Maziko a Malamulo a M’deralo

Malamulo amapanga maziko enieni ndi a gulu la anthu onse. Ndiwo misewu, mapaipi, mawaya, ndi zipangizo zimene zimathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi moyo tsiku ndi tsiku, kuti agwire ntchito zachuma, ndi kuteteza thanzi la anthu. Pamene madongosolo ameneŵa amachepa kwambiri, mizinda, matauni, matauni, ndi matauni amene amatumikira monga oyang'anira aakulu, posamalira ndalama, ndi powasamalira.

Zosankha za maziko za kumaloko zimaumba mwachindunji moyo wa anthu. Makampani odalirika a zoyendera amagwirizanitsa anthu ndi ntchito ndi ntchito. Madongosolo a madzi oyera amateteza thanzi la anthu. Makompyuta a zamagetsi amatheketsa anthu kutengamo mbali m'zachuma zamakono. Malo a anthu onse osungidwa bwino kuchirikiza mgwirizano wa chitaganya. Nkhaniyi imapereka kuyang'anira kothandiza kwambiri za ntchito za malo apadera a kumaloko, mavuto aakulu amene atsogoleri a boma amakumana nawo, ndi njira zothandiza zomangira njira zochirikizira ndi kulimba kwa tsogolo.

Kufotokoza Zam’madzi

Kumvetsa bwino zimene boma likuona kuti ndi zogwirizana ndizo njira yoyamba yopezera udindo wogwira bwino ntchito.

Malo Otumizira Mafoni

Imeneyi ndi mbali ya malo ozungulira kwambiri a kumaloko. Imeneyi ndi misewu, misewu, maulalo, njira za njinga, zizindikiro za pamsewu, magetsi a m’misewu, ndi njira zoyendera anthu monga mabasi, njanji yamagetsi, ndi mautumiki a paratransit. Madongosolo ameneŵa apanga dongosolo la kuzungulira kwa dziko, kusonkhezera mwachindunji nthaŵi za kukwera kwa misewu, kutetezeka kwa anthu, ndi kutukuka kwa zachuma.

Madzi, Madzi Otayidwa, ndi Njira Zamkuntho

Madongosolo ofunika ameneŵa amateteza thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala. Maboma a m’maderawo ali ndi udindo wothandiza ndi kugaŵira madzi akumwa abwino, kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza madzi adothi, ndi kuyendetsa madzi a mkuntho kuteteza kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kuipitsa madzi. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kukonza malo othandizira anthu odwala, kupopa, mapaipi, ndi zinthu zina zobiriwira monga minda ya mvula ndi maiwe amadzi.

Malo Osungiramo Anthu ndi Malo Okhala

Maboma a m’derali ali ndi nyumba zosiyanasiyana zimene zimathandiza anthu.

Mphamvu ndi Makina Ogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

Pamene kuli kwakuti mbadwo wa mphamvu zamagetsi kaŵirikaŵiri umayang'aniridwa ndi makina otetezera, maboma akumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi magetsi a m’khwalala, zizindikiro za pamsewu, ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zokhala ndi makampani. Udindo womakula mofulumira ndi woyendera magetsi, kuphatikizapo mitchato ya anthu onse ya Wi-Fi, ndi zipangizo zothandizira ntchito za magetsi zimene zimachirikiza ntchito za mzinda. Kukhazikitsa "kugaŵanitsa" kwakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri.

Udindo Wochuluka wa Adindo a Boma

Kuti akwaniritse bwino udindo wawo, amafunika kukhala ndi utsogoleri wabwino, luso la zopangapanga, ndiponso kugwirizana kwa anthu.

Makonzedwe Abwino ndi Makonzedwe a Kukonzanso Malikulu

Kuyendetsa malo apamwamba kumayamba ndi kulinganiza. Maboma a kumaloko amapanga mapulani oyenera, mapulani a kayendedwe, ndi zolinga za ngozi zimene zimakhazikitsa kuona kwa nthaŵi yaitali. The Capital Reconciliation Plan (KIP) ndi chida chachikulu chimene chimatembenuza kaonedwe kameneka kukhala kapadera, ndandanda ya zaka zambiri ya zipangizo zamakono ndi zinthu zogwirizana ndi ndalama. Kusintha kumeneku kumachititsa kuti pakhale zosankha zovuta zokhudza ntchito za kukonza ndalama ndiponso kuti apeze nthaŵi iti.

Kuyang’anira Ndalama ndi Kupeza Ndalama

Maboma a boma akuperekanso ndalama zothandizira kumanga nyumba zikuluzikulu. Mbali yaikulu ya ntchitoyi ikutsatira mapulogalamu a boma ndi a boma, kuphatikizapo maprogramu opereka mphatso kuchokera ku U.S. Dipatimenti ya za Mtengo ndi Environmental Protection Agency. Kumvetsa bwino njira zimenezi n’kofunika kwambiri kuti ntchito yokonza zinthu zikhale zenizeni.

Ntchito Yotenga Ana ndi Kuwayang’anira

Pamene ntchito ivomerezedwa ndi kuchirikizidwa, boma la kumaloko liyenera kuyang'anira mapulani ake, makampani, ndi kumanga . Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwirizana ndi mainjiniya ndi omanga, kuyang'anira ntchito za omanga, kuyang'anira ntchito kutsimikizira kuti ntchito ndi yogwirizana, ndi kuyang'anira madeti a ntchito zovuta. Maulamuliro ogwira mtima amachepetsa kusokonezeka kwa chitaganya ndipo amatsimikizira kuti ndalama za anthu ziwonongedwa mwanzeru.

Ntchito, Kukonza, ndi Kuyendetsa Zinthu

Kupanga msewu watsopano kapena madzi aakulu ndi chiyambi. Ntchito yopitirizabe ya ntchito ndi kukonza (O&M) imaimira mtengo wa zinthu zofunikira kwambiri. Maboma ambiri akulimbana ndi kusamalidwa kwa ndalama zochepera chifukwa cha kusakwanira. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuchotsa kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Kupereka Chilamulo, Kutsatira Lamulo, ndi Kuthandiza M’chitaganya

Maboma a m’maderawa amakhazikitsa malamulo opangira kupangidwa kwa zinthu. Malamulo opanga zinthu amakhudza kumene kukula kumachitika ndi kuti nkhokwe zanji. Malamulo opanga wailesi amakhazikitsa mmene misewu yatsopano ndi zipangizo zoyendetsera zinthu amapangira. Kulimbana ndi zonsezi ndi pangano la chitaganya, lomwe limaphatikizapo kumvetsera kwa anthu onse, makomiti olengeza, ndi mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti kuti asonkhanitse munthu wokhalamo, amange chidaliro, ndi kutsimikizira kuti kampani ya zopanga zinthu zigwirizana ndi makhalidwe a chitaganya ndi zofunika.

Kulimbikira Kuyang’anira Zinthu M’nthaŵi Yathu Ino

Maboma a m’maderawa amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu pamene akuyesetsa kukonza zinthu zamakono kuti zikhalebe zodalirika.

Kuchuluka kwa Malonda

Ukulu wa makampani ofunikira ndalama zopezeka. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Kadi ya Infraturapublication Report khadi [1] Nthaŵi zonse imasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu kwa dziko m'zopangapanga. Kwa maboma ambiri, zochokera ku zipatala zamwambo sizikuyendera limodzi ndi mtengo wa kumanga, kukwera mtengo, ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma chaukalamba chomwe chikufunikira chisamaliro. Zimenezi zimatsogolera ku zosankha zovuta, monga ngati kusungitsa chuma china kuti chipereke ndalama zofunikira kusungitsa ntchito zina zosamalira chitetezo pa ena.

Ukalamba ndi Kutetezedwa

Malo ambiri a ku America anakhazikitsidwa patapita nkhondo ndipo tsopano aposa kwambiri mmene anapangidwira. Miseche ikuchucha, misewu ikuwonongeka, ndipo malo akuwonongeka. Mbiri yosasamalitsa yachititsa "bowo losangalatsa" limene lili lovuta kuchotsa. Maboma a m'dziko ayenera kupanga zosankha zotopetsa za ndale zadziko kuti awonjezere mitengo kapena kuti apeze makampani atsopano kuti asungebe mlingo wa utumiki umene ulipowu.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Malamulo okonza za nyengo yakale akuwonjezereka kuwonongeka ndi nyengo yamakono ndi mtsogolo. Maboma a m'dziko ayenera kulimbana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kwa nthaŵi zambiri ndi kwamphamvu, kutentha kwa madera otentha, kukwera kwa nyanja, ndi ngozi yamoto yowonjezereka. Zimenezi zimafuna kukonzanso njira zamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera monga makoma a m'nyanja ndi kukonzanso njira zochotsera madzi, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti malo ovuta monga zipatala ndi malo ochitirako ngozi atha kugwira ntchito panthaŵi ya nyengo yoopsa. Kumanga kumawonjezera mtengo wa maprojekiti atsopano ndi amene alipo koma nkofunika kuti anthu azikhala otetezeka m'dera lalitali.

Chilungamo cha Mayanjano ndi Zachilengedwe

Maboma ambiri amene sanapatsidwe ntchito zapadera zamakono, alephera kugawidwa. Magulu ambiri olandira ndi osalandira ndalama zambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri okhala ndi mitundu yamitundu, avutika ndi zinthu zofunika monga njira zoyendera, mamondwe, ndi madongosolo a madzi oyera. Maboma a m'malowo tsopano akulimbikira kukonza zinthu zimenezi za m'mbiri mwa kuyambitsa ntchito m'madera ameneŵa, kuloŵetsa anthu m'kukonza zosankha, ndi kutsimikizira kuti kusintha kwatsopano sikuchotsa anthu amene alipo.

Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Ndiponso Umisiri

Kupereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba kumafunika anthu aluso, kuphatikizapo mainjiniya, okonza mapulani, oyendetsa mapulani, ndi anthu aluso. Maboma ambiri akulimbana kuti alembe ndi kusunga luso limeneli chifukwa cha kupikisana ndi anthu a m’bungwe laokha ndiponso chifukwa cha ndalama zimene amalipira.

Mabungwe Opereka Malangizo Othandiza Kupereka Chithandizo

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, maboma a m’dziko lonselo akupeza chipambano mwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zamakono zopangira njira zimenezi, ndipo njira zimenezi zikupereka mpata kwa anthu ena amene akufunafuna kuti akonze zinthu zawo.

Kulandira Njira Yoyendetsera Moyo wa Munthu

Kuchokera ku "maketi-it-tting" chitsanzo cha njira yoyang'anira zinthu zowonongeka ndi chimodzi cha zinthu zogwira mtima zimene boma lakwanuko lingachite. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso pa zinthu zofunika, kuchita zinthu, ndi ngozi kulinganiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma chonse. Kumatanthauza kukonza zinthu zotetezera ndi zokonza zapanthaŵi yake kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu zonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kumathandiza kwambiri pa mtengo wotsika.

Kukonza Malonda Otha Kusintha Zinthu

Madera ambiri akusamuka kupyola misonkho yamwambo ndi zomangira. Njira za msonkho (IT), [1] Kubweretsa likulu la chigawo ndi ukatswiri wopereka ntchito za onse. Zomangira zamtengo wapatali zogwira [[[FLT:]] zonga ndalama za msonkho (ITS), zowonjezereka zoperekedwa ndi ntchito yatsopano yothandiza kulipira ntchito. zomangira za zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira ntchito ndi malo osungidwa. Maprogramungwe othandizira ngati [FL:] ASPAFREFRASFRACYFF

Kutenga Maluwa Mwaluso ndi Mwaluso

Zipangizo zamakono zimapereka zipangizo zamphamvu kwambiri zothandizira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino. Zipangizo zozindikira bwino zingayang'anitsitse kuyenda kwa magalimoto, kuzindikira kuchucha kwa madzi m’nthaŵi yeniyeni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu m’nyumba za anthu. Maboma akutembenukiranso ku zomangamanga zapadera kwambiri [1] [[FLT: 0], zimene zimagwiritsa ntchito madongosolo achilengedwe kuyang'anira madzi otentha, kukonzanso mpweya wabwino, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu za kutentha kwa m’tauni. EPA Green Infraturapublicture program [1] Zipangizo zowonjezereka pa njira imeneyi. Kuphatikiza "y" (mapaipi, kobiri) ndi "projeti" ndi "maketi" maluso amakono okhoza kukonza zinthu.

Kuyamba Kuona Kuyenera kwa Kuchokera Pachiyambi

Malo amodzi amafunika kulinganiza. Maboma akugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zogawira malo kuti adziwe anthu amene akufunikira kwambiri zinthu zapamwamba ndiponso kuti agwirizane ndi malamulo a pulojekiti yawo yoyambirira. Izi zimatanthauzanso kupanga njira zochepetsera zinthu zimene zimalepheretsa anthu kukhala ndi phande ndi kufunafuna mfundo zolimba kuchokera ku magulu a anthu osakhala Angelezi, kuphatikizapo olankhula ndi nzika za dzikolo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti.

Kumanga Ubwenzi Wogwirana Bwino

Boma la m'dzikolo silingathetse mavuto ake lokha. Kugwirizana kwa chigawo kumalola anthu kusonkha ndalama ndi kusamalira katundu monga makampani ogwiritsa ntchito madzi kapena njira zoyendera, kukwaniritsa chuma. Kugwirizana ndi makampani osapanga phindu, mayunivesite, ndi makampani a anthu kungachititse luso ndi chuma china. Kumanga ubwenzi wolimba ndi boma ndiponso mabungwe a boma ndi a boma n’kofunikanso kwambiri popereka mapulogalamu ndi malamulo oyendetsera zinthu.

Kuphunzira pa Kuchita Zinthu Mwachitsanzo: Zitsanzo Zopereka Chifanizo

Kuona mmene njira zimenezi zimagwirira ntchito m’dziko lenileni kumatithandiza kumvetsa bwino zimene zingatheke.

Kusintha Makina Oyendetsera Zinthu

Mzinda wapakati pa mzinda unali kuyang'anizana ndi milingo ya kusweka kwa mabasi ndi kutsika kwa okwera pa kampani yaikulu ya m’tauni. M’malo mongokonzanso msewu, mzindawo unayamba kutengera misewu yozungulira [1] . Anasintha njira kuti apereke njira za mabasi zopatulidwa, zotetezedwa ndi misewu ya njinga, ndi kufutukuka, misewu yotetezeka yokhala ndi kuwolokera kwabwino. Ntchitoyo, yotsogozedwa ndi U.S. Dipatimenti ya zoyendera zoyenda zomaliza za misewu [1], inafunikira kulinganiza kwa anthu ndi kukonza malo enieni a msewu. Kulanditsatsa misewuko 30%, kukwera kwa magalimoto, 15%, ndi kukwera kwa mabasi atsopano.

Madzi Amakono Okhala ndi Mabwinja

Mzinda wa mbiri yakale wokhala ndi zimbudzi zophatikizana, unali kuyang'ana kukwera kwa misonkho ya maluŵa pa zochitika za mvula yamphamvu. Mmalo momanga ngalande ya pansi panthaka yokwera mtengo, ya madola mamiliyoni ambiri, mzindawo unayamba kukonza njira yopangira maluŵa obiriŵira. Iwo anapanga maluŵa ndi malo oyendamo a mvula ndi otchipa m'njira zaufulu za anthu onse, anaika madenga obiriŵira pa nyumba za anthu onse, ndipo anapereka zikopa kwa eni malo okongola kuti achotsere pansi pansi pa dongosolo la madzi ozimbuzi. Kumeneku kunagaŵira njira yoyendera madzi a mphepo ku magwero ake, kunatsika mtengo wamtengo wa "gyy", ndipo kunapereka mapindu owonjezereka a malo obiriwira ndi okongola.

Kuchepetsa Mphamvu ya Mphamvu ya Majeremusi

tauni ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja yosavuta kuwonongeka ndi mphepo yamkuntho inachita masitepe kuti itsimikizire kuti malo ake ovuta angapitirizebe kugwira ntchito. Boma lakumaloko likugwirizana ndi magetsi ndi kukonza mapuloteni a magetsi kumanga kachipangizo kamodzi ka . Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito maboo a dzuŵa ndi bhetris kupatsa mphamvu maofesi ofunika, kuphatikizapo malo ozimira moto, malo osungirako ngozi, ndi malo obisa anthu, popanda mphamvu yamagetsi. Ma microgid siithandiza okha kukonza zinthu zangozi komanso imachepetsa mphamvu ya tauni panthaŵi ya ntchito zanthaŵi zonse.

Kumanga Tsogolo Lokhazikika ndi Losakondera

Maboma a m’deralo ndiwo akuluakulu a maziko a zinthu zimene zimalongosola malo athu. Ntchitoyi ndi yaikulu, imaphatikizapo chilichonse kuchokera ku misewu imene timayendetsa ku madzi amene timamwa ndi makompyuta amene amatigwirizanitsa. Madongosolo a zamagetsi a zinthu zofunika amafunika kusintha kuchoka pa kukonza zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri. Nthano imeneyi imaphatikizapo kulinganiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zatsopano, ndi kudzipereka kwambiri pa pangano la anthu ndi kukwaniritsa mfundo zachikhalidwe.

Zitokoso zake nzochuluka: chuma cha ukalamba, kusintha kwa nyengo, mipata yopitirizabe ya ndalama, ndi kusagwirizana kwa mbiri yakale. Komabe, mwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zamakono, kupanga maunansi amphamvu, ndi kuphunzira pa chipambano cha anzawo, maboma a m’malowo angagonjetse zopinga zimenezi. Magulu amene amapanga ndalama mwanzeru, kulinganiza zinthu, ndi kuzoloŵera mosalekeza adzakhala amene amalimbitsadi, kuchirikiza, ndi kuwongolera dongosolo la zofunikira za m’tsogolo.