Kuzindikira Msonkho wa Ndalama za ku Australia Wochirikiza Kusamalira Zachilengedwe

Chiphunzitso chachilengedwe cha Australia — kuyambira ku Great Barrier Reef mpaka kumadera akumidzi ouma — chimayang'anizana ndi chitsenderezo chomakulakula chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malo. Pochita zimenezi, Treasury yapanga zinthu zothandizira kupereka msonkho zimene zimapindulitsa anthu, makampani, ndi eni malo osungira zinthu zachilengedwe. Malamulo ameneŵa amasintha kwambiri kuti athandize kuteteza zinthu zachilengedwe, kuchepetsa kutulutsa carbon, ndi kubwezeretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo. Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi akatswiri a za malamulo, amazindikira mmene zisonkhetso zimenezi zililizo kugwirizanitsa kuzungulira malamulo a za malo ndi ntchito ya malo okhala ndi malo okhala.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka kusweka kwakukulu kwa njira ya Kayendedwe ka zinthu za Australia, yosonyeza kuchepa kwa msonkho, ngongole, ndi kukwera kwa ndalama kofulumira, limodzinso ndi njira zenizeni zopezera mphamvu zoyambiranso, kukonzanso malo okhala, ndi mapangano otetezera. Imapendanso chiyambukiro chenicheni cha malamulo ameneŵa ndi kupenda njira zamtsogolo.

Maziko a Kusonkhezera Msonkho wa Malo Okhala

Zisonkhezero za msonkho zimagwira ntchito monga mtundu wa ndalama zosatchulidwa za boma. Mmalo mwa kupereka ndalama zachindunji, Khirisimasi ya ndalama zothandizira kulimbikitsa makhalidwe ofunidwa. M'malo mwa malo ozungulira, zisonkhezero zimenezi zimachepetsa mtengo wa pambuyo pa misonkho ya ntchito yotetezera, kupangitsa izo kukhala zopindulitsa paunyinji wa otengamo. Lite n’lomveka: kutetezera kaŵirikaŵiri kumatulutsa katundu wa anthu (mpweya woyera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, kutsatsa malonda a carbon) amene amasungidwa. Mwa kuchepetsa mtengo wapansi kwa padera, zisonkhetso za msonkho zimathandiza kutseka mpata pakati pa zobwezera ndi mapindu a anthu.

Zinthu zitatu zimene zimapanga dziko la Australia ndizo: kuchepetsa ndalama, kukwera kwa ngongole, ndi kukwera kwa mitengo kofulumira.

Zikole za Msonkho Zotetezera

Mtundu wofala wa chisonkhezero ndi kuchepetsa msonkho, umene umachepetsa ndalama zopimira msonkho woŵerengeredwa ndi ndalama zimene wopereka msonkho amawonongera pa kuyenerera kwa ntchito za malo ozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, mlimi amene amawononga ndalama kuti asawononge ziŵeto ku malo olandirira ndalama. Mofananamo, mabizinesi amene amawononga ndalama za malo ozungulira, kubzala, kapena kuyendetsa zinthu angapereke ndalama zokwezedwa pansi pa makonzedwe a [[FL:0] Kubweza Mtengo wa [FLT].

Makampani amathandiza kwambiri mabungwe amene ali ndi misonkho yapamwamba. Kampani yolipira 30% ya makampani imalandira ndalama 30% pa K95 iliyonse imene imawonongedwa pa ntchito yoteteza yosadalirika. Kwa anthu, miyeso yopindulitsa ndi mlingo wawo wa m’mphepete, yomwe ingakhale yokwera kufika pa 45% (kuwonjezera pa ma Medicare levy).

Magulu ochotsapo zinthu amaphatikizapo:

  • Makonzedwe a zachitetezo cha dziko: Ndalama zotetezera dothi, kugwetsa, ndi ntchito za madzi omwa mwazi zimatha kuwonongeka m'chaka choyambitsidwa pa Division 40 ya ITAA 1997.
  • Zowonongedwa za chitetezo chamwambo: Kutetezera kapena kuchotsa kuipitsa, monga kuika makompyuta kapena kuyeretsa malo oipitsidwa, zingayenerere pansi pa Chigawo 8-1 (ndalama) kapena makonzedwe apadera.
  • Mapangano a kuchepetsa: Oloŵa m'mapangano otetezera osatha ndi mabungwe onga Trust ya Nature kapena Tasmanian Land Conservancy anganene zonulirapo kaamba ka kuchepetsedwa kwa mtengo wa nthaka ndi mtengo wa kuyendetsa zinthu.

Mathayo a Msonkho Chifukwa cha Mphamvu Zokonzedwanso ndi Umisiri Woyera

Ngakhale kuti ndalama zochepetsera ndalama zimene munthu angakhometsere msonkho, ngongole za msonkho zimachepetsa mwachindunji ndalama zimene amakhometsa msonkho.

Chitsanzo chapadera kwambiri chamakono ndicho Kachipangizo ka mphamvu yosinthanso kawirikawiri, kachiyambukiro kake n’kamodzi. Kachipangizoka kamafanana ndi msonkho. Kuwonjezera apo, Kachipangizo katsopano ka mphamvu ya magetsi, kamphepo ka mphepo, ndi kayendedwe ka dzuŵa ka mawilo a madzi. Ngakhale kuti kachipangizo kachiwiri kake kamakhala kofanana ndi msonkho. Kachitidwe kake kake kake kamafanana ndi ka msonkho. [[FLT:] Kachipidika ka mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthasintha mphamvu ya magetsi [[FT:] [FT] [GOLT3] (G.GOLTT]) kamphamvu yoyera imene imagwiritsira ntchito njira yapadera imene imapindulitsa mathireti aakulu, ngakhale kuti ntchito ntchito ntchito malo a ngongole a KLATS]

Mu 2023, boma linalengeza programu ya Hydrogen Headstart [FLT :1], yomwe imaphatikizapo kutulutsa mangawa a hydrogen yobiriŵira — mokhutiritsa chiwongolero cha msonkho wa opanga. Izi zikuimira chikhoterero chomakula cha kugwiritsira ntchito njira za ngongole ku de-risk kutulukira umisiri woyera.

Kukwera mtengo kwa mitengo ya maluŵa kwasintha mofulumira

Kutsika mofulumira kumachititsa mabizinesi kuchepetsa ndalama zimene amafunikira m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa katundu, kuwongolera kuyenda kwa ndalama ndi kuchepetsa nthaŵi yobwezera ndalama pa kusungitsa malo okhala. Treasury imapereka zimenezi kaamba ka zinthu zonga ngati:

  • Makompyuta ounikira dzuwa
  • Mabande osungiramo batire
  • Magetsi owala komanso makompyuta a HVAC
  • Galimoto yamagetsi yoyendetsa zinthu
  • Zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito pokonza madzi ndi kutunga madzi a mvula

Pansi pa Katundu wa Zakudya Zokwanira (kufikira pakati pa 2023), makampani angachotse mwamsanga mtengo wa zinthu zonse zoyenerera, kuphatikizapo zija zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kaamba ka zifuno za malo. Pamene kuli kwakuti makonzedwe a kanthaŵi atha, chuma chapadera [[FLT:] cholemba cha mabizinesi aang'ono (okhala ndi $200,000) chikupitirizabe kugwira ntchito, ndipo pali maawa oitanira kukwera kwa nthaŵi yosatha kaamba ka chuma chobiriwira.

Ulemu ndi Zoyamba Zake Zosatsatiridwa

Kumvetsetsa madongosolo ameneŵa kumathandiza kumvetsetsa amene akuyenerera, ntchito zimene zikuchirikizidwa, ndi mmene zisonkhezerozo zimagwirizanira ndi maprogramu ena a boma.

Mapangano Oteteza Msonkho

Imodzi ya njira zatsopano kwambiri za Australia ndiyo kuchepetsa msonkho woloŵa m'mapangano osungidwa osatha. Pansi pa Gawo 30-275 la ITAA 1997, eni nthaka amene amapereka pangano lotetezera dziko lawo kwa wolandira mphatso wotayidwa (DGR) ali ndi ufulu wa kuchepetsa ndalama zolingana ndi mtengo wa malonda a dziko wochititsidwa ndi panganolo. Kuwonjezerapo, iwo angachotse ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.

Njira imeneyi yathandiza kwambiri kuteteza zachilengedwe zapamwamba m’malo a munthu. Popeza kuti ndalama zimene amawonongazo zimachokera pa kulephera kwa zinthu zina, imathandiza eni malo kuti asiye kugaŵikana kapena kuchotsa zinthu zina, kukonza njira yopangira malonda imene siifuna kuti boma lipangike. Mapangano oteteza zachilengedwe oposa 1,200 akuphimba mahekita 4200,000 m’dziko la Australia, kuchokera ku Victorian nkhalango za m'nkhalango za m'dera la Queensland, ndipo amawononga mawiro a mvula.

Kusamalira malo ndi Kukonzanso Malo Okhala

Makonzedwe a zachitetezo cha Land (Maganizo 40 ndi 43) amalola opanga oyambirira kuchotsa mofulumira ndalama zowonongedwa pa kuipitsa nthaka, monga ngati mabanki oyendera malo, kubzalanso, ndi kukonzanso zinthu. Opanga opanda utala angaperekenso ziwonjezeko za ntchito za kukonzanso malo okhala zimene zimakwaniritsa miyezo yakutiyakuti, kuphatikizapo kubwezeretsa dziko ku malo ake achilengedwe pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito mgodi kapena maindasitale.

, ATO akulongosola kuti mtengo wopitirizabe wosamalira (monga kupopera) wachotsedwa, pamene kuli kwakuti mtengo woyamba kukhazikitsidwa wa malo otetezera (monga kubzala) ungafunikire kuchotsedwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana. Opereka ndalama za kampani amalangizidwa kulemba ntchito zonse mosamalitsa ndi kufunafuna uphungu waukatswiri pamene akukonzekera ntchito zokonzanso zazikulu.

Maluso a Magetsi Osavuta Kuwakonzanso (Akasupe a Msonkho Wamsonkho Wachibadwidwe)

Ngakhale kuti sizopereka msonkho m’lingaliro lenileni, madongosolo a mphamvu obwezeretsedwa a Australia amagwira ntchito monga zisonkhezero za quasi- msonkho. Zosinthikanso Energy Aget (RET), zoperekedwa ndi Cec Energy Regural, zimapanga msika wa zikalata zimene zimaimira mtengo wa malo okhala ndi mbadwo wokonzeka. Zikalata zimenezi zingagulitsidwe ku makampani oyenerera (ogulitsa a magetsi) kuti akwaniritse mathayo awo pansi pa chiwembu.

Kwa majenereta aang'ono a mzera woima ndi mawilo amodzi, Screenties zaluso laing'ono (STC]) zimapereka mtengo wowonetsera kutsogolo pa mtengo wa makompyuta a dzuŵa, wogwira ntchito monga pulogalamu yapadera. Ndalama imachirikiza zimenezi kupyolera m'dongosolo la msonkho mwakutsimikizira kuti ndalama za STC zimaonedwa kukhala zosafunika, ndi kuti ndalama zotsala pa kugulitsa zikalata siziri za msonkho m'nkhani zambiri.

Pa ntchito zazikulu, Mbadwo Waukali Wochuluka Chikalata (LGC) imapanga kamtsinje ka ndalama zambiri. Komabe, mtengo wa LGC watsika m'zaka zaposachedwapa chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa, kusonkhezera boma kulingalira za kusintha kwa malamulo. Mbali ya Kayendedwe ka ndalama m'masinthidwe ameneŵa ndiyo kutsimikizira kuti kulipira msonkho kwa malipiro a papepala kukhale kwauchete ndipo sikupanga kupotokosa.

Nyumba Zabiriŵire ndi Zothandiza Kuti Mphamvu Zizigwira Bwino Ntchito

Ndalama za Masheya zagwiritsiranso ntchito dongosolo la msonkho kulimbikitsa magetsi oyendetsedwa m’nyumba za malonda ndi malo okhala.

  • , imapima deti la ndalama zopimira: Mabizinesi angachotse ndalama zowonongedwa kuwongolera kupima kwa National Australian Environment Expression (NABBS), monga kuika ma HVAC kapena makompyuta ounikira bwino.
  • Capital imapanga kuchepetsedwa: [ Mopindulira kumanga kapena kukonzanso nyumba zamalonda zolephera mphamvu ya magetsi zingaperekedwe pa 2.5% pachaka kuposa zaka 40 pa Division 43.
  • Kugwira bwino ntchito zamagetsi apanyumba: anthu angapeze mbali ya magetsi a panyumba pawo ogwirizana ndi kugwira ntchito panyumba, ngakhale kuti zimenezi sizikulimbikitsa kwenikweni malo okhala.

Mu 2024, boma linayambitsa Home Energy Upgrades Scheme , imene imapatsa ndalama zochepetsera msonkho kwa mabanja olandira ochepera oikamo kutetezera, makina otentha, ndi madongosolo a madzi otentha a dzuŵa. Pamene akali m'nyengo ya woyendetsa ndege, zimenezi zimasonyeza kusintha kwa kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la msonkho kuthetsera umphaŵi ndi kutulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi panthaŵi imodzi.

Kupenda Kumene Kumadzetsa Chiyambukiro: Kufika Patali

Kuchepetsa chipambano cha zisonkhezero za msonkho wa malo ozungulira kumafuna kupenda zonse ziŵiri milingo ya kukwera ndi zotulukapo za malo okhala. Ofesi ya National APUSPUI (ANAO) ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo yafalitsa kupenda kosiyanasiyana kosonyeza zotulukapo zosiyanasiyana.

Kumbali ina yabwino, kuchepetsako pangano la kutetezera kwawonjezera malo otetezera malo popanda kuwonongetsa ndalama zambiri. Kufufuza kwa Australian Conservation Foundation kunayerekezera kuti padola iliyonse ya msonkho, mapangano anapereka pafupifupi $3 m’phindu la anthu onse mwa kupeŵa kutulutsa carbon, kuwongolera kwa madzi, ndi kutetezera malo okhala.

Makonzedwe a mphamvu ya magetsi okonzedwanso akhalanso osintha. Australia tsopano ili ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri pa munthu aliyense padziko lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha STC. Treasury imapereka lingaliro lakuti zotsatira za zisonkhezero za msonkho ndi zikalata za magetsi obwezeretsedwa zatsika ndi 20-30% poyerekezera ndi magetsi osakhala ndi mphamvu.

Komabe, mavuto atsala. Kuchepetsedwa kwa ntchito za dziko kwachepa pakati pa anthu aang'ono okhala ndi malo, chifukwa cha kucholoŵana ndi kusazindikira. Mafotokozedwe a ATO olondola a zinthu zimene zimapanga “kapitao". Kuwononga kwa ndalama kukhoza kuletsa ofunsira. Ndiponso, kusuliza kwa akatswiri a zachuma za malo okhala kuti zisonkhetsedwe pa ndalama za boma, kupangitsa kuwonongeka ndi kutayikiridwa kwa katundu — kupereka msonkho wa ntchito zimene zikanachitidwa.

2023 Atapenda ndi bungwe la Australian Treasury ilolo linavomereza kuti ntchito yamakono ya zisonkhezero sizigwirizana ndipo inalimbikitsa kugwirizanitsa * * * * Kuphatikiza pa Environronin Treasurence Expenditure Translate** kuwongolera kuonekera bwino ndi kulola kupenda koyenera kwa ndalama zopitira ku. Chivomerezo chimenechi chagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, ndipo Treasury tsopano ikufalitsa ndemanga ya msonkho ya pachaka imene imaphatikizapo njira za malo okhala.

Zitsogozo Zamtsogolo ndi Kusintha

Boma la Australia lasonyeza masinthidwe angapo pa zisonkhezero za malo okhala mu [[FT:0] yake yopangidwa mu Australia mpambo wa malamulo, wolengezedwa mu 2024-25 Bajeti. Pamene kuli kwakuti tsatanetsatane wathunthu akuwonekerabe, malangizo ofunika akuphatikizapo:

Kufutukula Malonda Apamwamba

Khate ya zachuma ikufufuza malonda a zomangamanga zobiriwira zokhala ndi ndalama zothandizira kukonza zinthu, zofanana ndi mapulogalamu oyenera a United States. Pansi pa chigamulo chimenechi, oikizira ndalama zokongola angalandire ngongole ya msonkho pa ndalama za chiwongola dzanja, pamene opereka ndalama angafune ndalama zina zowonjezereka pa ndalama za kulipira. Zimenezi zingatsegule likulu lachinsinsi kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zikonzedwenso, madzi azikhala bwino, ndi kusungidwanso kwa mphamvu ya magetsi.

Malo Okonzera Msika Msonkho

Pambuyo pa kudutsa kwa Act 2023 Kukonza mapepala [1], boma likuyambitsa zisonkhezero za msonkho kwa eni malo amene amapanga zikalata za mitundu yosiyanasiyana mwa ntchito zovomerezedwa zobwezeretsa malo. Cholinga n’kulola ndalama za pepala kukhala zopanda msonkho, komanso kulolanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa kukonza zikalata. Zimenezi zingafanane ndi malo a ngongole a carbon, kumene boma limapereka kale chithandizo cha msonkho kwa Australian Carbon Curbets Units (ACUs).

Kusintha Msonkho wa Msonkho wa Zakudya Zokongola

Pakali pano, kuimika galimoto koikidwa ndi wolembedwa ntchito kuli phindu lalikulu limene limakopa FBT. Boma likulingalira za kuchotsa galimoto zamagetsi zolipirira ndi malo osungira njinga kuchokera ku FBT, kulimbikitsa mabwana kugaŵira njira zina zobiriŵira. Izi zingagwirizanitse Car Disaconti yomwe ilipoyo (kuthamangitsidwa kwa FBT ku magalimoto amagetsi oyenerera), imene inayambitsidwa mu 2022.

Kulimbikitsa Kugwirizana ndi Kupeŵa

Pamene zisonkhezero za msonkho zikuchuluka, upandu wa kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa . ATO wasonyeza kale nkhaŵa za “kutsuka nyukiliya”, kumene okhoma msonkho amanena kuti kulipirira kusungidwa kwa ntchito zopereka phindu lochepa la malo okhala. Treasurer ikugwira ntchito pa masitepi alamulo ofuna mapepala achitatu a mtengo wapamwamba, monga ngati maprojekiti opempha ndalama zosamalira dziko. Zimenezi n’zofanana ndi zofunika zovomerezeka pa maprojekiti a kukongola kwa carbon.

Kusamalira Opereka Msonkho

Kwa anthu ndi mabizinesi ofuna kugwiritsira ntchito zisonkhezero zimenezi, kukonzekera kosamalitsa nkofunika.

  1. Kusonyeza ntchito zoyenera: Kupenda malangizo a ATO pa ndalama ndi mawotchi. Kusintha kwa malo okhala — malamulo a msonkho amasintha mofulumira ku Australia.
  2. Kutumiza phungu woyeneretsedwa wa msonkho: Mapesedwe ambiri a malo okhala amaphatikizapo malikulu ocholoŵana ndi kugwirizana kwa malamulo a boma. Uphungu wa akatswiri ukhoza kuletsa zolakwa zokwera mtengo.
  3. Chikalata chilichonse: Sungani zolemba zatsatanetsatane za zowonongedwa, zotsatira za malo okhala, ndi zikalata zilizonse. ATO angapemphe umboni, makamaka kaamba ka zonena zazikulu.
  4. Ganizirani nthaŵi: Miyeso ina (monga kutsata kwa kanthaŵi) ili ndi madeti a kulowa kwa dzuŵa. Ina imadulidwa chaka ndi chaka. Konzekerani kuwonjezera mapindu.
  5. Cheza kuyenerera kwa madongosolo olola: Trasiki, mabungwe a malo, ndi mabungwe osamalira malo a dzikolo angakhale ndi zisonkhezero zowonjezereka kapena kusaloledwa.

Kuli bwino kudziŵa kuti kugwirizana pakati pa zisonkhezero za msonkho za boma ndi maprogramu a boma kungakhale kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, mwini malo ku New South Wales amene amasainira Chipangano cha Udindo chingakhale choyenerera kaamba ka zonse ziŵiri ndalama za chigawo ndi msonkho wa boma. Kumvetsetsa malamulo oikizira malamulowo nkofunika kupeŵa makonzedwe oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo.

Kumaliza: Ntchito Yochuluka ya Kachitidwe ka Zochita za Anthu Poteteza Mabanja

Kuchokera ku mapangano oteteza zachilengedwe amene akuwononga zachilengedwe, amene amawononga zachilengedwe kuti zinthu zikhale pangozi yowononga mphamvu ya dzuwa imene imaletsa kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, njira zimenezi zimasonyeza mmene malamulo oletsa kutentha ndi kutulutsa zinthu zachilengedwe angathandizire kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zikhale bwino popanda malamulo okhwima.

Komabe mavuto akupitirizabe. Kucholoŵana kwa dongosolo la misonkho kungaletse kugonjetsa, ndi ngozi ya zotulukapo zolakwika — zonga ngati kupempha ndalama zochepetsedwa pa mtengo waung'ono kapena ngakhale ntchito zovulaza — kumafuna kusamala nthaŵi zonse. Kusintha kwa mtsogolo kuyenera kulinganizidwira kaamba ka kufeŵetsa, kuwona, ndi kupenda kolimba kwa mtengo. Mapulitale angayang'ane ku zitsanzo za mitundu yonse: Mapindu a Canada [FLT: 0] Program / FLT:1] ndi United States’s Conferective Everation Deedu [FLT:]

Kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, malamulo ameneŵa amapereka kufufuza kolemera m'zachuma cha malo osungirako zinthu. Zimasonyeza mmene maboma angagwiritsirire ntchito malamulo a msonkho osati kuwonjezera ndalama, komanso monga njira yosinthira dongosolo. Pamene Australia ikupita ku chikole chake cha zero 2050 ndi kuimirira ku Global Biodiversity Framework , ntchito ya Ndalama kukonza malo osungira zinthu za m'dziko idzangowonjezereka kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa mawiro a makompyuta ameneŵa kukonzekeretsa atsogoleri a mamaŵa kupanga nzeru, malamulo opindulitsa kwambiri a malo okhalako.

Kuti muŵerenge mowonjezereka, chonde onani la Australian Tribial’s Policy of Treasury [[FLT :1], [FLT ,] , , Utsogoleri wa malo okhala [, ndi [FLT] kuchotsapo za ulimi, madzi ndi maprogramu a zachilengedwe ndi malo ozungulira. Australian Conservation Foundation