Nyumba zokongola zakhala chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu kwambiri m'mizinda ku United States ndi kuzungulira dziko. Kukwera kwa nyumba, malipiro okhazikika, ndi kupereŵera kwa zopereka zapangitsa nyumba za eninyumba ndi ngakhale nyumba zokhazikika kukhala zosafikirika kwa mabanja mamiliyoni ambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti magulu a malonda achita mbali, malamulo a boma ku boma, boma, ndi maluso akumalo a kumaloko ngati nyumba zikhalabe zosagulika, kapena ngati sizingasinthidwe. Kumvetsetsa malamulo ameneŵa sikumangothandiza anthu kukhala ndi nyumba zawo zokha komanso kumawapatsa mphamvu zothandizira kusintha kwa dongosolo la zinthu. Nkhaniyi ikupenda malamulo ofunika kwambiri amene amakhudza nyumba zokhoza kumanga nyumba, zopimira bwino, zitsanzo zenizeni za chipambano, ndi zipangiko za chipambano, ndi masitepeto a anthu a m’tsogolo.

Kufunika kwa Nyumba Zokongola Kwambiri

Nyumba zolemera sizilinso malo osungirako munthu. Ndi maziko a chuma, maphunziro, thanzi lathupi ndi lamaganizo, ndi kukhazikika kwa chitaganya. Pamene mabanja awononga ndalama zawo zoposa 30% pa kuchuluka kwa nyumba . Muyezo wa boma wa “kulemera ndi kulemera" uli ndi ndalama zochepa kwambiri za chakudya, zoyendera, ndi zosunga ndalama. Zolemera zingatsogolere ku ku kuchotsedwa, kusoŵa pokhala, ndi kupsinjika maganizo kosatha. Nyumba zokhazikika, zakhala zogwirizana ndi zotulukapo zabwino za thanzi la ana ndi achikulire, ndalama zopimira maphunziro owonjezereka pakati pa ophunzira, ndi chuma chakumaloko. [FLT:] Kuchokera ku HUD , ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma cha anthu. Malo osoŵa a .

  • Kuchepetsa kusowa pokhala ndi kusakhazikika kwa nyumba
  • Amachirikiza chuma chakumaloko mwa kukonza ntchito ndi kugula zinthu
  • Kuchepetsa kuchulukana ndi upandu kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa chitaganya
  • Kuchotsa ndalama zogulira mankhwala ndiponso zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumathandiza kuti thanzi likhale lolimba
  • Kuphunzitsa ana okhala ndi nyumba zabwino kumawathandiza

Malamulo Olamulira Omwe Amaumba Nyumba Zokongola

Malamulo ena opereka ndalama zogulira nyumba, pamene ena amalamulira malo oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kupereka msonkho kwa omanga. Kuphatikiza pa ziwiya zimenezi kumasonyeza kuti nyumba zokhoza kumangidwa ndi kumangidwa, kumene ili, ndi amene angaipeze. Pansipa timawononga magulu a malamulo otchuka kwambiri.

Kumanga Malo ndi Malo Ogwiritsiridwa Ntchito

Malamulo olinganiza ali pakati pa amphamvu kwambiri [1] ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amatsutsana kwambiri. Malamulo amene maboma akumagwiritsira ntchito kukonza nyumba. Mabanja amodzi, amene amaletsa kumanga nyumba pa malo aakulu, kuchepetsa ndi kuyendetsa nthaka. Mosiyana ndi, [[FLT: 0]] kumanga malo otsika [[FLT:] [magawo] [magawo] [aaakuluakulu] [[FLT] [1] [1] [akulu a] [1] [akulu amodzi] ndi malo otsala otsika otsala. Malo owonjezera a nyumba, amafunika kapena amavomerezedwa ndi mizinda yonga ngati Minneapolis ndi Porton kuti alimbitse ntchito zatsopano. [[FU:] Kufufuza kwa [1] Kuwonjezera: [FLT] kumachititsa masinthidwe osoŵa kwambiri, kuchepetsa mphamvu za malo osoŵa kwambiri, koma kuwonjezera mphamvu za kusoŵa kwa malo osoŵa. Malo owonjezera owonjezereka a kuwonjezera a madera ena osoŵa.

  • Mabanja amodzi amaletsa kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi kugaŵana kwa malo
  • Malo omangapo nyumba ophatikizapo anthu amathandiza kuti anthu aziyenda m’madera osiyanasiyana okhala ndi nyumba zosiyanasiyana
  • Malamulo a malo kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu yokhoza kugula m’zochitika zatsopano
  • Malamulo ochirikiza malo okhala (ADU) amalola “kulemera kofeŵa ” m’madera amene alipo
  • Kuchepetsa zofunika za kuima m’galimoto kumachepetsa mtengo wa zomangamanga

Programu za Malonda a Boma ndi Zachuma

Popanda kuikizira kwa anthu kwapadera, malonda aumwini okha sangatulutse nyumba zokwanira. Boma la boma lapanga mabiliyoni a madola chaka ndi chaka kupyolera mwa maprogramu olinganizidwa kuchirikiza mbali zonse ziŵiri zoperekedwa (makonzedwe atsopano ndi kukonzanso) ndi mbali yofunikira (kuthandiza kwa anthu). Low-Inter Monition Crever (LHTC) [[FFF:2]] Programme , ndi programme za dziko, kupereka ngongole kwa omanga kapena okonza nyumba zokongola za kumanga makampani kapena kukonza makampani okongola. Chiyambire chake mu 1986, LHC yakhala ndi ndalama zokwana 3 miliyoni. [FFFFF:2] Gamenti yosa imodzi yokha yokha yokha m'dziko lonse. [zipatalipirira] pulogalamu ya projekiti yokwanira pakati pa [1]

  • Chikalata cha ngongole ya msonkho (LIHTC) chomwe ndi pulogalamu yaikulu kwambiri ya m’mbali mwa nyumba
  • Programu ya Kusunga Malonda Apanyumba — Zopereka Zosinthasintha kaamba ka zosoŵa za kumaloko
  • Malo osungirako zinthu za m’deralo (CDBG) — kuwonjezeka kwa anthu ambiri
  • Zosankha za Nyumba Zopanga Tulo (Kupanga Malo 8) — ndalama zothandizira anthu obwereka nyumba
  • Projekiti Yozikidwa pa MPENDERE — chithandizo choperekedwa chogwirizana ndi zitukuko zakutizakuti

Kulimbikitsa Anthu Kupereka Msonkho

Kupyola pa kuwonongera ndalama mwachindunji, lamulo la msonkho ndilo dalaivala wamphamvu wa nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa. Mabungwe oloŵa nyumba a Credit Credit [19] otchulidwa pamwambapa ndi chitsanzo chachikulu. Osonkhezera amapikisana ndi boma kaamba ka kugawiridwa kwa maloni a msonkho, amene amagulitsa kwa makampani (makampani ambiri) kukweza ndalama zopitira ntchito. Mabungwe ofunikira ayenera kukhalabe okhoza kukwaniritsa nyengo yoikidwiratu (zaka 30). Makampani ena amaphatikizapo msonkho wa nyumba zokongola za nyumba zokongola , zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi nyumba zokongola zokongola mizinda yonga New York ndi Chicago , ndipo kulanditsa msonkho pa zomagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mantchito zoyenerera. Maboma ena amaperekanso [FT.FF: 3]

  • Kuchotsapo misonkho ya katundu kumachepetsa mtengo wogwirira ntchito kwa eni malo okhoza kugula
  • Boma limapeza ndalama zochepa zogulira ndalama za msonkho wa nyumba zowonjezera pa LIHTC
  • Malonda a zomangira amagulitsira msonkho pa zinthu zotsika mtengo
  • Kusintha kwa zinthu m’mbiri kumalimbikitsa kugwiritsira ntchitonso nyumba zakale

Mavuto Opitirizabe Pogwira Ntchito

Ngakhale malamulo a nyumba olinganizidwa bwino kwambiri amalephera chifukwa cha mathithi andale, a zachuma, ndi aulamuliro. NIMYS (“Simukhala mu Yanga")) adakali chimodzi cha zopinga zazikulu kwambiri: okhalamo amatsutsa zinthu zatsopano, makamaka nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa, kutchula nkhaŵa za magalimoto, chuma, kapena khalidwe la anthu okhala nawo. Kutsutsa kumeneku kungachedwetsekereza ntchito za zaka zambiri ndi kuyendetsa ndalama. Vuto lina lalikulu ndilo [[FLT:] yosakwanira kuthandizira ndalama . Maprogramumboni monga LHC ndi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyumba zotsala, ngakhale zitapanda zopinga, ngakhale zigawo zopinga zopinga. Zosoŵa za dziko lapansi zowonjezereka, zingalephereke, ngakhale kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyumba zofunikira, ngakhale kuwonjezera, kuwonjezera pa zaka zitatu, kusoŵa kwa anthu ambiri, ngakhalenso kuwonjezera pa kusoŵa kwa kusoŵa kwa nyumba.

  • Chitsutso cha kumaloko cholinganizidwa kupyolera mwa magulu a chitaganya ndi bungwe la mizinda
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndalama zothandizira pa lendi ndiponso zopangira zinthu
  • Njira zosavuta zovomereza zimene zimachulukitsa ndalama ndi mizere ya nthaŵi
  • Kuchotsedwa kwa ziletso zokhoza (m’njira ya, nyengo za zaka 30 zotsatizana ndi chivomerezo)
  • Kumanga maluwa ndi kusamuka kwa anthu pafupi ndi nyumba zatsopano zokhoza kugulitsidwa

Kufufuza Nkhani za Anthu Odwala Matenda Mokhutiritsa

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, mizinda yambiri yasonyeza kuti njira zandale ndiponso njira zanzeru zingathandize kuti anthu apeze nyumba zotsika mtengo.

Nyumba Zomangamanga Zamzinda wa New York (MIH)

Mu 2016, New York City inatengera pulogalamu ya Mandation Incluisary Hosme, yofuna okonza malo osinthira ntchito zazikulu kuti aike pambali 20% mpaka 30% ya mayuniti. Programuyi imagwira ntchito ku madera olembedwanso kuti azikhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri, makamaka m'madera omwe akubwera. Pofika 2023, MIH inatulutsa mathithithi oposa 8,000 otchipa, limodzi ndi zikwi zambiri m'migolo yaikulu. Malamulo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama zothandizira mzindawo [[FLT: 0] Ndalama zokhalamo anthu ambiri ndi msonkho wa katundu wonga ngati 421-AH (tsopano ndi Affordcable). Phunziro kuchokera ku NYC ndi kufunika kwa ndalama zofunikira za kuwonjezera. [FFGUT.]

Kusintha ndi Kupereka Ndalama ku San Francisco

San Francisco ali ndi imodzi ya ndalama zapamwamba zogulira nyumba m'dzikolo, komabe yayambitsanso njira zingapo zatsopano. Nyumba za Bonas Program] Zokhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito [Family Honase Honase [1]] imalola omanga nyumba kumanga zikalata zazitali ndi zolemera kuphatikizapo makampani okhoza kugula. San Francisco amagwiritsiranso ntchito muyeso wa malo amodzi (Kulinganiza C) kumene kumawonjezera ndalama zothandizira nyumba ndi mautumiki kupyolera m'makampani, kutulutsa mazana a madola mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse. Inanso imaima kunja kwa mzinda ndi chivomerezo kaamba ka maprojekiti okhoza kukwera mtengo: zimenezi zingapangitse kupenda zinthu ngati akumana ndi malamulo ndi kulinganiza. Pamene San Francisco akuyang'anabe nyumba zowonongeka, njira yake yovomerezeka ndi kukongola ndalama zovomerezeka.

Minneapolis: Kuthetsa Kudzikongoletsa kwa Banja Lokha

Mu 2018, Minneapolis anakhala mzinda woyamba wa ku United States kuchotsa banja limodzi lokha, kulola kuti makampani azikhala ndi nyumba zitatu m'malo onse okhala. Kukonzanso kunali mbali ya mapulani a mzindawo, Minneapolis 2040, yomwe inawonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa nyumba pafupi ndi malo a malonda. Umboni woyambirira ukusonyeza kuti malamulowo awonjezera kupangidwa kwa nyumba m’madera akale opatulako nyumba, ngakhale kuti ndalama zosungidwa za obwereka zakhala zopereŵera ndalama chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa malonda onse. Komabe, kusamuka kwa Minneapolis kwachititsa zoyesayesa zofananazo m’mizinda monga Portland, Seattle, ndi (boma la California). Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza kuti kukonzanso zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri pamene kuli kopetsa ndalama zobweretsedwa ndi kubweretsedwa ndi kubweretsedwa kwa nyumba zina. Komabe, ngakhale ndi kubweredi.

Ntchito ya Uphunzitsi wa Anthu

Malamulo a boma samatuluka m'chimbudzi cha boma. Amapangidwa ndi zoyesayesa zopitirizabe za ziŵalo za chitaganya, mabungwe a kulera ana, ndi magulu a magulu. Nzika zingasonkhezere kupezeka kwa nyumba mwa kupezeka pa misonkhano yakumaloko, kuchitira umboni pa msonkhano wa mzinda, ndi kugwirizanitsa kapena kupanga magulu amene amasumika maganizo pa kuweruza kwa nyumba. [[FLT:] Sixline Institute yofufuza za boma [] kulinganiza] kumasonyeza kuti magulu a "YY" achita mwachipambano kumanga nyumba zomangira ndi zolemera m'mizinda yambiri ya West Coast Coast . Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, maukwati a makampani ndi mabungwe alamulo ochirikiza kuyendetsakoleza nyumba, zitetezero, ndi kusungidwa kwa malamulo a boma. Nthaŵi zambiri zogwirizana ndi kugwirizanitsa maphunziro osankhidwa bwino, ndi akuluakulu a boma amalonda ambiri a chipambano m'machenjera kuyendetsanso ntchito za boma.

  • Pitani ku misonkhano ya bungwe la m’tauni ndi kulinganiza kuzenga milandu
  • Seŵererani kapena kuchirikiza magulu a anthu omanga nyumba (YIMBY, maukwati a anthu)
  • Gwiritsani ntchito makampani oulutsira nkhani pofuna kudziŵitsa anthu ndiponso kulimbikitsa anthu kuti asankhe zochita
  • Muzigwira nawo ntchito yokonza nyumba ndiponso kukonzanso malo
  • Kuthandiza anthu opita ku masankho a kumaloko okhala ndi nyumba zomangidwa bwino

Kuyang’ana Kutsogolo: Tsogolo la Lamulo la Kumanga Nyumba Lokwera

Pamene mizinda ikupitiriza kuwonjezereka ndi ziyambukiro za kusintha kwa nyengo kwa anthu ovutika mowonjezereka, mtsogolo mwa nyumba zokhoza kupezeka moyenerera mudzafunikira njira zosinthira ndi kugwirizana. Chikhoterero china chachikulu ndicho chigogomezero pa machitachita omanga [[FLT: 0]], monga ngati kumanga kwa tham' , ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zotsika zoyendera, zimene zingachepetsenso ndalama zogwirira ntchito nyumba zokhoza kugulitsira nyumba zokongola. Zina ndizo kuwonjezera mayanjano a anthu a paokha a boma lokha], kumene maboma akupereka dziko kapena malo okhala ndi osoŵapo apadera a m’matendawo, pamene kuli kopanda kusoŵa kwa anthu ambiri. Pamene kuli kosoŵa kwa anthu ambiri. Malo osoŵa a m’mabanja osoŵa osoŵa. [FL.N.NUF.NUF: FFF:]

  • Muzimanga nyumba zobiriwira kwambiri
  • Limbikitsani mgwirizano wapoyera pa likulu laumwini
  • Muziika malamulo oteteza ndalama za lendi komanso zinthu zina zimene mungafunike kukonza
  • Nyumba Yoyamba ndi yothandiza anthu osowa pokhala
  • Wochirikiza chithandizo cha lendi wa padziko lonse

Nyumba zokongola siziri nkhani yofala . Ndiyo maziko a anthu otukuka, osakondera. Malamulo a boma angawonjezere kapena kuchepetsa vuto la nyumba, ndipo kusiyanako kumabwera podziŵa, kupitirizabe kusungidwa ndi anthu okhalamo ndi osungitsa ndalama. Mwakumvetsetsa zida zopezeka . Kusinthasintha zinthu, kupereka ndalama, zosonkhetsa msonkho, ndi zopinga zimene zimaima pa njira yawo, anthu ndi mabungwe angakakamize kusintha kumene kudzapangitsa nyumba kukhala zotetezeka ndi zokhoza kusungika kwa mibadwo. Mtsogolo mwa mzinda wanu kudalira pa ilo.