Table of Contents

Mu 2024, opanga malamulo a United States anachita makambitsirano aakulu ndi kukambitsirana za kusintha kokulira pa malamulo a malire kumene kukasintha kwenikweni mmene dzikolo limayendetsera kusamuka, njira zopulumukira, ndi chisungiko cha malire. Malingaliro ameneŵa anatulukira motsutsana ndi kukumana kwa osamuka kwapamwamba pa malire a U.S. Mexico, chuma cha boma chopanda pake, ndi magaŵano aakulu a ndale zadziko omwe potsirizira pake akagamula za chimene ena anatcha lamulo lapamwamba la kusamuka kwa anthu m'zaka makumi ambiri.

Malo Opatulikitsa Alamulo: Mapepala Aakulu ndi Malamulo

Gulu la bipartisan la osunga malamulo a United States linayambitsa Emergency National Security Approprias Act, 2024 pa February 4, 2024. Malamulo ameneŵa amaphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu kumene kungasinthe chitetezo cha malire ndi njira yotetezera ku U.S. Mu May, U.S. Chris Murphy (D-C) adayambitsa S. 4361, Boount Act ya 2024. Malamulo ameneŵa anaimira miyezi ya kukambirana kosamalitsa pakati pa Republican ndi Democracracy Age Agea ofunafuna maziko ogwirizana pa nkhani za nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri ku America.

Emergency National Security Amedial Aproprias Act ya 2024 imaphatikizapo zoposa $20.2 biliyoni kaamba ka "board" ya ndalama ndi masamba mazana ambiri a malire ndi kusintha kwa kusamuka. Kuchuluka kwa zopereka zimenezi kunasonyeza kuvuta kwa kuyang'anira malire koyang'anizana ndi dziko, kulongosola chirichonse kuchokera ku zopimira zakuthupi kufikira ku njira zotetezera.

Nyumba ya Oimira inapititsanso patsogolo njira yakeyake kupyolera m'lamulo losiyana. Kuyambiriro kwa programu ya msonkhano, House Republicans dlulitsa H.R. 2, Chisungiko cha Lamulo la Booust mu 2023, chimene chinapanga njira yosiyana kwambiri ya chisungiko cha malire kuposa kulolera kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo. Kumira pakati pa zipinda kukakhala chimodzi cha zopinga zambiri zopezera kusintha kwatanthauzo.

Magawo a Kusintha Kotsatira M’dzikolo

Kusintha kwa Chitetezo cha M’malire ndi Luso la Zamakono

Khotili likanalunjikitsa pafupifupi $20bb ku lamulo lowonjezereka pa malire a United States ndi Mexico ndi kulimbana ndi malonda a mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugulitsa ndalama kokwanira kumeneku ku cholinga cha kukonza maluso amakono a chitetezo ku mabwalo a dziko kudzera m'njira zambiri. Ndalamazo zikanachirikiza kumanga ndi kuwonjezera zopinga zakuthupi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola zoyendera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zodulira njira zotulukira polowa.

Kuwongolera kwa makhoma a nyumba zimene zinakonzedwa kupyola pa malinga a gombe la mwambo. Mlembiyo ayenera kugonjera ku makomiti oyenerera a bungwe logwirizanitsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo zilembo zapachaka za kumangidwa kwa khoma lotero ndi kuyerekezera mtengo wokwaniritsira zofunika zonse za kumanga khoma, kuphatikizapo kuikidwa ndi kuikidwa kwa zipangizo zamakono, luso la zopangapanga, ndi zinthu zina. Kudziŵa bwino kumeneku kuyenera kuti chitetezo cha m'malire chimafunikira njira yogwirizana ndi njira ya kulimba ya zothetsera ndi luso la zopangapanga zinthu.

Makampani a zaumisiri anaphatikizapo kukonza zipangizo zofufuzira zinthu zopangidwa kuti zidziwe fentanyl ndi mankhwala ena oletsedwa, kuwonjezera njira zoonera zinthu pa madoko, ndiponso njira zoyendetsera zinthu zoyendera.

Kuwonjezeka kwa Ogwira Ntchito ndi Chuma cha Malire

Gawo la malamulo la Bipartisan linaphatikizapo pafupifupi $200,000,000,000 m’zopereka zina za DHS ndi madipatimenti ena kugwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro atsopanowo, monga: (a) Oposa 1,500 atsopano a ku United States Customs and Borders Protection (CBP) Oyang’anira za Boutensis Patrol ndi akuluakulu a CBP; (b) akuluakulu atsopano otetezera malo ndi owonjezereka a U.S.S. a bungwe la Immigration Service pothandiza kuchepetsa zigamu za panthaŵi yake ndi zoyenerera; (c) magulu atsopano 100 oweruza oukira othandizira oloŵa m'dziko ndi osunga malo otetezera osungirako milandu a CBUD. Ofutukulidwawo anazindikira kuti luso la zopangapangapanga zinthu lokha silingathetse mavuto pa malire, anthu omwe alipo pokonza, ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito.

Kuwonjezereka kwa ntchito kolingaliridwa kunali chimodzi cha zowonjezereka zazikulu koposa za kusungitsa ndi kukonza zinthu m'mbiri yaposachedwapa. Lamulolo limawonjezeranso malipiro apamwamba a ofisala ndipo limapatsa ulamuliro wa DHS kwakanthaŵi kuti alembe antchito kuti agwiritsire ntchito ndalamazo. Makonzedwe ameneŵa cholinga chake chinali kukopa oyenerera ndi kuchotsa njira yopezera anthu oyenerera ndi kutumiza anthu, imene kale inali yochedwa ndi yovuta.

Kupyola olondera malire ndi akuluakulu otetezera, zifunozo zinaphatikizapo kupereka ndalama kaamba ka antchito ena osintha ndi Custom Enigrcement (ICO), antchito ochirikiza makhoti a anthu oloŵa m’dziko, ndi chuma cha malo ogona ndi mautumiki m'midzi yolandira alendo. Njira imeneyi yaudindo inavomereza kuti kuyang'anira malire kumapitirira malire enieniwo kuphatikizapo kusungitsa kwa mkati ndi njira zochirikizira anthu.

Kusintha kwa Chisinthiko Kusanduka Kusintha

Makonzedwe aakulu okhudza kusamukira ku dziko kwa lamulo adzachita zotsatirazi: Kukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yopulumukira ku malire a United States m’mene akuluakulu otetezera a boma amabisala m'malo opulumukira oikidwa pa frameshoni ya nthaŵi yokonzedwa bwino. Izi zinaimira kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa mmene United States imachitira ndi zikalata zotetezera, kuchotsa ulamuliro wa akulu a boma kuchokera ku bwalo la oloŵa m’dziko kupita ku apolisi kumalire.

Lamulolo limakhazikitsa njira yatsopano yopulumukira kumalire a United States. Njira yatsopano imeneyi imapereka ma Services a Stockhondation Services (USCIS) ndi maofesala a US ndi ulamuliro wa kukhazikitsa malamulo a kopulumukira kumalire. Pansi pa dongosolo lino, ofunafuna kopulumukira akalandira malo oyamba ndi zosankha, zokhoza kuchepetsa kuyembekezera kwa zaka zimene zasonyeza dongosolo lamakono.

Cholinga cha zinthu zambiri zogwirizanitsidwa ndi njira ya kopulumukira chikakhala kuchepetsa nthaŵi ya kuyembekezera kuchokera pa zaka 57 kufika pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kuthamanga kochititsa chidwi kumeneku kuli ndi cholinga chofuna kulongosola chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu kwambiri ndi dongosolo lomwe lilipo: kubwerera kwa milandu yotsala yotsala m'malamulo ofunafuna kopulumukira kwa zaka zambiri pamene akudikira kutsata.

Masinthidwewo anaphatikizanso masinthidwe a miyezo ya kopulumukira ndi njira zofufuzira. lamulolo limawonjezeranso ziletso zina ponena za kukhoza kwa osamukira ku maiko ena kupeza kopulumukira. Ziletso zimenezi zinali zofuna kutsimikizira kuti chuma cha opulumukira chisamalire anthu okhala ndi zosoŵa zenizeni za chitetezo pamene akunyalanyaza mwamsanga zinthu zopanda pake kapena zachinyengo.

Ulamuliro wa Mphepo: Kutsutsana Kochititsa Chidwi

Mwinamwake mbali yotsutsana kwambiri ya masinthidwe olingaliridwawo inali kupangidwa kwa "Burder Emergency Authority" imene idzasintha kwenikweni njira yopezera kopulumukira yozikidwa pa milingo ya kukumana. Lamulo latsopano layambitsa lingaliro la choyambitsa, limene lidzatha pamene chiŵerengero cha osamuka okumana ndi akuluakulu a malire a pamalire a kudutsa avareji ya 5,000 pa mlungu umodzi. Lamulolo limapatsanso pulezidenti mphamvu ya kutseka malire a kummwera ndi Mexico ngati opitirira 4,000 ayesa kuwoloka malirewo m’sabata.

Pamene milingo ya tsiku ndi tsiku ifika 4,000 pa avareji ya masiku 7, pulezidenti ndi Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security (DHS) amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro watsopano umenewu. Koma pamene akumana kwa masiku 7, kapena 8,500 patsiku limodzi, pulezidentiyo angafunikire kugwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro umenewu. Kutsatira kumeneku kunapangitsa nthambi yapamwamba kukhala ndi ufulu woyang'anira malo otsikirapo pamene kudutsako kunafika pa makhonde apamwamba.

Komabe, akuluakulu a zamwadzidzidzi analephera kwambiri. Lamuloli limafuna kuti boma lilole anthu kufunafuna populumukirapo ngakhale panthaŵi ya ngozi ya pamalire ndipo limafuna kuti boma lisungebe malo oloŵerapo 1,400 tsiku ndi tsiku m’njira imeneyi. Makonzedwewa anayesa kulinganiza zolinga za kuyang'anira malire ndi ntchito za anthu pansi pa lamulo la mayiko.

Bungwe la Boma la Emergency Authority likanaloŵa m’madzulo zaka zitatu pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa; komabe, pambuyo pake, Nyumba ya Malamulo ikasankha kuifutukula. makonzedwe a kuloŵa kwa dzuŵa ameneŵa anasonyeza nkhaŵa za kupanga mphamvu zangozi zosatha pamene akuzindikira kuti mkhalidwe wa malirewo ungafunikire njira zapadera kwakanthaŵi.

Kunyalanyaza ndi Njira Zina Zochitira Zinthu Mosasamala

Khotili limafuna kuti Immiggement ndi Customs Enircement (ICE) kutsimikizira malamulo osasintha a kutsekera m'mabwalo onse. Iwo angafunikire kuika malamulo ameneŵa m'malo amodzi m'masiku 90 ndi kuwadziŵikitsa poyera. Komabe, limaperekanso ndalama kuti ICE ikhale ndi mibedi yokwanira pafupifupi 500,000 yopezeka. Kuwonjezeka kwa 47 peresenti kuchokera pa bedi la 44,000 loperekedwa mu 2023, 2022, ndi 2021.

Kusintha kwa njira ziŵirizi ndi kukweza ponse paŵiri mphamvu ya kutsekera ndi njira zina zoloŵa m’ndende . Ochirikiza kumangidwa kowonjezereka anatsutsa kuti kunali kofunika kuti lamulo liyende bwino ndi kutsimikizira kuwonekera kwa oloŵa m'dziko. Ochirikiza kuwonjezera kutsimikizira kuti maprogramu auyang'aniro a chitaganya apeza kugonjera kokulira pamtengo wotsika ndipo popanda kuvutika kwa anthu.

Kufunika kwa malamulo osasintha, opezeka poyera oloŵera m’malo a kutsekera ndende kunatanthauza kuyesayesa kubweretsa kuwonekera ndi kulinganiza kokulira ku dongosolo limene lakhala losiyanasiyana kwambiri m’mbiri yonse m’maofesi ndi madera osiyanasiyana a ICE.

Njira za Malamulo Zofutukulidwa ndi Chitetezo

Ngakhale kuti malamulo ambiri okhudza kuonetsetsa kuti anthu akufunika kusamukira kudziko lina ndiponso malamulo oletsa kusamuka, malamulowa analinso ndi makonzedwe owonjezera njira zolowera anthu osamukira kumayiko ena.

Chikalatachi chimaphatikizapo chinenero chofanana ndi Afghan Surform Act yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pa zigawo ziŵiri zomalizira za Congress. Chingakhazikitse njira yolowera koma yovuta kwa anthu othaŵa kwawo omwe sanapezeko malo opulumukira kuti asinthidwe mwalamulo ku Malamulo a Malamulo a Resident . Malamulo ameneŵa analongosola mkhalidwe wosatsimikizirika wa Afghani zikwi makumi ambiri amene anasamutsidwira ku United States akutsatira Taliban mu 2021 koma alibe malo alamulo okhazikika.

Poyankha kukakamiza kwa olamulira a Democratic ndi olamulira a mzinda amene akuchita ndi gulu lalikulu la osamuka m’maiko awo ndi mizinda, lamulolo limaphatikizapo zilolezo za ntchito kwa osamuka kotero kuti angapeze ntchito pamene milandu yawo ikukonzedwa. Makonzedwe ameneŵa anazindikira chenicheni chakuti ofunafuna kopulumukira kaŵirikaŵiri amayembekezera miyezi kapena zaka kuti apeze chigamulo ndipo ayenera kukhala okhoza kudzichirikiza iwo eni mmalo mwa kudalira pa chithandizo chapoyera kapena kugwira ntchito mosemphana ndi lamulo.

Ziletso pa Ulamuliro Wopatulidwa

Lamulolo liyenera kuchepetsa kuchotsedwa kwa osamuka omwe amafika ku U.S. ndi malo, ndi zina zosakhala padera. Lankford (R-OK) anasonyeza kuti "Kulandira chilango cha anthu aufulu kwafotokozedwa" m'lamulo, kuchepetsa mmene amagwiritsidwira ntchito kumalire. Zimenezi zinaimira kutsendereza kodziŵika kwa kuyang'anira nthambi pankhani za kusamukira m'dziko.

Republican adatsutsa kugwiritsira ntchito maprogramu a Biden a kuchotsa chilango, akutsutsana kuti anazemba njira zamakono za anthu oloŵa m'dziko ndi kulenga njira zatsopano zalamulo popanda chilolezo cha bungwe. Ziletso zoperekedwazo zolinganizidwa kuchepetsa mikhalidwe yapadera ya anthu mmalo mwa chiŵiya chanthaŵi zonse choyang'anira malire.

Kusintha kwa Ndale ndi Malamulo

Kulankhulana kwa Bipartiya ndi Chichirikizo Choyambirira

Nyumba ya malamulo yapanga pangano pa chikalata cha Biden . Gulu la makampani la Senator James Lankford (R-Oklama), Senator Kyrsten Sinema (I-Arizona), ndi Senator Chris Murphy (Dithony), loimira kuyesayesa kwa kufunafuna dziko.

"Tsopano tafikira pangano pa kampani ya chitetezo cha dziko la Bipartis imene imaphatikizapo njira yolimba ndi yolungama ya kusintha malire m'zaka makumi ambiri. Ndikuichirikiza mwamphamvu, Biden adanena m'mawu. Chivomerezo cha Pulezidenti chinapereka chizindikiro chakuti kulolerako kunawona kuvomereza mosasamala kanthu za makonzedwe amene analetsa ulamuliro wa boma ndi miyezo ya kopulumukira yotsekeredwa kupyola pa zimene Democrates anachirikiza mwamwambo.

"Mmene munkachitira msonkhanowo ndi kuyambitsa njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yokonza bwino zinthu," Nyumba ya Majority Mtsogoleri Chack Schumer, D-N.Y, imauza atolankhani tsatanetsatane wa zimene anagamula. Kuchirikiza kwa utsogoleri wa democratic kunasonyeza kuti kusamala malire kunali kopanda ntchito pa ndale ndi kuti kulolera kunali kofunika kuti ndalama zikhale zofunika pa zinthu zina zofunika, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cha Ukraine ndi Israel.

Kutsutsa kwa Dziko ndi Kuŵerengera Ndale

Ngakhale kuti lamulolo linachokera ku zigawo za zigawo, chichirikizo cha Republica chinatha mwamsanga. House Speaker Mike Johnson anatsutsa, akumanena kuti si kulimba kwenikweni kwa osamuka. Lamulolo layamba kale kugunda khoma la njerwa m'Nyumba kumene atsogoleri a GOP akulengeza kuti "kufa pofika.

Pamene nkhani ya malire ikhala malo apakati a ndawala ya pulezidenti 2024, ndipo pulezidenti wakale Trump akulimbikitsa poyera opanga malamulo a GOP kutsutsa panganolo, ziyembekezo za kufikira desiki la Pulezidenti Biden zikuwoneka kukhala zakuda. Chitsutso cha Trump chinatsimikizira kukhala chotsimikizirika m'kutembenuza malingaliro a Republican motsutsana ndi lamulo limene ambiri adasonyeza kuti akachirikiza.

Trump anakakamiza opanga malamulo a GOP kupha mapangano alionse omwe sanali "angwiro," ndipo anapambana. Otsutsa anatsutsa kuti chifuno cha Trump chinali chandale zadziko mmalo mwa kutsata chipwirikiti chamalire monga nkhani ya ndawala mmalo mwa kulola Biden kudzinenera kuti ali ndi chilolezo chakuyankha vutolo kupyolera mwa lamulo la bipartis.

"Trump anauza anzake a MAGA kuti aphe ilo m'njira zake kuti agwiritsire ntchito nkhani ya mpikisano," Nyumba ya Majority Mtsogoleri Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., anauza atolankhani pambuyo pa voti. Chinenezo chimenechi chinagogomezera ukulu umene lamulo la anthu osamukira ku maiko linakhala logonjera ku ndale zadziko zosankhidwa, ndi kukambitsirana kwa malamulo ochirikiza kubwerera kumbuyo kukapanga projekiti.

Ntchito za Nyumba ya Malamulo Zolephera

Kuyenda kwa Count Act mu mphukuto kunalephera ndi voti ya 49-50. Voti ya February inaimira kugonjetsedwa koyamba kwa kulolera kwa Bipartia . Khoti la malamulo linalephera kupititsa patsogolo pa voti 43-50 procedural. Lamulo la chitetezo cha pa malire, S.4361, linalandira mavoti ochepa pa Lachinayi monga lamulo la stalone monga mbali ya thumba lalikulu la chithandizo cha kumaiko akunja mu February.

Nyumba ya malamulo ya Democrates inalephera kukhazikitsa lamulo la chitetezo cha kumalire a Biparta Lachinayi, ndi chivomerezo cha Republika chirichonse kwa mwana ilo monga Donald Trump akuchititsa chipwirikiti cha kumalire monga mbali yapakati ya mkupiti wake motsutsana ndi Pulezidenti Joe Biden. Pafupifupi GOP senitor iriyonse, limodzi ndi Democrates asanu ndi mmodzi, anavotera ku Relicester biparstan la chikalata cholinganizidwa kuswa pa kusamuka ndi kuchepetsa malire. Chivoti cha May chinasonyeza kuti chichirikizo china cha Democrates amene poyamba anachirikiza phukutolo tsopano.

New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker ananena m'mawu a Lachitatu kuti pamene iye anavotera kaamba ka phukusi lalikulu kuchiyambi kwa February – kwakukulukulu chifukwa chakuti ilo linaphatikizapo chithandizo chosuliza ku Ukraine – iye sakachita tero panthaŵi ino chifukwa chakuti lamulolo linali loletsa kwambiri. Izi zinasonyeza nkhaŵa zopita patsogolo zakuti Democrat adavomereza mopambanitsa m'kukambitsirana ndi kuti ziletso za lamulo la potetezera zingavulaze anthu ovutika.

Mikangano Yochirikiza Kusintha

Chisungiko cha M’malire ndi Ulamuliro wa Dziko

Ochirikiza kusinthako ananena kuti kuwonjezera chitetezo cha m’malire chinali chofunika kwambiri kuti dziko likhale ndi ulamuliro ndiponso kuti anthu akhale otetezeka. Iwo anatchula kuti pamalire a kummwera kwa dzikolo panapezeka manambala ambiri osonyeza kuti dongosolo lomwe linalipoli linaswedwa ndi kuti panafunika njira zapadera kuti dziko likhalenso ladongosolo ndi lotetezeka.

Ochirikiza mfundo imeneyi anagogomezera kuti chitetezo cha m’malire chathandiza anthu a ku America kuletsa kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka kuchuluka kwa anthu amene amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Anthu amene ankalimbikitsa mfundo imeneyi ananenanso kuti kukonza zinthu mwadongosolo ndiponso mwaluso kukanathandiza kuti boma lizidziwa bwino anthu ndi kuwateteza pokana kufunsira makampani obisa ndiponso kudutsa m’njira zoletsedwa.

Kusamalira Malo Osungirako ndi Kuchedwa kwa Madongosolo

Makamaka, cholinga chake nchakuti achepetse kawirikawiri anthu adikire zaka kuti apeze chomalizira pa mlandu wawo wopulumukira. Chikalata chachikulu m’makhoti ozembedwa ndi anthu oloŵa m'dziko . Ndi milu yankhani yotsalayo / ikukhazikitsa dongosolo kumene chiweruzo cholungama chinazengereza kukanidwa ponse paŵiri ofunafuna kopulumukira ndi boma.

Ochirikiza anatsutsa kuti kuchedwa kwa dongosolo lamakono kutsata kusamukitsa kosakhala kwa lamulo chifukwa chakuti osamuka anadziŵa kuti angakhalebe mu United States kwa zaka zambiri pamene milandu yawo ikhala m’makhoti, mosasamala kanthu za chotulukapo chomalizira. Kulinganiza mwamsanga kukapanga zotulukapo zofulumira kwa awo opanda zinenezo zotsimikizirika pamene akupatsa mpumulo wofulumira kwa awo okhala ndi zosoŵa zenizeni.

Kuika ndalama m'maofesi owonjezereka ndi oweruza oloŵa m'dziko kunaimira kuzindikira kuti mavuto a dongosololo anachokera ku zinthu zosakwanira.

Kulolerana ndi Njira Zothandiza

Ochirikiza lamulolo anagogomezera kuti lamulolo linaimira kulolerana kwachilendo pa nkhani imene yagawanitsa Aamereka kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Sen. James Lankford (R-Okla), amene anali wotsogolera pa lamulolo, ananena kuti anthu a ku Republic amene akukayikira lamulolo ayenera kuzindikira kuti lamulolo "likukhazikitsa nkhani zambiri za nthaŵi yaitali ndi kutsekereza zimene zakhalapo m’lamulo ndipo limatipatsa ulamuliro wamwadzidzidzi umene umaletsa chipwirikiti tsopano pamalire.

Ochirikiza anatsutsa kuti angwiro sayenera kukhala mdani wa zabwino . Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulolo silingakhutiritse zofuna za aliyense, linaimira kupita patsogolo kwatanthauzo pa nkhani yovuta. Njira ina yololera molakwa inali yopitirizabe kuwonjezereka ndi mikhalidwe yomanyonyotsoka pa malire.

Chitsutso ndi Kusuliza

Antchito Osuntha

Otsutsa a bungweli ananena kuti lamuloli silinapite patali kwambiri kuti liteteze malire ndi kuti likhale ndi malamulo ochititsa kuti pakhale mavuto.

Lamulo la Senate limagwirizanitsa Pulezidenti Biden ndi Mayorkas yemwe ndi Mlembi wa DHS will . Masitepewa sangachititse mavuto a malire okha komanso angachititse kuti kulimba kwa Pulezidenti wa mtsogolo aliyense woyang’anira ntchito kuthetsedwe. Kusuliza kumeneku kunasonyeza nkhaŵa yakuti lamulolo likatseka m'malamulo amene anthu osunga mwambo amawona kukhala oletsa mopereŵera.

Otsutsa analoza ku ziyambi za kusamuka kosakhala kwa lamulo monga umboni wakuti ndalamazo zinalandira mlingo waukulu wa kusamuka kosaloleka.

Ndi ndalama zoposa $7 biliyoni ya Department of Homeland Security, State, Justice, ndi Health and Human Services, Biden Administration ikaperekanso "zaukulu" ndi mabungwe osakhala a boma (NGO) omwe akhala akupitira kusamuka kwa anthu kosakhala kwa lamulo, akumagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma zoperekedwa ndi madipatimenti ameneŵa. Kutsutsa kumeneku kunasonyeza chitsutso cha boma cha ndalama za mabungwe amene anaona kukhala otheketsa kusamuka kosakhala kwa lamulo.

Nkhaŵa Zopita Patsogolo ndi Zothandiza Anthu

Komabe, lamulolo likaletsanso kwambiri kuyenera kwa munthu kufuna populumukirapo mwa kuthamangitsa anthu osamuka mofulumira m’njira imene ingawononge chitetezo ndi kuchititsa kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa. Otsutsa opita patsogolo ananena kuti lamulolo linapereka chitetezo chachikulu cha anthu polondola zolinga za kusungitsa.

Komabe, njira zake zabwino m'njira imeneyi zimatsutsidwa ndi "ulamuliro wachifundo" amene amabwereza zolakwa zochitidwa ndi a Trump ndi Biden auyang'aniro: kupanga chitetezo chocheperapo kwa osoŵa, pamene akulephera kutumiza uthenga womveka bwino kwa ofika mtsogolo. Otsutsa anada nkhaŵa kuti ulamuliro wangozi uimitsa bwino ufulu wopulumukira panthaŵi yeniyeni pamene kutetezedwa kunali kofunikira kwambiri.

Othaŵawo ofika pakati pa doko la anthu oloŵapo akanachotsedwapo pokhapo ngati "asonyeza" mantha a chizunzo kapena kuzunzidwa ngati abwezedwa. Lamulo laposachedwapa la boma la Biden limatulutsa anthu mofananamo pokhapokha ngati akumana ndi "manifest" yosiyana. Mwa njira imeneyi, pa zifukwa zambiri, kuyesaku kumalephera kudziŵa anthu amene ali ndi mantha enieni ponena za kubwerera. Kusuliza kumeneku kunagogomezera nkhaŵa zakuti njira zoyesera mwamsanga zingaphonye zotsimikizirika.

Ochirikiza ufulu wa anthu anatsutsanso kufutukuka kwa kuikidwa m’ndende.

Kuda Nkhaŵa

Mwakupanga malamulo aŵiri osiyana a malire kudalira ngati ulamuliro wangozi unali kugwira ntchito kapena ayi, popanda kulengeza ngati unali kugwira ntchito panthaŵi ina iliyonse . Lamulolo likawonjezera chisokonezo pa malire a U.S. Mexico. Oimira a Patrol , nzika za Thungwe ndi Immigger Services (USCIS) ndi akuluakulu a boma othaŵa kwawo angasiye osatsimikizirika pamaziko a tsiku ndi tsiku amene anali ogwirizana ndi malamulo.

Anthu ena ankada nkhawa kuti zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu azisokonezeka, asamagwirizane ndi malamulo komanso kuti alephere kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo.

Mavesi Otakata: Chifukwa Chake Kusintha Kopinga Kunatsimikizira Kuti Kusintha Kovuta Kwambiri

Malo Ofikira Kusamuka

Chiŵerengero cha anthu amene agwidwa ndi oimira Boust Patrol pa malire a United States / Mexico (_amene ambiri a iwo adzitembenukira okha mu mlingo wowonongeka wa / /) amene sanawonepo. Nyumba, malamulo, ndi malamulo alipo sizili zokwanira kukonza anthu, kupenda ngati akufuna chitetezo chodalirika ndiponso chosakondera, kapena kuwalola kudzichirikiza okha ku United States pamene akudikira kuti asankhe zochita pa nkhani zawo.

Njira yathu yosasinthika yosweka ikuthandizira mwachindunji kusamuka kwa m’mbiri kumene tikuwona m’Chigawo Chadziko cha Kumadzulo, yoipitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yoipa ya zachuma, masoka achilengedwe, ndi kusatetezereka kwachibadwa, ndipo nsonga imeneyi, yophatikizapo ndi chuma chopereŵera kuyendera limodzi, yachepetsanso mphamvu yathu pa malire. Chotulukapo nchakuti malo athu osungirako a United States Patrol nthaŵi zonse amakhala pangozi yowonjezereka, dongosolo lathu la kusungidwa la ndende lakhala lokhazikika, ndipo dongosolo lathu la opulumukirako limakhala loleredwabe ndipo silikhoza kupereka zosankha zapanthaŵi yake.

Kusamuka kwa anthu kunachititsa mavuto ambiri amene anathetsa dongosolo la zinthu ndi dongosolo la zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Pali anthu ambiri padziko lonse amene athawa kwawo masiku ano kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse chiyambire Nkhondo Yadziko II. Nkhani imeneyi ya padziko lonse inatanthauza kuti mavuto a m’malire a United States anali mbali ya mavuto a dziko lonse obwera chifukwa cha nkhondo, kusintha kwa nyengo, kusakhazikika kwa zachuma, ndi chizunzo cha ndale.

Zaka Zachikatikati za Kunyalanyaza ndi Kuipitsidwa

M’malo mogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokhalitsa, zogwira ntchito bwino ndiponso zogwirizana ndi boma, zimene zingathandize kuti dzikolo lithe kusintha mmene anthu ambiri amafunira chitetezo ku United States, kumene amachokera, ndiponso kuti anthu awo alipo.

Kusintha zinthu kotsatira mapangano 2024 kunachititsa kuti bungwe la Communion la anthu osamukira ku mayiko ena lisamachitepo kanthu. Kusintha komaliza kokhudza anthu osamukira m’dziko kunachitika mu 1986, ndipo kuyesayesa kotsatirapo mu 2007 ndi 2013 kunalephera ngakhale kuti panali chithandizo chachikulu cha bipartisan.

Kulephera kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo kupereka masinthidwe atanthauzo ndi ndalama zokwanira, ngakhale kuti akupempha mobwerezabwereza kuti achite zimenezo, ndilo chochititsa chachikulu cha vutoli. Oyang'anira Biden mobwerezabwereza anapempha zinthu zina ndi ulamuliro kuti athetse mavuto a m'malire, koma magaŵano analetsa kuchitapo kachitidwe ka mgwirizano kufikira pa kukambitsirana 2024.

Ndale za M’dziko Ndiponso Kusudzulana

Kusamuka kuli nkhaŵa yaikulu kwa ovota osasintha apamwamba kuposa masankho a pulezidenti 2024 amene adzagamulapo kulamulira White House ndi Congress.

Nthaŵi ya lamulo yokakamiza . Pansi pa chaka cha chisankho cha pulezidenti . Al Jazeera's Fisher ananena kuti anthu ena a Republica sanafune kuvotera chifukwa chakuti akapatsa Biden chipambano cha bipartis m'chisankho. Kuvomereza kosabisa kumeneku kuti mfundo zosankhidwa za malamulo olakwika zinasonyeza mmene kusamuka kwakhala kwamphamvu m'ndale za chigamulo cha chigamulo cha chivolikani.

Pulezidenti wakale Trump, wosankhidwa wamkulu wa Republica wa pulezidenti, amatsutsanso lamulolo ndi kulimbikitsa ma coronational Republica kuti asapereke lamulolo. "Ili ndi mphatso kwa Democrates, ndipo, mtundu umenewu, ndilo kusintha kwa malire oipitsitsa m'mbiri pa mapeŵa a Republicans. Ndi zimenedi iwo akufuna. Iwo amafuna zimenezi kaamba ka chisankho cha pulezidenti, chotero tsopano angaimbe mlandu a Republica kaamba ka malire oipitsitsa m'mbiri.

Chiyambukiro pa Anthu ndi Otenga Malire

Midzi Yomalire

Anthu a m'malire a dziko la Mexico ndi Mexico anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri opatsirana posamuka ndipo angayambukiridwe kwambiri ndi kusintha kulikonse. Mmalomwake, anthu a m'mphepete mwa malire ndi mkati mwa United States akakamizidwa kupezeramo anthu ambiri atsopano, popanda kugwirizana ndi boma.

Malo a m’malire anali osoŵa zinthu, osoŵa thandizo, opanikizidwa ndi mayanjano, ndi mavuto a ndale zadziko pamene anali kuyang’anira zenizeni za kusamuka pamene andale zadziko anatsutsana.

Mizinda ndi Maboma

Chiyambukiro cha kusamuka chinafalikira kutali ndi malire pamene osamukira kumaiko ena anatengedwa kapena kutumizidwa ku mizinda kudutsa dzikolo. Greg Abbott akupempha ulamuliro wake watumiza osamukira ku mizinda yoposa 100,000 monga Los Angeles, Denver ndi New York. Kuthetsa kwadala kumeneku kochitidwa ndi olamulira amalire a dziko kunayambitsa mavuto kwa mizinda yosakonzekera kulandira ziŵerengero zazikulu za osamukira ku maiko ena.

Olamulira a democratic Meya ndi akazembe a m'mabwalo a kachisi anadzipeza iwo eni atagwidwa pakati pa mapangano awo otchulidwawo ku malamulo aubwenzi ndi zitokoso zothandiza za kupereka mautumiki kwa zikwi za ofika chatsopano. Kulimbana kumeneku kunathandizira kuchilikiza Democratic kuwongolera malire kumene anthu ambiri opita patsogolo anawona kukhala koletsa kwambiri.

Osamuka ndi Ofunafuna Aasylum

Kwa osamuka ndi ofunafuna kopulumukira, kusintha kolingaliridwa kukakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. awo okhala ndi zinsinsi zenizeni za chitetezo angapindule ndi kukonza mwamsanga ndi kukonza nkhani zawo. Komabe, ziletso za kupeza kopulumukira ndi ulamuliro wothamangitsidwa mwangozi zinadzutsa nkhaŵa yaikulu yakuti kaya anthu osavuta angalandire zinenezo zawo mosakondera.

Kukayikira kochititsidwa ndi lamulo lolephera kunasiya osamukawo ali ndi vuto la kusuta, akumakayikira kuti ndi malamulo otani amene akalamulira nkhani zawo ndi kuti kaya adzakhala ndi mwaŵi wapadera wofuna chitetezo.Makonzedwe olola akapereka chichirikizo chofunika kwambiri kwa awo amene akuyembekezera chigamulo cha mlandu, kuwalola kudzichirikiza iwo eni ndi kuthandizira m’zachuma mmalo mwa kudalira pa chithandizo cha anthu.

Njira Zina Zochitira Zinthu ndi Kuyang’ana Malo

Kufikira kwa Nyumba ya Republican

House Speaker Johnson waitana Bungwe la Democratic Senate Direcratic System kuvomereza lamulo loperekedwa ku Nyumba mu May limene likathetsa mokhutiritsa kuthaŵira kumalire. Dokota la House Republican, lophatikizidwa mu H.R. 2, linatenga kaimidwe koletsa kwambiri kuposa kulolera molakwa kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo, kukhazikitsa lamulo loyambirira pa kusamalira anthu.

Msonkhano wa nyumbayo unali ndi makonzedwe a kumanga makoma aakulu amalire, malire okhwima pa kusungitsa malo opulumukira, ndi njira zowonjezereka zosungitsira.

Njira Zina Zopita Patsogolo

Ochirikiza zowonjezereka anatsutsa njira zimene zinaika patsogolo chitetezo cha anthu, njira zowonjezereka za lamulo zoloŵera m'dziko, ndi kufotokoza zochititsa zosamuka ndi chithandizo cha kumaiko ena. Anagogomezera kuti njira zosungitsa ntchito zalephera kwa zaka makumi ambiri ndi kuti njira zodalirika zothetsera zimene zimafuna kuti anthu asamuke.

Malingaliro opita patsogolo anali opita patsogolo kwambiri, monga njira zopezera unzika wa anthu osamukira ku United States omwe sanalembedwe kale pa mlanduwo, kuchuluka kwa anthu othaŵa kwawo, ndi kusintha zinthu kuti anthu osamukira m’dziko azitha kusamukira m’dziko mwalamulo.

Ntchito Yaukulu

Poyang'anizana ndi kulephera kwa bungwe, akuluakulu a Biden pomalizira pake anachita ntchito yauyang’aniro. Mu May 2024, pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo inalingaliranso chigamulo cha malamulo a bipartis, Nyumba ya Malamulo inalephera kupititsa patsogolo mlingowo. Pambuyo pa kulephera kumeneku, Pulezidenti Biden anatulutsa chilengezo chogwiritsira ntchito ziletso zamalire kupyolera mwa ulamuliro wa akuluakulu.

Mu October 2023, ndinapempha $13.6 biliyoni kuti asungitse malire ndi kuyendetsa ulendo. Pempho limeneli linaphatikizapo ndalama zoposa $5 biliyoni kuti DHS ayang’anire mikhalidwe ya kummwera, komanso ndalama zothandizira kuwonjezera mphamvu za kuchuluka kwa ku malire a kummwera. Nyumba ya Malamulo inalepheranso kupereka malire athu ndi dongosolo la anthu osamukira ku dziko ndi zinthu zimene zimafunikira kuti zipereke zotulukapo za panthaŵi yake kwa awo amene akudutsa mosemphana ndi lamulo.

Komabe, maulamuliro a boma anayang’anizana ndi zitokoso za lamulo ndipo analibe malamulo ndi chuma zimene zikanaperekedwa. Opanga malamulo ambiri a Republican anatsutsa Biden tsopano kukhala ndi ulamuliro wa kutseka malire ndipo lamulo latsopano lirilonse liyenera kuyembekezera kufikira pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2024. Chigomeko chimenechi chinasonyeza kusagwirizana ponena za ukulu wa ulamuliro ndi kaya Prezidenti angapereke malamulo ofunidwa popanda kuchitapo chigwirizano.

Kufuna Kupeza Zinthu Zovuta Zokhudza Mtsogolo mwa Lamulo la Kusamuka kwa United States

Zimene Zimachitika Pachiyambi ndi Kutsatira Mfundo Zomwe Zikutsatira

Ngakhale kuti zoyesayesa 2024 za kukonzanso zinalephera, kukambitsiranako kunakhazikitsa zitsanzo zofunika za kukambitsirana kwa m’tsogolo kwa malamulo a za kusamukira m’dziko.

Mosasamala kanthu za mtsogolo mwake, Boust Act imadziŵikitsa mbali zambiri zofunika kulembedwa, monga ngati kukonza mwamsanga mapepala otetezera owonjezereka, kuwonjezera chitetezo chalamulo kwa osamukira ena osoŵa chitetezo, ndi kufunika kwakukulu kwa kuyang’anira kowonjezereka kwa mavuto amene alipo tsopano kummwera kwathu. Kuyesayesa kwa mtsogolo kudzamanga pa dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa mu 2024, ngakhale ngati makonzedwe akuti asintha.

Kupeza Zinthu Zofunika Patsogolo

Koma ngati tipatsidwa ziwongolerozo, kugwira bwino ntchito sikuyenera kufuna kudula mipambo pa kachitidwe koyenera kapena kuvomereza malamulo oletsa mopambanitsa pa malire.

Kusintha anthu oloŵa m’dziko kuti azitha kusamuka kuyenera kukhala ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana: kusungabe chitetezo chamalire ndi ulamuliro wa dziko, kukwaniritsa ntchito zachifundo za anthu zapanyumba ndi padziko lonse pansi pa lamulo la dziko lonse, kuchirikiza kupita patsogolo kwa chuma mwa kusamutsidwa mwalamulo, ndi kuchitira anthu onse ulemu ndi ulemu. Vuto la kupeza kulinganiza kumeneku likufotokoza chifukwa chake kusintha kwakukulu kwakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Maphunziro pa Zoyesayesa Zolephera 2024

Kulephera kwa lamulo la 2024 losintha malire kumapereka maphunziro angapo ofunika kwambiri pa zoyesayesa za m’tsogolo. Choyamba, kulolera kusamuka kwa anthu n’kotheka koma kukufuna kuti andale akonze njira zothetsera ndale. Kukambirana koyamba kunasonyeza kuti opanga malamulo ochokera m’zipani zosiyanasiyana angapeze chifukwa chimodzi poganizira kwambiri za njira zothetsera mavuto.

Chachiwiri, kuyesa kusintha zinthu kwambiri pa chaka cha masankho a pulezidenti, pamene anthu akusamuka m’dzikolo ndi nkhani yaikulu, kumachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto andale osagonjetseka. Zoyesayesa za m’tsogolo zingakhale ndi ziyembekezo zabwinopo m’zaka zopanda chisankho pamene zitsenderezo za ndale zadziko zachepetsedwa.

Chachitatu, utsogoleri wa pulezidenti wa mbali zonse ziŵiri n’ngofunika kwambiri. Pamene wolowa ufumu wa pulezidenti akutsutsa mwamphamvu malamulo olankhulidwa ndi anthu a pa chipani chake, monga momwe Trump anachitira mu 2024, kumakhala kosatheka kusungitsa chichirikizo cha chipani chololera. Kusintha kwa mtsogolo kudzafuna kuti anthu opita ku pulezidenti achirikize mmalo mwa kupeputsa kukambitsirana kwa mapangano.

Chachinayi, angwiro sangakhale mdani wa abwino. Osuliza onse aŵiri opita patsogolo ndi osasintha anatsutsa kulolera kwa 2024, akumatsutsa kuvomereza mopambanitsa kumbali ina. Komabe, njira ina yololera kupanda ungwiro inatsimikizira kukhala yopitirizabe ndi mikhalidwe yomanyonyotsoka. Zoyesayesa zamtsogolo ziyenera kuzindikira kuti kulolera molakwa kumaphatikizapo kulandira makonzedwe sikungasankhe m’dziko labwino.

Njira Ikupita Patsogolo

Iye ananena kuti kuthekera kwa kupeza chitetezo cha m'malire chaka chino ndiko "kuchepa kwa mlingo wapamwamba" "panopo, palibe amene akuwonekadi kukhala akufuna kukambitsirana mwamphamvu," iye anatero. Kufufuza kopanda chiyembekezo kumeneku kwa Senator Lankford, mmodzi wa akatswiri otsogolera, kunasonyeza kugwiritsidwa mwala kwakukulu kochititsidwa ndi awo amene anapatula miyezi kukonza kulolera molakwa kokha kuwona kuti sikukanidwa kaamba ka zifukwa za ndale zadziko.

Komabe, mavuto amene anapangitsa kuti pakhale kukonzanso 2024 sanathe. Kusintha malo kukupitiriza, anthu a m’malire akulimbanabe ndi chuma chochepa, njira yopulumukira idakali yomangika, ndipo dongosolo la anthu osamukira ku America limalephera kutumikira bwino anthu a ku America kapena makhalidwe a anthu. Mavuto opitirizabe ameneŵa adzapitirizabe kufuna kuti anthu agwirizanebe ngakhale kuti angoganizira za ndale za kanthaŵi kochepa.

Malamulo oyendetsedwa ndi boma a kayendetsedwe ka malo otetezera, nyumba zoloŵera, kapena anthu ena monga Afghanistan, angakope anthu owonjezera kuposa ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ya ofera.

Kapena, maulamuliro otsatirawa . "akhoza kupangidwa pambuyo pa masankho 2024 kapena mtsogolo . angalondole kusintha anthu oloŵa m'dziko kukhala chinthu choyamba kuchiyambi kwa nyengo yake, pamene zitsenderezo za ndale zadziko ndi zosankha ziri zotsika. Mbiri yakale imasonyeza kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo kumachitidwa m'chaka choyamba kapena ziŵiri za dongosolo latsopano.

Kuyerekezera Kwa Mayiko ndi Khalidwe Labwino Kwambiri

Mayiko padziko lonse agwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana poyang’anira malire ndi pothaŵira, pophunzitsa anthu opanga malamulo a ku United States maphunziro.

Canada yayambitsa njira yosinthira ya makhoti imene imaika patsogolo zopereka zachuma ndi kusunga chitetezo chachikulu. Australia yayamba njira yopitira kugombe kwa ofunafuna kopulumukira ofika pa bwato, ngakhale kuti njira imeneyi yachititsa nkhaŵa zazikulu za ufulu wa anthu. Maiko a ku Ulaya ayesa ndi makonzedwe ochirikiza kugaŵira ofunafuna kopulumukira m'maiko ambiri, ngakhale kuti zoyesayesa zimenezi zayang'anizana ndi chitsutso cha ndale zadziko.

Maiko ena achepetsa kusamuka kosakhala kwachikatikati mwa kufutukula njira zalamulo ndi kuyang’anira zochititsa zazikulu mwa chithandizo cha kutukuka ndi pangano launyinji la boma.

Madongosolo opambana kwambiri a kusamuka amagwirizana ndi mikhalidwe ingapo: njira zomveka ndi zogwira ntchito za magulu osiyanasiyana a osamuka, zipangizo zokwanira zopangira ndi kutsata, njira zogwira ntchito zothandizira atsopano, ndi kugwirizana kwa ndale zadziko kochirikiza mbali zonse. United States yayesayesa kukwaniritsa mbali zimenezi panthaŵi imodzi, kuthandizira kugwedezeka kopitirizabe.

Kulingalira za Chuma

Malamulo oletsa kusuta amakhudza kwambiri chuma amene kaŵirikaŵiri salandira chisamaliro chokwanira m’mikangano ya ndale zadziko yosumikidwa kwakukulukulu pa chisungiko ndi nkhaŵa za anthu. United States imayang’anizana ndi kupereŵera kwa ntchito m’mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa zaulimi ndi zaumoyo kufikira pa tekinoloji, kuti kusamuka kungathandize kukambitsirana.

Osamuka amathandiza kwambiri kutukuka kwa chuma mwa malonda, kukonzanso zinthu zatsopano, kulipira msonkho, ndi kugula zinthu. Amathandizanso kuthetsa mavuto a chiŵerengero cha anthu pamene zaka za anthu a kudzikolo zikutsika ndi chiŵerengero cha ana obadwa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa anthu osamukira kumayiko ena kungasokoneze chuma cha m’dzikolo ndi misika ya antchito, makamaka m’madera opanda dongosolo lokwanira la kuchirikiza.

2024 zikalata zokonza zinthu zinaphatikizapo zilolezo za antchito kwa ofunafuna kopulumukira, pozindikira kuti kulola osamuka kugwira ntchito mwalamulo kupindulitsa anthu onse aŵiriwo ndi chuma chokulirapo. Pamene osamukawo atha kugwira ntchito mwalamulo, amakhoma misonkho, amadzichirikiza okha popanda thandizo la boma, ndi kuthandizira maluso awo ndi ntchito zopindulitsa.

Kuwonjezeka kwa njira zolowera ku boma kudzera m’malo owonjezera kungathandize kuchepetsa zisonkhezero zosonkhezera anthu kuti asamuke mophwanya lamulo.

Kupitikiza Kwabwino kwa Anthu ndi Kulimbana

Kuphatikiza pa nkhani za ndale ndi zachuma, lamulo la anthu osamukira ku mayiko ena limadzutsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri okhudza ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi udindo wothandiza anthu.

Msonkhano wa Othaŵa Kwawo wa 1951 ndi Protocol yake ya 1967, kumene United States iri chipani, imakhazikitsa lamulo la kusamutsidwa [1] chiletso cha kubwerera ku maiko kumene amayang'anizana ndi ziwopsezo za moyo kapena ufulu. Act Othaŵa kwawo ya 1980 inaphatikiza mathayo a mitundu yonse ameneŵa m'lamulo la U.S., kuyambitsa dongosolo la pothaŵira limene masinthidwe 2024 anafuna kusintha.

Otsutsa mayeso 2024 anatsutsa kuti kuthamangitsidwa kwamwadzidzidzi ndi ziletso zina zidzaswa mathayo a kuthandiza anthu ameneŵa mwa kukana chitetezo kwa anthu okhala ndi zikalata zonena za kopulumukira. Ochirikiza anatsutsa kuti kusinthako kunasungitsa njira zopezera kopulumukira pa madoko oloŵera ndi kuphatikizapo njira zopimira kuti adziŵe awo okhala ndi zitetezero, motero kukwaniritsa mathayo a anthu pamene akusamalira malire.

Malipoti a kulekana kwa mabanja, kusalandira chithandizo cha mankhwala, kutsekeredwa m’ndende kosalongosoka, ndi kuswa malamulo a boma a boma achititsa kuti mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu ndi mabungwe a mayiko aimbidwe mlandu. Mayeso a 2024wo anaphatikizapo makonzedwe ena ofunira kuwongolera mikhalidwe ndi uyang’aniro, koma otsutsa anatsutsa kuti zimenezi zinali zosakwanira.

Ana opanda wowasamalira kwambiri. Lamulo la 2024 linaphatikizapo makonzedwe a maloya a ana ovomerezedwa ndi boma a zaka zapakati pa 14, pozindikira kuti ana sangakhoze kusamuka kovuta popanda chithandizo chalamulo. Komabe, lamulo limeneli linabutsa mkangano, ndipo otsutsa anatsutsa anapangitsa kuti anthu a ku United States asakhale ndi phindu loyenera.

Luso la Umisiri ndi Kusintha m’Kuyang’anira Mpanda

Mabungwe a zachitetezo a 2024 anagogomezera njira zamakono zothetsera mavuto a zachitetezo, ndipo anazindikira kuti malire a 21 a chigawo chapakati amafunikira zida zamakono. Makompyuta otsogola, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za zinthu zachilengedwe, luntha lopangira kuti aone ngati pali vuto, ndiponso kuwonjezera luso la kugawana ndi mabungwe amene akusintha zinthu.

Zipangizo zamakono zimapereka mapindu othekera kuposa njira zamwambo zopitira. Madongosolo a Surveillance angayang'anitsitse bwino madera aakulu a malire kuposa oyendera zinthu zakuthupi. Madongosolo a zinthu angatsimikizire mwamsanga kuti pali umboni ndi kuzindikira chinyengo. Njira zodziŵira zinthu zingadziŵitse njira ndi ngozi zimene akuluakulu a anthu angaphonye. Komabe, luso la zopangapanga limadzutsa nkhaŵa zachinsinsi ndipo silingaloŵe mmalo mwa chiweruzo cha munthu m’zochitika zovuta zofunikira nzeru ndi chifundo.

Maluso otsogola otulukira mankhwalawa anathandiza kwambiri pa vuto lina lokhudza chitetezo cha m'malire. Pentanyl ndi mankhwala ena opanga awononga anthu a ku America, ndipo mankhwala ambiri oletsedwa amalowa m'madoko obisika m’magalimoto ndi katundu. Umisiri wapamwamba woyendera zinthu umene ungafufuze mwamsanga popanda kuchedwetsa ukhoza kuwongolera kwambiri kuchepetsa malonda ndi maulendo alamulo.

Komabe, luso la zopangapanga limagwira ntchito ngati madongosolo ndi antchito akugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira anthu ovutika, popanda maphunziro oyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito, ndiponso kugwirizanitsa njira zothandizira anthu kuwonjezera ntchito, kulephera kubweretsa mapindu oyembekezeredwa.

Boma ndi Malo a Kusamuka

Ngakhale kuti lamulo la kusamuka ndilo thayo la boma, boma ndi maboma a m’dzikolo amachita mbali yaikulu m’kukwaniritsa ndi kusungitsa. Mikangano 2024 inagogomezera kusagwirizana pakati pa malamulo a boma ndi zochita za boma, makamaka ponena za malamulo a malo opatulika ndi zoyesayesa za boma zosungitsa lamulo.

Malamulo audongo, amene amachepetsa kugwirizana kwa boma ndi lamulo la boma loletsa kusamukira m’dzikolo, awonjezeka m’mizinda ndi m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ochirikiza akugwirizana ndi malamulo ameneŵa amalimbikitsa anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a m’dzikolo, kupangitsa madera kukhala otetezeka mwa kulimbikitsa anthu kupereka lipoti la upandu ndi kugwirizana. Otsutsa atsutsa kuti malamulo a malo opatulika akulepheretsa kusungitsa boma ndi kuteteza kuti anthu olakwawo asathamangidwe.

Mayeso 2024 a ndalama zimene otsutsa anatsutsa kuti zidzayendera ku madera opatulika, kuyambitsa chitsutso kwa awo amene amakhulupirira kuti ulamuliro wotero suyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi ndalama zoperekedwa ndi boma zoloŵera m'dziko. Nkhani imeneyi ikusonyeza kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa boma ndi kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa ulamuliro wa boma ndi ufulu wa boma pankhani za kusamukira ku dziko.

Mayiko ena achitapo zinthu mwankhanza, kuphatikizapo kutumiza asilikali a National Ageard kumalire, kukonza zopinga zopinga boma, ndi kusamutsira anthu osamukira ku mayiko ena. Maboma ameneŵa achititsa zitokoso za lamulo ndi mikangano ya ndale zadziko, kudzutsa mafunso ponena za malire a ulamuliro wa boma m'mbali ya thayo la boma.

Malamulo othandiza anthu osamukira m’dziko amafunika kugwirizana pakati pa boma, boma, ndi maboma a m’dzikolo. Maboma 2024 anaphatikizapo kupereka ndalama zothandizira anthu osamukira m’mayiko ena ndi maboma a m’madera ena, pozindikira kuti mayikowa ali ndi mavuto aakulu oyenderana ndi kusamuka. Komabe, magaŵano andale achititsa kuti kuyenderana kumeneku kukhale kovuta.

Kumaliza: Chitokoso Chomapitirizabe cha Kusintha Kosasintha

2024 za kukonzanso malamulo a malire zinayesa kwambiri kuthetsa chimodzi cha zitokoso zosalekeza ndi zogaŵanitsa za ku America. Ngakhale kuti pakhala miyezi yambiri ya kukambirana za bipartishani ndi ndandanda yatsatanetsatane yokhudza mbali zambiri za chitetezo cha m'malire ndi kuyendetsa ntchito za kusamuka, zolingalirazo zinalephera chifukwa cha kukambitsirana kwa ndale zadziko kumene kunathetsa makambitsirano apamwamba a za ndale.

Kulephera kwa kusintha kumeneku sikumachepetsa mavuto amene anayesa kuthetsa. Kusamuka, njira zogwiritsa ntchito, malo aakulu osungirako milandu, anthu ovutika m’malire, ndi njira yosamukira kumadera ovuta, zonsezo zikutha. Mavutowa adzapitirizabe kufuna kuti anthu agwirizane ndi kuchitapo kanthu ngakhale kuti angochitika kanthaŵi kochepa.

Chokumana nacho cha 2024 chimapereka maphunziro ofunika kwambiri a zoyesayesa za kusintha mtsogolo. Kulolera kumbuyoku nkotheka koma kumafunikira chifuno cha ndale zadziko kukhazikitsa malamulo a ndale zadziko. Nkhani za nthaŵi ya kukonza, ndi zaka za masankho zopereka malo ovuta kwambiri a malamulo otsutsana. Utsogoleri wa pulezidenti wa mbali zonse ziŵiri n’ngofunika, popeza kuti otsutsa a pulezidenti angawononge ngakhale kulolera molakwa. Ndipo angwiro sangakhale mdani wa zabwino [1] Com Relicracy akuphatikizapo kulandira makonzedwe omwe sangafune kukhala okha.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, kusintha kwa kusamuka kungakhale kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa 2024 phukusi lathunthu. Njira zothetsera nkhani zachindunji zingatsimikizire kukhala zopindulitsa kwambiri m'zandale kuposa lamulo la omnibus. Kapena, boma latsopano lingayambitse kusintha kwa anthu osamukira m'dziko panthaŵi imene limakhala likulu la ndale zadziko. Zochita zauyang'aniro zidzapitirizabe kuchita mbali yake, ngakhale kuti iwo alibe zokhalitsa ndi chuma zimene malamulo amapereka.

Pomalizira pake, kusintha kokhazikika kwa anthu oloŵa m’dziko kuyenera kulinganiza zolinga zambiri: kusunga chitetezo chamalire ndi ulamuliro wa dziko, kukwaniritsa mathayo a kuthandiza anthu, kuchirikiza kutukuka kwa chuma, ndi kuchitira anthu onse ulemu. Kukwaniritsa zimenezi kumafuna kuwonjezera pa kulankhulana kwa anthu kuti achite mwamphamvu ndi zinthu zovuta za kusamuka kwa 21st. Zoyesayesa za kukonzanso, ngakhale kuti zinalephera, zinasonyeza kuti kulonjezana koteroko nkotheka. Ngati zoyesayesa za mtsogolo zidzapambana kumene 2024 zidzalephera kuonekabe, koma kufunikira kwa kusintha kukuwonjezereka chaka chilichonse.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka pa malamulo a kusamuka ndi chisungiko cha malire a United States, chezerani [[FLT:] Desikishoni ya Homeland , U.S. Thungwe . . . . Thumbrication Service Officereation Service [, [[FLT:]], Immogn .S . .CPUTYP , [[FLT:] , ndi kufufuza nkhani za Courageation Reconvect [FLT:]