Chiyambi: Uchigawenga wa M’banja Ukukula

Zigaŵenga zapakhomo zimapereka chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chitetezo cha dziko ndi kuteteza anthu ku United States. Mosiyana ndi uchigaŵenga wapadziko lonse, umene kaŵirikaŵiri umaphatikizapo anthu achilendo ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse, uchigaŵenga wapanyumba umayambika m’dzikolo. Zigaŵenga zapakhomo zimayambika ndi nzika kapena nzika za dziko zimene zimatsatira mfundo zosagwirizana ndi ndale, zachipembedzo, za fuko, kapena za boma. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, kuchuluka ndi kuphana kwa zigaŵenga zapamudzi kwawonjezeka, kukopana ndi kutsendereza malamulo pamlingo uliwonse. Mabungwe a boma amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri podziŵikitsa, kuletsa, ndi kuyankha zitsutso zimenezi. Kuzindikira njira zawo, ndi mavuto ofunika kwambiri kuteteza dziko ndi kulimbikitsa mmene lingatetezere.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mbali zosiyanasiyana za mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma polimbana ndi uchigaŵenga wa m’banja, kufufuza njira zimene amagwiritsira ntchito, ndiponso kufotokoza mavuto amene amakumana nawo m’dziko limene likungoopsa.

Uchigaŵenga wa M’banja ku United States

Uchigaŵenga wa m’banja uli ndi chiyambi chachikulu m'mbiri ya ku America, kuyambira pa chiwawa cha Ku Klux Klan panthaŵi ya kukonzanso ndi kuphulitsa bomba ku Oklahoma City mu 1995. Lerolino, malo oopsa akufalikira kwambiri ndipo akugwira ntchito. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) ndi Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security (DHS) yatulukira kuti pali chiwawa chaufuko kapena cha mafuko, kutsutsa boma, ndi kuukira boma limodzi lokha (monga ufulu wa nyama kapena chiwawa cha antiborborry) monga magulu aakulu a ziwopsezo zauchigaŵenga. [FLT:] Kuukira kwauchigaŵenga kwa U. Capitolisl . [FLT: 201]

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma ayenera kulimbana ndi ziwopsezo zimenezi pamene akugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a boma, malamulo aupandu, ndi malamulo a ufulu wa anthu. Malamulo a boma okhudza upandu wa udani, malamulo a uchigawenga, ndi maulamuliro ofufuza amawonjezera kuvuta. Ndiponso, zigaŵenga zapanyumba zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kulankhulana kobisika, mapulogalamu a za chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi mapulogalamu a pa intaneti kuti zisinthe, kusonkhanitsa, ndi kuukira zinthu, ndi kulinganiza zinthu zomwe n’zovuta kuyang'anizana popanda kuphwanya ufulu wachinsinsi.

Ntchito ya Lamulo la Boma Yokakamiza Mabungwe

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma ali ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana: apolisi a boma kapena magalimoto aakulu, ofufuza milandu, osamalira anthu onse, ndi antchito zapadera.

Kuteteza Kochita Zinthu Mwaluso: Kuletsa Kukula kwa Nzeru

Kuletsa kumayambiriro ndi luntha. Mabungwe a boma amasunga magulu a luntha opatulidwa amene amasonkhanitsa, kupenda, ndi kufalitsa chidziŵitso cha kuopsa. Mabungwe ameneŵa amagwira ntchito kwambiri ndi FBI’s Joint Terrorism Motical Marces (JTFs) [JTTFS]] ndi malo apakati a boma opatsirana zinthu. Fusition . . . Malo a Fusiontion adaikidwa pambuyo pa 9 / 11() amatumikira monga mipambo yogaŵana nzeru kumadera osiyanasiyana. Tsopano boma limagwira pafupifupi malo amodzi, ndipo pali malo ambiri a chigawo ambiri. Analystss pa malo oonera chidziŵitso chakuululirapo, malamulo, ndi malangizo ochokera kwa anthu olengeza ziwo.

Mwachitsanzo, [[FLT: 0] California State Assupment Center imafalitsa nthaŵi zonse mapepala a kutsata lamulo kwa banja ku boma lonse. Mu Texas, Texas Department of Public Safety imayendetsa programu ya luntha lakuya imene imasonkhezera migwirizano yowopsa. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zatsogolera kugwetsa malunji asanadzipeze, monga ngati 2020 a kumangidwa kwa munthu wa boma la Washington akukonzekera kuukira msonkhano wotsutsa, kuthokoza mbali ina kutuluka ndi njira za boma zoperekera chidziŵitso.

Kufufuza ndi Kulephera Kuganiza

Pamene ziwopsezo zodalirika zipezedwa, ofufuza a boma ayamba kuchitapo kanthu. Mabungwe ambiri a boma ali ndi apolisi ovala masipoti kapena oimira apadera odzipereka kuletsa upandu ndi kupondereza anthu a m’nyumba. Amasonkhanitsa umboni, kuyang’anira, ndi kupanga milandu ya kuweruza kwa boma. Nthaŵi zina zochita za munthuwewewe sutha kulephera malamulo auchigawenga a boma, malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka milandu monga ngati kuwopseza zigaŵenga, kupanga chiwembu cha kuchita chiwawa, kapena kudana ndi zigaŵenga. Oweruza a boma amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi malamulo kuti atsimikizire kuti zigawenga zauchi ngati zigawenga sizikuchitika.

Kusokonezeka kwa Zinthu

Ngakhale kuti pali zoyesayesa zabwino zotetezera, kuukira kumachitika. Kusungitsa lamulo la boma kuli kwenikweni chinthu choyamba chokhudzana ndi zochitika zazikulu. Magulu a apolisi a maluso, magulu a mabomba, ndi onyamula mabomba amaikidwa kuti achite ntchito yowombera, kugwidwa, ndi kunyumwidwa ndi zochitika zophulika. Kuyendetsa kwa Boma la Boma [Fliginia] ndi zitsanzo za makampani oyendetsa zinthu zambiri, ocholoŵa m'dziko la 201.

Mabungwe a boma amagwirizanitsanso apolisi a kumaloko, apolisi, madokotala a zachipatala, ndi antchito anzawo a boma panthaŵi ya chivomerezo. Mabungwe a lamulo kaŵirikaŵiri amatsatira National Incident Management Management System (NIMS), kutsimikizira kuti opereka chithandizo osiyanasiyana amagwirizana.

Mavuto a M’malamulo ndi Oweruza

Kusungitsa malamulo a boma kuli ndi zopinga zapadera. Mosiyana ndi FBI, imene ingafufuze uchigaŵenga wa m’banja pansi pa malamulo a boma amene amapanga zigamulo zazitali, ambiri amalemba malamulo apadera a “uchigaŵenga wa ". Mmalomwake, iwo amadalira pa malamulo aupandu auchigaŵenga a milandu monga kupha, kuukira, kapena kuukira. Zimenezi zingavute kufufuza, pamene kutsimikizira cholinga cha uchigaŵenga chingafunikire umboni ndi umboni wowonjezereka. Maboma ena, monga Oklama pambuyo pa kuphulitsa kwa mu 1995, akhazikitsa malamulo auchigaŵenga, koma malamulo auchiŵa ndi ovuta.

Kulinganiza pakati pa chisungiko ndi ufulu wa anthu kuli kopanda pake kwenikweni pa mlingo wa boma. Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo ayenera kutsimikizira kuti njira zawo zofufuzira sizikuswa zoyenera za Kusintha kwa Anthu kapena magulu. Kuyang'anira nkhani za pa Intaneti, kuloŵerera m'mabungwe, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ziwiya zobisika zonse zili ndi maupandu alamulo ndi malamulo ogaŵana. Zitsogozo za boma, malangizo audindo, ndi malamulo a boma monga Privitacy Act ndi [FLT:] CFR . [23:] , zimene zimalamulira kusonkhanitsa ndi kufalitsa kwa nzeru zaupandu. Navigalamulitsira malamulo ameneŵa pamene kuli patsogolo pa kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kwa lamulo.

Kuthandizana ndi Kumanga Chidaliro

Akatswiri otsutsa uchigaŵenga akugogomezera kwambiri kufunika kwa kugwirizana kwa anthu. Mabungwe a chipembedzo, masukulu, osamalira zaumoyo, ndi magulu a mafuko [1] kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo oyamba kuwona kusintha kwakukulu. Mabungwe a boma apanga maprogramu opereka chikhulupiriro ndi kulimbikitsa kusimba za khalidwe lokayikira. Mwachitsanzo, makampani apolisi akukhala ndi maadiresi odzipereka “ Onani Chinachake, Say Chake, Kampeni, yotsogozedwa ndi DHS, imachitidwa pamlingo wa boma kudzera m’makalata autumiki ndi m'mipingo ya anthu. Madipatimenti angapo apolisi a polisi ali ndi makampani ogwirizana a m'maholo a tauni, misonkhano yogwirizanitsa zikondwerero, ndi zochitika za kusukulu.

Komabe, kukhulupirirana n’kophwayi. Kuchuluka kwa anthu a m'madera ochepa kapena kuyang’aniridwa mwankhanza kungapangitse anthu amene angapereke malangizo ovuta. Mabungwe a boma ayenera kuyenda bwino, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano popanda kunyozetsa gulu lililonse. Kupambana kwa zoyesayesa za m'chitaganya kaŵirikaŵiri kumayesedwa ndi mfundo zokhoza kuchitidwa ndi kusagwirizana ndi lamulo.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Mabungwe Apadera

Kuyankha kogwira mtima kumafuna maluso apadera. Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma amawononga ndalama zambiri pophunzitsa kuletsa uganda, mavuto, kupenda nzeru, ndi kuyankha kogwira ntchito. Masukulu ambiri a boma ndi malo ophunzitsira madera akupereka maphunziro a kuvomereza zizindikiro zowonjezera, kumvetsa ziwawa, ndi kuyang'anira kovomerezeka. [[FLT:] National Detalticism Center . ndi FBI’S .FFFYCT .]

Maboma angapo apanga magulu opatulidwa kuti alankhule ndi anthu otengeka maganizo. New York State Police Bureau of Criminal Investigation imaphatikizapo Chigawo cha Ugandaganda chotsata ndi DHS ndi New York City Police Department . . Komiti ya Lamulo yoona za malamulo imayendetsa ntchito za chitetezo cha boma ndi Conficision Division Division . Mabungwe ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi ulamuliro umene umaposa mizera ya chigawo cha Apolisi ndi a New York City, kuwalola kulondola bwino milandu ya mtanda.

Luso la Zaluso ndi Zamoyo Zogwiritsa Ntchito Nzeru

Kufufuza kwamakono kwauchigaŵenga kwa m'nyumba kukudalira kwambiri luso. Mabungwe a boma amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsimikizira kuti akugwirizana ndi mafashoni a mafashoni a upandu, ntchito youlutsira nkhani za anthu, ndi mfundo za anthu. Oŵerenga malaiseti a malaiseti, mapulogalamu a mfuti, ndi makompyuta a maselo a pulogalamu amathandiza kuti anthu adziwe zinthu komanso ayamba kudera nkhawa. Malo a Fusion amakhala ngati mapulatifomu ofufuza zinthu zimenezi pamene akutsimikizira kuti malamulo achinsinsi achitika. Mwachitsanzo, [FLT: 0] Balado Information Ativity Center imagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta yotchedwa

Kuyang'anira za mayanjano ndi kovuta kwambiri. Maplatform onga Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, ndi Parler akhala malo oberekera zinthu zowopsa. Mabungwe a boma angayang'anire mwalamulo malo a boma, koma kuchotsa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa magulu achinsinsi kumafuna malamulo a khoti kapena chilolezo chalamulo. [[FLT:]2019 kuwombera mfuti pa Treagod of Life ku Pittsburgh kunasonyeza kuti wokayikirayo adaika zolembedwa pa wailesi za anthu; ngakhale kuti FBI, boma ndi akuluakulu akomwe sanaperekedwe ndi kuikidwa m'malo mwalamulo, anagogomezera kufunika kwa chidziŵitso chabwino.

Kufufuza za Mlandu: Lamulo la Boma Linawakakamiza Kuchitapo Kanthu

Kuphulika kwa Bomba kwa Mzinda wa Oklahoma (1995)

Chigaŵenga chapanyumba choipitsitsa cha U.S. chisanafike 9 / 11, kuphulitsa mabomba kwa Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building kunachitidwa ndi Timothy McVeigh, wotsutsa wa m’banja wokhala ndi zikhulupiriro zotsutsa boma. Oklahoma Department of Public Safety ndi Oklahoma Highway Patrol inali pakati pa anthu oyamba kuyankha. Kufufuza kotsatiraku kunakhudza kugwirizana kwambiri pakati pa Oklahoma State Bureaunia of Investigation, FBI, ndi mabungwe a m'deralo. Kuukirako kunasonkhezera Oklahoma kukhazikitsa lamulo lauganda ndi kukhazikitsa maphunziro otsutsana ndi Khirismu ya .

Kuukira kwa Capitol ku United States 2021

Chipanduko cha January 6 chinaloŵetsamo otengamo mbali kuchokera ku dziko lonselo, ambiri a iwo anaimitsidwa ndi apolisi a boma pamene anali kupita ku Washington. Mwachitsanzo, [[FLT: 0] Maintana Highway Patrol [1] Anamangidwa anthu angapo oyenda m’njira yoswa zida. Malamulo ambiri a boma anakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa uchigaŵenga ndi kuwongolera nzeru za boma. Chochitikacho chinasonyeza kufunika kwa mabungwe a boma kuti agawale za kuwopseza ena asanapite ku ulendo ndi kugwirizana ndi maulamuliro a boma mkati mwa zochitika zazikulu. Post-January 6, makomiti ambiri a boma akhazikitsa malamulo olimbikitsa malamulo otsutsa uchigaŵenga ndi kupititsa patsogolo nzeru.

Kupha Anthu Mwaluso (2020)

Chiwembu cha kuba anthu Bwana Bwana wa Michigan Gretchen Whitmer chinalephereka ndi kuyesayesa kwa mayiko ambiri kokhudza Michigan State Police , FBI] , ndi kusungitsa lamulo la kumaloko. Oimira boma analoŵa m’gulu lotchedwa “Wolverine Watchmen. Chochitikacho chinagogomezera ntchito ya mabungwe a boma poyang'anira magulu osokoneza ndi kugwirizana ndi magulu a ntchito a boma. Inachititsanso mkangano wokhudza ntchito zachinsinsi ndi zitetezero, nkhani zimene mabungwe a boma afunikira kuyendera bwino.

Mavuto pa Kulinganiza Chisungiko ndi Kumasuka kwa Pachiweniweni

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma amagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri pamene zochita zonse zikhoza kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu onse ndi kutsutsana ndi lamulo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa tekinoloji yoyang'anira, mathekishoni a luntha, ndi ma a algoritimes kulosera ziwopsezo kungawombane ndi ufulu wachinsinsi. American Civil Libereties Union (ACLU) yadzutsa nkhaŵa za malo osonkhanitsira chidziŵitso chosatsutsika pa ndale, magulu achipembedzo, ndi mitundu yaing'ono. Mabungwe a boma ayenera kukhazikitsa uyang'anira, malipo, ndi njira zoyendera kuti atsimikizire kuti zoyesayesa zawo sizipitirira malire alamulo.

Vuto lina ndilo kugawa ndalama. Zigaŵenga zapanyumba ndi mavuto aakulu a upandu. Mabungwe a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbana kulinganiza ntchito yolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga ndi ntchito zina monga kusungitsa anthu kuyendetsa galimoto, kuletsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi kulondera kwa onse. Maboma aang'ono omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa angadalire kwambiri pa ndalama za boma kapena ntchito zogwirizana kuti asunge luso lapadera. Fund for Peace Yaona kuti ndalama za boma za boma ndi maprogramu olimbana ndi auchigaŵenga a dziko la angosintha, kupangitsa kusatsimikizirika kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Malangizo ndi Chiyeneretso Chamtsogolo

Kuti boma lithandize anthu kuonetsetsa kuti malamulo a boma akutha kulimbana ndi uchigawenga wa m’banja lawo, m’pofunika kusamala kwambiri m’madera ena angapo:

  • [[FLT: 0] Expand Intelligence Fusion: Kuwongolera kugwirizanitsa malo a boma ndi madongosolo a boma ndi kusungitsa chitetezo chachinsinsi. Kulitsani kujambula kwa mlingo ndi zida zamagetsi m'maboma onse.
  • Kuphunzitsa Agulu la Extremist : [[FLT :1] Ankaphunzitsabe maofesala a kuzindikira zizindikiro za kusintha, kuphatikizapo khalidwe la pa Intaneti, kugula zida, ndi njira za maulendo. Levage adaphunzira ku bungwe la FBI's Behavioral Attical Attication [1] ndi [[FLT:] ndi Center of National Diviciation Ugandaticism Center .
  • Kufikira kwa Thupi Logwirizana: Invest mu maprogramu a pangano la nthaŵi yaitali a chitaganya amene amakulitsa chidaliro ndi kupereka njira zotetezereka zoperekera nkhani. Alimbikitseni kugwirizana kwa kusagwirizana ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo ndi atsogoleri a chikhulupiriro.
  • Malamulo amakono a Boma: Ganizirani malamulo a boma amene amalongosola bwino uchigawenga wa m’banja ndi kupereka zilango zoyenerera, pamene kuli kwakuti kuphatikizapo makonzedwe otetezera ufulu wa anthu. Malamulo achitsanzo kuchokera ku Commission ya Chilamulo Akhoza kuvomerezedwa.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito Technology: Kukulitsa malamulo omveka bwino ogwiritsira ntchito luntha lopanga, zojambula, ndi kuyang'anira za makompyuta. Kutsimikizira kupenda kokhazikika ndi kuyang'anira kwaumwini kuletsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusinthasintha kwa mfundo: Pitirizani ndi kuwonjezera kutengamo mbali m'Magulu a Ugandaganda ndi mapangano a chidziŵitso a m'madera monga Law Inforcement Information (LX) [1]

Uchigaŵenga wa m’banja ndi chitokoso chosatha chimene chikufunikira kuyankha kotheratu. Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma ali ofunika kwambiri poyesayesa zimenezi. Mwa kusintha zinthu monga kuopseza, kulemekeza ufulu walamulo, ndi kugwirizana bwino ndi anthu ndi anzawo a m'dera limodzi, angapitirizebe kuteteza anthu ku mliri wa chiwawa choopsa.

Kumaliza

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo a boma amathandiza kwambiri pa zigaŵenga zapanyumba. Kulimbana ndi anthu ogwirizana ndi nzeru ndiponso kutengera anthu ena pa umisiri, mabungwe a boma amachititsa kuti nkhondoyi ikhale yogwirizana komanso kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu. Komabe, amagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo oletsa kuyenda bwino ndi zinthu zina. Pamene uchigawenga wa m’banja ukupitirizabe kusintha zinthu pa Intaneti, kugawikana kwa ndale, ndi kusokonezeka kwa malamulo a boma kuyenera kukhalabe kosavuta, koonekera bwino, ndi kothandiza. Kusunga malamulo a m’manja mwawo ndi kutsimikizira kuti asungitsa anthu a ku America kwa zaka zambiri.

kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa mutu umenewu, onani [[FLT: 1] Development of Homeland Security’s Home Security [[FLT :2], FBI’s Counterism perset [[FLT:], ndi [FLT] Government Activity Office lipose pa malo oloŵeration .