapangitse kukhala kovuta kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zatsopano . Mapipi, mawaya, ndi masiteshoni kungafunikire kusinthidwa zigawo za malungo apamwamba zisanagwire ntchito. Malamulo oletsa, kusintha kwa ndale zadziko, ndi kupikisana (kutetezera anthu onse, maphunziro) kaŵirikaŵiri kumasonkhezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kuwonjezera apo, kugwirizanitsa madipatimenti osiyanasiyana (zoyendera, zoyendera, zoyendera, ndalama) kukhoza kudzaza ndi ziwinjiringirizo ndi mapulogalamu opikisana.

Kugonjetsa mavuto ameneŵa, mabwana ayenera kuyamba ndi ntchito zaing'ono, zooneka ndi zopangapanga zimene zimasonyeza chipambano ndi kumanga. "Kugwetsa chipatso" kufika . Kuika masitepe owonongetsa ndalama zambiri choyamba (m’chitsanzo, kutembenuza magetsi a m’khwalala, kupanga pulogalamu ya kutumiza magetsi, kukonza ndi kusungitsa ndalama zimene zimasungidwa. Kumanga ofesi yamagetsi kapena ntchito yokhala ndi mtanda wowolowera kumathandizira kuswa masiteshoni a mtengo. Kulowa m'mbuyo ndi kugula kwa akuluakulu a misewu yosankhidwa kudzera m'kulankhulana koyera bwino (job, zosunga ndalama, zathanga) kungateteze ntchito za ndale zandale. Pomalizira pake, thandizo lapamwamba lakunja kuchokera ku mabungwe onga a bungwe la Urbacteability Medies kapena A Cern Acrodevity.

Njira Ikupita Patsogolo

Kuyang'anira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi m’mizinda ndi chimodzi cha zovuta zazikulu kwambiri . Ndi mipata ya nthaŵi yathu. Njira zosonyezedwa pano "magrount project , mphamvu yomakonzanso, kukonzanso, kusanthula, kutumiza zinthu, kukhazikitsa magetsi, ndi kukonza ndalama za anthu, sinthani zipangizo zofunikira kwa oyang'anira mizinda. Koma luso ndi njira zoyendetsera zinthu zokha sizingakwanire. Kusintha kwenikweni kumafuna utsogoleri: kufunitsitsa kuika zitsogozo zokhumba, kulinganiza bwino, ndi kusintha kumene kumachitika pamene zinthu zatsopano ziyamba kuchitika.

Mizinda imene ipambana sidzangochepetsa kokha ndalama zawo zoyendera magetsi ndi kutulutsa; idzakhala yopikisana, yathanzi, ndi yolimba kwambiri. Nzika zidzasangalala ndi mpweya woyera, ndalama zoyendera zamagetsi zotsika, ndi mautumiki odalirika. Kwa mabwana a mzinda, nthaŵi ya kuchitapo kanthu. Mwakuphatikiza kuyendetsa mphamvu m'mbali iliyonse ya kulinganiza ndi ntchito za m’mizinda, tingamange mizinda imene imakula bwino m’mapulaneti ndi kupereka mtundu wa moyo wabwino kwa mibadwo yakudza. Ulendowo umayamba ndi mita imodzi yapamwamba, nyumba imodzi yokongola, ngakhale ndi mudzi umodzi wogwirizana.