Kuchirikiza Ulamuliro: Mmene Malamulo Okakamiza Amayendera

Malamulo opanda lamulo ali chabe mawu ofunira. Mphamvu yeniyeni ya lamulo imaonekera kokha pamene itembenuzidwa kukhala ntchito zotsimikizirika, miyezo, ndi chilango . Choonadi chimene chimagwera pamapewa a mabungwe a boma. Mabungwe apadera ameneŵa amatsekera mpata pakati pa cholinga chachikulu cha bungwe lokhazikitsa malamulo ndi khalidwe la tsiku la anthu, makampani, ndi mabungwe. Iwo ali maluso amene amayendetsa malamulo a anthu kuchokera ku mpweya woyera ndi chakudya chotetezeka ku misika ya zachuma ndi ntchito zabwino zaukapolo. Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe, ntchito, ndi mavuto a mabungwe ameneŵa nkofunika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuzindikira mmene ulamuliro wamakono umagwira.

United States iri ndi mabungwe oposa 400 a boma, kuyambira ku bungwe lalikulu la Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mpaka ku bungwe la Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) losadziŵa bwino lomwe. Onse pamodzi amapereka masamba zikwi zambiri a malamulo pachaka ndi kuyang'anira mabiliyoni a madola pantchito ya zachuma. Kufikira kwawo ku mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku: miyezo ya madzi yoikidwa ndi EPA, mankhwala ovomerezedwa ndi Food ndi Drug Administration (DA), kutetezedwa kwa galimoto kuchitidwa ndi National Highway Traffage Ad Administration (NTHA). Komabe ngakhale kuti ndi kufunika kwake kwakukulu, anthu ambiri akudziŵa bwino mmene mabungwewa amagwirira ntchito, mphamvu zimene amagwiritsira ntchito, ndi zimene amayang'anira.

Magwero ndi Mitundu ya Malamulo

Mabungwe oyendetsa zinthu angoyamba kumene. Bungwe loyamba loyang’anira makampani ku United States linali bungwe la Interstant Commerce Act (ICC) lomwe linapangidwa mu 1887 kuti liyang'anire mlingo wa njanji ndi zochita zake pochitapo kanthu pa nkhanza yofala. Chitsanzochi chinatsimikizira kukhala chokhudza, ndipo m'zaka za zana la 20 Commissions inakhazikitsa mabungwe ambiri kuti athetse mavuto a maindasitale ndi a chikhalidwe. FDA imalemba mizu yake ya ku Khirisiti ya dete ndi Drugas Act Act, ngakhale kuti mphamvu yake yamakono yofuna kuti ayambe kuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kukafika mu 1938. Mabungwe a Sacuries ndi Expont (AC) adakhazikitsidwa mu 1934 pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa chuma cha 1929. EPA inapangidwa ndi dongosolo lamakono la zamalonda oteteza ndi ku Occuault Advement (1971) mu 1934)

Odziimira okha.

Mabungwe apadera a boma apadera alipo kusiyana pakati pa mabungwe odziimira okha ndi mabungwe a nthambi. Mabungwe apadera monga Secondations Commission , Federal Commission (FCC), ndi Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ndi Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ndi cholinga chomangiridwira kutetezedwa ku ulamuliro wa pulezidenti. OSqua amatumikira, mabungwe a bungwe la EPA ndi OSH amatumikira motsimikiza, ndipo satha kuchotsedwa ndi pulezidenti ya nthambi. OSH ndi mbali ya bungwe la OSH kuthandizira a za ndale.

Malo Okongoletsa Amakono

Lerolino, kakonzedwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe kasintha kwambiri kuposa zitsanzo zimenezi. Bungwe la Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa mavuto a zachuma a 2008, ndi bungwe lodziimira lomwe limakhala m'gulu la Federal Reserve koma likuchirikizidwa kunja kwa bungwe la communion audiation , kachipangizo kapadera kamene kayambitsa mikangano yalamulo ndi ya ndale zadziko. Mabungwe a zachuma Otetezera Olamulira Olamulira (FFPC), opangidwa ndi Dodd-Frank Act, kudutsa m'bungwe la zachuma kuti athe kuthanetsere ngozi. Pa chigawo chonse, boma lili ndi makampani ake a zalamulo, inshuwalansirensi, ndi mabungwe a za chilengedwe, amene ambiri amathandizira ulamuliro wa boma kapena mgwirizano. Dongo limeneli likutanthauza kuti mapangano ayendere ayendetse mfundo za boma a boma aundane kuchokera ku boma, ndi kuchuluka kwa makampani aungwe, ndi kusintha kwa .

Ntchito: Kusiya Kulamulira Kufikira Pakukakamiza

Mabungwe oyang’anira achita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zogwirizana zimene zimatsimikizira kuti malamulo ayendetsedwe. Ntchito zimenezi zimalamulidwa ndi Administrative Procedure Act (APA) ya 1946, yomwe imakhazikitsa maziko a mmene mabungwe amapangira malamulo, kuchita zinthu zoonetsetsa kuti malamulo ayende bwino, ndi kupereka njira zoyendetsera magulu otsatira malamulo.

Kulamulira: Kutembenuzira Chilamulo m’Ziyeneretso Zachindunji

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya bungwe lililonse ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo. Pamene Nyumba ya Malamulo ipereka lamulo monga Ceac Air Act, imakhala ndi chinenero chofala kulangiza EPA "kuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi malo otetezeka oyenerera. Koma kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ndi EPA imene iyenera kukhazikitsa miyezo ya manambala ya zinthu monga ozone, zinthu zogaŵanitsa, kapena kutsogolera. Kupanga malamulo kumeneku kumachitidwa moyenerera kwambiri pansi pa APA. AACUTS iyenera kufalitsa lamulo lolingaliridwa mu Federal Register, kupempha ndemanga yapo kwa nthaŵi yotchulidwa (mwambo 30 mpaka 60 masiku), kubwerera ndi kuyankha ndemangazo, ndiyeno kuyankha lamulo lomaliza ndi mawu a maziko ndi cholinga. Lamuloli limakhala logwirizana pa lamulo logwirizana pa malamulo a Federal Regation.

Njira imeneyi ndi nyonga ndi kufooka. Mphamvu zake zimaphatikizapo kuonekera bwino, kutenga mbali, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu. Munthu aliyense wokondwerera . "kulekana, gulu la malo okhala, nzika yaiwoyayo . Amafuna kuti alingalire ndemangazo ndipo angatsutsidwe ngati anyalanyaza mfundo zachidule. Zofookazo zimaphatikizapo madeti a nthaŵi (malamulo apamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri amatenga zaka zambiri kuti athetse), kulephera kutsutsa (magulu ozembera malamulo m’khoti), ndi kulemera kwa malamulo ofotokoza bwino zachuma. Pansi pa malamulo aakulu oyendera zinthu za Prezidenti Breaugna Breagean, malamulo aakulu ambiri tsopano amafunikira kupenda kochitidwa ndi Ofesi ya Chidziŵitso ndi Chitete (ORA) m'nyumba ya Whitein.

Kufufuza ndi Kufufuza: Kuthandiza

Malamulo atakhalapo, mabungwe ayenera kuyang'anira ngati anthu oyang'anira akutsatira makampani. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kufufuza, kufufuza, ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu. Apolisi oyendetsa ntchito a OSHA amayang'anira malo antchito popanda kuuzidwa; Oyang'anira malo opangira zinthu za mankhwala kuti aone ngati pali malamulo a kukonza zinthu zopanga ndi malo okonzera chakudya. M'nkhani zambiri, mabungwe amadaliranso kulengeza zinthu zoyendetsera zinthu zoyendetsera. Mwachitsanzo, makampani ogulitsa malonda ayenera kukonza malipoti a ndalama ndi SEC, ndipo malipotiwo amayendera kuti avomereze malamulo oŵerengera ndi oulutsa zinthu. Owonjezereka, mabungwe agwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi awo oyendera zinthu zoperewera. SEC kuyang'anira zinthu zapamwamba. Pologalamu ya kuyang'anira, potengera, kusungitsa, kugulitsa maalamu, kugulitsa, kapena kugulitsa zinthu.

Kukakamiza: Kupereka Udindo, Malamulo, ndi Kupinga

Pamene kuswa malamulo kwapezedwa, mabungwe ali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zosungitsa. Zimenezi ziyamba ndi njira zamwamwaŵi zonga ngati kuchenjeza makalata kapena machenjezo a kusagwirizana. Pamene kuswa malamulo kwakukulu kapena kosalekeza kuchitika, mabungwe angapereke malamulo a boma (m’chitsanzo, kutha ndi kulephera ndi kutsatsa malonda a FTC) kapena kufunafuna chilango chachiŵembu. SEC ingapereke ndalama ndi kuchotsa zipambano zopitira; EPA ingaonetse zilango za kuswa miyezo ya kuyendetsa; OSHATA ndi faindi ndi faindi ya kutetezera ntchito. M'nkhani zachiwonetsero, mabungwe angapereke nkhani za boma za Chiweruzo kwa oweruza milandu. Flavi, chitsanzo, zingalondole milandu yotsutsana ndi amalonda amene akudziŵa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. OSHG.

Mbali yowopsya ya kusungitsa iri njira yoyenerera. Mabungwe olamulidwa ali ndi kuyenera kwa kuweruza kwauyang'aniro pamaso pa woweruza walamulo (ALJ) mkati mwa bungwelo, ndipo pambuyo pake angapereke apilo ku makhoti a boma. Mabungwe ameneŵa amapereka mayeso a bungwe lozemba pamene akutsimikizira kuti lamulo lichitidwa m'malamulo. Komabe, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha ntchito za kusungitsa lamulo. "zikwizikwi makumi atatu pachaka kupyola magulu onse a mabungwe."

Maphunziro ndi Chitsogozo: Kuthandiza Kuthandiza Kuthandiza Kuthandiza

Lamulo logwira mtima limadalira osati pa chilango komanso pa maphunziro. Makalata otsogolera, malingaliro ogwirizana, zitsogozo, ndi kufunsa mafunso kaŵirikaŵiri kuthandiza mabungwe otsogolera kuzindikira mathayo awo. FDA imafalitsa laibulale yaikulu ya zikalata zotsogolera zophimba kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala, kutetezeka kwa chakudya, ndi ziwiya zamagetsi. Matanthauzo a SEC's Compliance ndi Dissorence amamveketsa bwino mmene malamulo otsimikizirika amagwirira ntchito. OSA amaperekera zipangizo zophunzitsira ndi maprogramu ofunsira kwaulere kwa mabizinesi aang'ono. Ntchito imeneyi imachepetsa kuthekera kwa kusadziŵa kuswa ndi kugonjera kwaufulu, kumene kuli kogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa kuvomereza.

Chifukwa Chake Mfundo Zokhudza Anthu Ofuna Kuwalamulira Zili Zofunika: Kuteteza Chitukuko cha Anthu

Kufunika kwa mabungwe oyendetsa zinthu kumaoneka bwino kwambiri pa zotsatira zimene apeza kwa zaka zambiri.

Thanzi la Anthu Onse ndi Chitetezo

FDA imatsimikizira kuti mankhwala, zipangizo zamankhwala, ndi zakudya zimagwirizana ndi chitetezo ndi miyezo yothandiza asanafikire ogula. Kupenda kwa bungwe la mankhwala atsopano kumafuna avareji ya miyezi 10-12 ya maseŵero a ndandanda, koma nthaŵi zonse imakana mazana a maprogramu amene amalephera kukwaniritsa miyezo yake yolimba. NHTSA ya chitetezo cha galimoto , kuphatikizapo malamba a pampando, ndi kukhazikika kwa magetsi kumangidwa kupulumutsa mazana a anthu kuyambira m'ma 1970. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CSC) imakumbukira zinthu zowopsa za ana zonyazira zinyamutsira m'galimoto, kuletsa kuvulala kwambiri.

Chitetezo cha Malo Okhala

Kusungitsa EPA kwa EPA kwa kuchepetsa moŵa kwamphamvu m'zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zoipitsa mpweya , ozone, mtovu, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ndi sulfur dioxide , ndi oposa 70% kuyambira 1970, monga momwe chuma chakulira. Chikalata cha Zakudya Zamadzi chachepetsa kwambiri kuipitsa m’mitsinje, nyanja, ndi madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Programu ya EPA’Superd yayeretsa malo oipitsidwa ndi ngozi, kutetezera madzi a pansi ndi madera apafupi.

Kudalirika m’zandalama

SEC iyang'anira malonda a kusungitsa ndalama n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu adalitse ndalama. SEC inachititsa ntchito zosungitsa lamulo zoposa 700 chaka cha 2023 chokha, kulamula kuchotsedwa kwa madola mabiliyoni ambiri pa kupata kwa anthu osabadwa. Chikalata cha Dodd-Frank adapatsa mphamvu ya kuyang'anira mabungwe oyendetsa ngongole, ndalama zosungira ngongole, ndi mabizinesi, kuchepetsa upandu wa dongosolo la zinthu. CFPB yasunga mabiliyoni a madola olandirira chithandizo kwa ovulazidwa ndi machitidwe onyenga monga kubwereketsa ngongole, kukongola kopanda lamulo, ndi kulipira ngongole kopanda chilungamo.

Kugwira Ntchito Mwachilungamo

MITENGO ya OSH yathandiza kuchepetsa imfa za antchito kuchokera pa 14,000 pachaka mu 1970 kufikira pafupifupi 5,000 pachaka mosasamala kanthu za kuŵirikiza kwa antchito. Malamulo a bungwe lolemba afuna kuti olemba ntchito alembe ndi kusimba kuwonongeka kwa ntchito, kuwonjezereka kwa kuonekera kwa. Dipatimenti ya Orthow’s Wage ndi Hour Division imakakamiza malipiro ocheperapo, owonjezera nthaŵi, ndi malamulo a ntchito, kutsimikizira kuti antchito osavuta kugwidwa sakudyeredwa molakwa.

Mavuto Opitirizabe: Kupeza Ndalama, Ndale, ndi Kusintha

Kumvetsa mavuto ameneŵa n’kofunika kwambiri poona ngati malamulo asintha.

Kupimidwa kwa Zinthu

Vuto lofala kwambiri ndilo kupereŵera kwa ndalama. Mabungwe ambiri aona kuti ndalama zawo zasintha kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazo mogwirizana ndi chuma chimene amayang'anira. Mwachitsanzo, SEC inakhazikitsa malonda a zachuma pa ndalama zoposa madola 100,000,000,000,000 mu 2023, komabe ndalama zawo zinatsala pa $2 biliyoni .A chiŵerengero chofanana ndi cha zaka za 1990, koma kuchuluka kwa maindasitale kwachepa. FDA ikufufuza chigawo chimodzi chokha cha malo opangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo chaka chilichonse, ndi mipata imene inathandizira kuvutidwa ndi kusoŵa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Opachitsa ntchito yakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi ya anthu otchulidwa ku DO J. Omapanga makampani otchukawa ndi odzidalira kwambiri pa makampani a zamalonda.

Chitsenderezo cha Ndale zadziko ndi Kugwidwa Kwauyang’aniro

Mabungwe otsogolera a boma ndi andale. Kusintha kwawo zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi boma lililonse, ndipo amakakamizidwa nthaŵi zonse ndi makampani, magulu a uphunzitsi, mamembala a Congress, ndi White House . Pansi pa maulamuliro ena, mabungwe amalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi malamulo okhwima; ena, amalangizidwa kuchepetsa zothodwetsa. Kusintha kumeneku ndi kulinganiza kwanthaŵi yaitali. Kusinthaku ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a boma, kumene makampani oyendetsedwa amasintha kwambiri pa kukonza zosankha za bungwe, kaŵirikaŵiri mwa kutumizanso katundu, ndi kukhazikitsanso ntchito zapakhomo ntchito. Kufufuza kwasonyeza kuti nyengo za makampani otchuka zingatsogoze ndi malamulo oyanja anthu ambiri.

Kucholoŵana ndi Kutsenderezedwa

Chiwonjezeko chachikulu ndi chocholoŵana cha malamulo a boma chimaika mtolo wolemera pa mabizinesi, makamaka ang'ono. Malamulo a Federal Malamulo (CFR) tsopano akupitirira masamba 185,000. Malamulo ambiri alembedwa m'chinenero chaluso kwambiri chimene chimafunikira ukatswiri walamulo kapena wa sayansi kuti afotokoze. Chikalata cha Reduction Active chikufuna mabungwe kuchepetsa katundu wa zolemba, koma Office of Management ndi kulinganiza kuti malamulo a boma awonongere anthu $100,000,000 pachaka. Kuchovuta kumeneku kungatsogolere ku kusagwirizana ndi malamulo a boma ndipo kungaletsetse kuyendetsa ntchito ya kampani. Ena amatsutsa kuti njirayi si kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuyendetsa zinthu koma malamulo apamwamba kumene kuli kopeka ndi kulinganiza kumene kuli kochitidwa m’malo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito, ndi luso la zopanga la zopanga la zopangapanga la zopangapanga la kampani.

Kusintha kwa Zipangizo ndi Msika

Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kumaposa mphamvu ya malamulo. Pamene magalimoto akwera ayamba kuoneka, adagwira ntchito zaka zambiri m'malo osungiramo magalimoto chifukwa malamulo a takisi analembedwa m'nyengo ina. Njira yomweyi imaonekeranso ndi crypto-aset , imene yakhala ikulimbana kuti igwirizane ndi mphamvu kapena zinthu zopangira zinthu. Luntha lakuyendetsa zinthu limapanga mavuto aakulu kwambiri: maluso amakono okonzanso zinthu satha kukonza bwino mavuto a kutengera kudetsedwa kwa majeremusi, migodi ya m'madzi, kapena AI gengenerated reconformation. APUPUS ikusintha pang'onopang'onopang'ono malangizo pa mfundo za , ndi FTC yakhazikitsa njira zatsopano zothandizira kukonza njira za mankhwala zamakono ndi kukonzanso kwa njira zamakono.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Agency Achitapo Kanthu m’Dziko Lenileni

Chiyambukiro chenicheni cha mabungwe otsogoza chimawonekera mwa zitsanzo zenizeni.

Chikalata Chokhudza Kuwomba Mpweya Woyera ndi Programu ya Mvula ya EPA

Chimodzi cha zipambano zotchuka kwambiri za EPA ndicho programu ya mvula ya asidi yopangidwa ndi 1990 Cleena Air Acts. Mmalo mwa kulamula zofunika za luso lamakono, EPA inakhazikitsa dongosolo la sulfur dioxide yotulutsidwa kuchokera ku zomera za mphamvu, kulola zipangizo kugula kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zimene zimachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya mopambanitsa. Kusintha kwa njira imeneyi ya msika kunathandiza kuchepetsa zinthu zimene zikufunika zaka zambiri ndandanda isanakwane ndi pamtengo wotchulidwa. Mvumbi wa mvula yachidid watsika kwambiri kummaŵa kwa United States, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa thanzi la nkhalango, ASID, ndi kuwoneka kwa nyanja. Zimenezi zikusonyeza mmene kapangidwe kabwino ka kapangidwe ka zinthu ka zinthu ka ka ka ka kapangidwe ka zinthu ka ka kapangidwe ka chuma kangayendetsetsedwe ka zinthu kuti akwaniritse zolinga za malo bwino.

Kutsekeredwa kwa M’kati mwa Kuwombana

Mu 2023, SEC imabweretsa zikalata zoyendetsera malonda za anthu oposa 130 ndi mabungwe, kuphatikizapo makampani otchuka osunga thangato ndi akuluakulu a kampani. Mabungwewa amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ovuta kwambiri olemba nkhani, kuteteza katundu, ndi kuchotsa katundu pakampani. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kulabadira kwa FDA ku Vuto la Opioid

FDA yakhala ikusulizidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake m'mliri wa opioid . Mogwirizana ndi mphamvu ya opioid popanda chitetezo chokwanira . Koma kuyambira pamenepo yachitapo masitepe amphamvu kuti ithetse vutolo. Bungwelo lafuna kuti A Relick ettatection Strategies (REMS) ya opioid, yolamulidwa kuti apange mankhwala osokoneza ululu, ndipo ikufuna kupenda mwamphamvu chitetezo cha opioid iliyonse. Mu 2023, FDA inavomereza kupopera kwatsopano kwa naloxone, kupangitsa mankhwala osokoneza mankhwala ochulukitsitsa kupezeka kwambiri popanda chilolezo. Nkhani imeneyi ikusonyeza mmene magulu aŵiriwo angathandizire kulephera ndi kulephera kwa pambuyo pake, ngakhale kuti ntchitoyo ikusintha ndi kulephera.

Tsogolo: Kusintha Zinthu Kuti Zisinthe M’dziko

Mabungwewa amasintha zinthu kuti azitha kuchita zinthu zatsopano, kuti apange zipangizo zatsopano, ndiponso kuti anthu aziwakhulupirira.

Madzi a Ntchentche ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Kuti athetse kusiyana pakati pa kukonza zinthu ndi malamulo, mabungwe ena akuyesa makampani a sandbox oyendetsa zinthu. Poyamba, anachita upainiya ndi mabungwe a zachuma ku UK, bokosi la mchenga limalola makampani kuyesa zinthu zatsopano ndi ntchito zatsopano pa nthawi ya kanthaŵi, yofewa ndi kuyang'anira makampani. Makampani a CFPB atsegula mchenga kuti apange makampani a zasayansi, ndipo SEC ali ndi programu yofanana ndi imeneyi yothandiza mabungwe kuphunzira za luso lamakono pamene akuteteza, ndipo amathandiza makampani kuyendera njira zamakono kuyambira pachiyambi.

Kusintha kwa Chigwirizano ndi Kusintha kwa AI

Luntha lopanga ndi mamakina akupereka ziwiya zamphamvu kwa mabungwe okonzanso. Mabungwe a IRS amagwiritsira ntchito makampani kuphunzira kudziŵikitsa chinyengo cha misonkho; Secondingment Division imagwiritsira ntchito AI kusanthula maluso a malonda ndi kuyang'ana njira za malonda; FDA imagwiritsira ntchito AI kupenda maprogramu ndi kuyang'anira chidziŵitso cha pambuyo pa mapepala otetezera. Mabungwe amtsogolo angakonzetse njira zofufuzira kuti aone ngati pali kufunikira kwambiri, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito chinenero chachibadwa kudziŵikitsa mawu ovuta m'mapangano a malonda. Komabe, zida zimenezi zimakweza nkhaŵa za kutengera kutengera kutengera maluso a mapulogalamu ndi njira zokongola kuti agwiritsire ntchito.

Kugwirizana kwa Malamulo Padziko Lonse

Pamene ntchito ya zachuma ikukula, mabungwe a boma sangachite zinthu okha. Komiti ya Basel ya Bank Superpean imakhazikitsa malamulo amalikulu a mayiko amene amatsatiridwa ndi mabanki apakati ndi osunga ndalama padziko lonse. Bungwe la International Conference on Harmoning of Techniction for Reconfiblication of Phrameacututics for Human Use (ICH) imagwirizanitsa malamulo a mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku U.S., EU, Japan, ndi madera ena, zomwe zimathandiza kuti padziko lonse pakhale ndi matherere atsopano. Kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kukonza kwa matenda onse ofunikira kugwirizana kwa anthu pa m'patuko. A bungwe la Adipatimenti ifunikira kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wawo padziko lonse polemekeza kusiyana malamulo ndi ku boma.

Kudziimira Pamodzi ndi Anthu Onse

Kudalira boma m'mabungwe a boma kwatha m'mayiko ambiri. Kumanganso chikhulupiriro chimenecho, mabungwe akuyang'ana kwambiri. FDA imafalitsa maina a antchito ake oyendera ndi malipoti a kufufuza pa Intaneti. Makalata a SEC amayankha pa EDGAR . Mabungwe ena tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito "kukhazikitsa malamulo" mapulatifomu amene amalola anthu kuyankha kudzera mwa anthu olankhulana ndi anzawo. CFPB yayamba upainiya "Ccompanefit" mapulogalamu amene amaphatikizapo zotsatira zake, kusonyeza osati mapindu ongogaŵiridwa koma amene amapambana ndi amene amalephera ndi zosankha zaubwenzi.

Kumaliza

Mabungwe a boma ndi ofunika kwambiri polamulira amakono. Amasintha cholinga cha malamulo kukhala miyezo yovomerezeka, kuteteza anthu ku mavuto amene misika siingathe kuwawononga okha, ndipo amatumikira monga boma tsiku ndi tsiku pogwirizana ndi anthu ndi mabizinesi. Ntchito yawo siitha: maupandu atsopano, malamulo akale, ndi kusintha kwa zandale. Vuto lomwe likupitirizabe ndi kukwaniritsa ufulu wawo, kudziimira, ndi kubwezera mlandu potsatira kusintha kwa dziko. Mwa kumvetsa ntchito za mabungwe ameneŵa . Mabungwewa, zipambano, ndi mavuto ake , zingayambitse bwino kwambiri kutsutsana ndi malamulo ambiri, mmene malamulo oyenera kukonza bwino, ndi kutsimikizira kuti mphamvu za boma zikuyendera bwino, ndiponso kuti ayendetse mphamvu za boma, ndiponso kuti ayendetse mphamvu za boma zikhoza kufalikira. Malamulowo sathandiza kuti lamulo akwanidwe.