Ntchito ya Bwanamkubwa Yosintha Uchigaŵenga wa Achinyamata ndi Chilungamo cha Juvenile

Chitokoso cha upandu wa achichepere ndi kupambana kwa madongosolo a chilungamo cha achichepere chikutsatizana ndi nkhaŵa zazikulu za maboma ku United States. Pamene kuli kwakuti mitu yankhani ya nkhani isumika maganizo pa zochitika zazikulu, ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya kuchepetsa ndi kukhazikitsa chilungamo, chilungamo chochitidwa pa mlingo wa boma. Olamulira, monga akuluakulu a boma, amakhala ndi maulamuliro aakulu, okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za ndalama , kuchokera ku ku kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi malamulo apamwamba a kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa atsogoleri a mabungwe aakulu. Njira zawo zimakhudza mwachindunji mmene achichepere amakhalira ndi njira zochitira chilungamo ndi ngati ali ndi mwaŵi weniweni wa kusintha miyoyo yawo. Nkhaniyi ikupenda akazembe ofikira anthu osiyanasiyana kuti agwiritse ntchito upandu, kuyambira kuloŵerera ndi kuletsa njira za kutsendekera ndi kukhazikitsa njira za kusungitsa malonda, ndi kuyesa njira zotetezera achinyamata.

Kuika Manda Koyamba: Zochititsa Kufufuza Zoyambitsa

Kufufuza kwapanthaŵiyo kumasonyeza kuti njira yochepetsera upandu wa achichepere ndi yaumunthu yoposa ina iliyonse ikuuletsa kuchitika poyamba. Akuluakulu a mzera wa magulu ankhondo alimbikitsa kwambiri maprogramu otetezera amene amalongosola zinthu zodziŵika za mkhalidwe wa kupulupudza: umphaŵi, kusokonezeka maganizo, kusoŵa zitsanzo zabwino za achikulire, kutaya mtima kwa kusukulu, ndi kusasamala maganizo. Maprogramu ameneŵa si mautumiki a kakhalidwe chabe .

Kuchezera Nyumba ndi Chichirikizo cha Banja

Panyumba ya ana ang'onoang'ono, monga ngati Nourth- Family Parnership, pali umboni wamphamvu wothandiza kuchepetsa kumangidwa kwa ana amene amabadwa m'mabanja apamwamba. Bwana m'maboma onga Colorado ndi Michigan awonjezera maprogramu ameneŵa pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama za boma limodzi ndi ndalama za boma. Mwa kuchirikiza makolo atsopano ndi maulendo a una wodwa, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ana, ndi kugwirizana ndi chuma cha anthu, njira zimenezi zimayendetsa kufalikira kwa zinthu zowopsa zimene zimachititsa kupulupudza. Kufufuza kwanthaŵi yaitali kumasonyeza kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa khalidwe laupandu pakati pa ana a zaka 15 zakubadwa amene mabanja awo analandira kuloŵerera koteroko.

Pambuyo pa Sukulu ndi Programu za Chilimwe

Maola a pakati pa 3 p.m. ndi 6 p.m., makamaka masiku a sukulu, amatumikira pa nthaŵi zaupandu wa ana. Pozindikira zimenezi, akazembe ambiri agwiritsira ntchito maprogramu a maphunziro a sukulu ndi a m’chilimwe omwe amapereka chisamaliro, kukongoletsa, ndi kumanga luso. Mwachitsanzo, Sukulu za Gileadi za Sukulu ndi Safety Program imathandiza mazana a zikwi za ophunzira okhala ndi chichirikizo, luso, ndi zosangalatsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri akazembeetsa mbali ya maphunziro a boma kapena zotsekereza maprogramu ameneŵa, mayanjano ogwirizana ndi mabungwe ogwirizana ndi chitaganya. Chiyambukiro nchachiwiri: Achichepere amasungidwa m'malo abwino, opindulitsa, ndipo amayamba kupikisana kumene kumachepetsa kuchonderera kwa khalidwe la kupulupunduka.

Kuyamba Kufuna Kudzilamulira

Bwanamkubwa mobwerezabwereza amachirikiza njira zaulangizi wa dziko lonse zimene zimagwirizanitsa pa achichepere ophunzitsidwa ndi odzipereka achikulire. Magulu onga Big Brothers Big Scheers of America amalandira ndalama m'maiko ambiri kufutukula mmodzi kumlangizi. Kufufuza kuchokera ku Ofesi ya Juvenile Justice ndi Delinquise Prevention (OJDP) kumasonyeza kuti kulangiza kogwira ntchito kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa kuyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi khalidwe lachiwawa. Olamulira agwiritsiranso ntchito mphamvu zawo zogwirizana ndi kutsogolera alangizi, kusonkhanitsa alangizi, ndi kugogomezera chipambano kulimbikitsa opatsirako opatuka.

Kusintha Chiweruzo cha Juvenile: Kuchoka pa Chilango Kufikira pa Kubwezeretsa

Chitsanzo chachiweruzo cha achichepere, chimene kaŵirikaŵiri chimasonyeza njira zaupandu za achikulire, chaonedwa kukhala zosapindulitsa. Kutsekera achichepere pamilandu ing’onoing’ono kumawavulaza, kuwaika kwa olakwa aakulu, ndi kusokoneza maphunziro ndi zomangira za banja . Kaŵirikaŵiri akazembe achititsa kusintha kwakukulu kumene kumatsogolera kuwongolera, njira zina zozikidwa pa chitaganya, ndi chilungamo cha anthu.

Kukulitsa Nyengo ya Bwalo la Milandu la Milandu

Chikhoterero chachikulu cha kusintha chakhala “kutsimikizira zaka,” kutsimikizira kuti zaka 17 ndi nthaŵi zina 18 zaukalamba zimasamaliridwa choyamba m'dongosolo la achichepere mmalo mwakuti aikidwe mlandu monga achikulire. Madziko onga North Carolina, New York, ndi Vermont apereka malamulo, kaŵirikaŵiri kuchotsa achichepere achikulire m'makhoti aupandu. Malamulo ameneŵa amazindikira kuti kukula kwa ubongo kwa achichepere kumapitirizabe kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi aŵiri, ndi kuti achichepere ali okhoza kuwongolera. Chiyambukiro chakhala chokulira: kuchepa kwa kuikidwa m’ndende zachikulire, kuchepetsedwa kwa recivice, ndi kusungidwa kwa ndalama kuchokera ku mabwalo a auchinduna, maprogramungwe opitizidwa. [FL:] National Convition of State of Lectreast (NC) [FF]

Kuiŵala Maprogramu Otembenuza ndi Njira Zina

Bwana achirikiza maprogramu owonjezera oletsa achichepere kuchoka ku mabwalo amilandu. Diversion ingaphatikizepo mabungwe a anthu, makhoti a achichepere, kapena misonkhano yachilungamo kumene wachichepere amakumana ndi wovutitsidwa ndi ziŵalo za mudzi kukonza kuwonongeka. Ziyamikiro za mabungwe onga JJ'S Programs Model Guide [1] Maprogramu a Model [1] Amatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza. Maboma ambiri aikidwanso m'njira zina m’malo mokhala otsegulira milandu yopanda chiwawa, kapena chisamaliro chachisungiro m’malo mwa kuchepetsa zotsatira za kutsegulidwa kwa ndende. Maprogramumboni ameneŵa amachepetsa zotsatira za kusoŵa kwa sukulu, kusoŵa ntchito, kapena kutha kwa mabanja, kapena kuonetsetsabe kwa anthu opezekapo milandu.

Thanzi Lamaganizo ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala Osavuta

Ochuluka a achichepere m'dongosolo lachiweruzo la achichepere afunikira thanzi lopanda khalidwe. Maboma asonkhezera kugwirizanitsa kupima maganizo ndi kuchiritsa kwa ana ndi kutsekeredwa m'malo osungirako ana. M'maboma onga Texas ndi Ohio, maoda akuluakulu afuna kuti achichepere onse aloŵe m'dongosololo kuti alandire kupima koopsa. Kupereka ndalama za mautumiki a maganizo a anthu, posadalira pa kudalira malo okhala, kwakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Olamulira agwiritsiranso ntchito Medicaid Waries kufutulira umboni wozikidwa pa kuchiritsa konga kwa Eltrasystemic Commentary and Fomical Famial Consocial Commentation, zimene zasonyezedwa kuti zikuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa moyo ndi 30%.

Kutsatira Lamulo ndi Kulinganiza Thupi

Akuluakulu a boma ayamba kuchita zinthu zimene zingathandize kuti apolisi azigwirizana ndi achinyamata, aziwaona kuti ndi otsika, azikhala oweruza ndiponso kuti azikhala ndi zibwenzi.

Apolisi a M’deralo ndi Asilikali a Zipatala za Sukulu

Kukhalapo kwa apolisi m'sukulu kwakhala nkhani yotsutsana, koma akazembe ambiri akuyesayesa kuwongolera ntchito ya Sukulu Resource Manerfers (SSROs) kotero kuti iwo asumike pa kumanga maunansi ndi kuletsa kumangidwa m'maupandu aang'ono. Kuphunzitsa SROs m'kukula kwa achichepere, mayankhidwe osokonezeka maganizo, ndi machitidwe okonzanso zinthu akufunikira mowonjezereka ndi malamulo a boma. Olamulira m'mayiko onga Maryland ndi Connecticut achirikiza malamulo kuchepetsa kumangidwa m'masukulu chifukwa cha makhalidwe otsika, kulangiza apolisi kuti agwiritsire ntchito njira zosamalira makalasi kapena kutsogolera alangizi a zauphungu.

Mabungwe a Achinyamata Olimbikitsa

Akuluakulu angapo apanga mabungwe a achichepere amene amapatsa achichepere . kuphatikizapo awo okhala ndi chidziŵitso chaumwini m'dongosolo la chiweruzo . Mabungwe ameneŵa amakumana nthaŵi zonse ndi gulu la kazembe, kupereka chivomerezo pa malamulo olingaliridwa, ndi chithandizo pa njira za kukhazikitsa. Mwakukhazikitsa mapangano a achichepere, akazembe amatsimikizira kuti maprogramu akulabadira zosoŵa zenizeni za chitaganya. Mwachitsanzo, Juvenile Junile Advisory Komiti ya Washington imaphatikizapo mamembala a achichepere amene akhala ndi dongosolo la kachitidwe ka pangano, ndipo malingaliro awo atsogolera kusintha m'kagwiritsiridwe kake ka ntchito ndi mmene ntchitonso ntchito za mautumiki amaperekedwedwe.

Ntchito Zoloŵerera m’Ntchito ya Chiwawa M’dera

M’mizinda yokhala ndi chiwawa cha achinyamata, akazembe atsogolera chuma ku njira zachiwawa zozikidwa pa chitaganya. Maprogramu ameneŵa amagwiritsira ntchito amithenga odalirika . Nthaŵi zambiri amene kale anali opalamula . .Akatswiri opalamula, ndi kuletsa kusokoneza zizoloŵezi za kubwezera. Chiwawa cha Chiwawa cha M’mbuyo ndi Prevention Program, chochirikizidwa ndi bajeti ya boma, achirikiza zoyesayesa za CVI m’mizinda monga Oakland ndi Los Angeles. Olamulira agwirizanitsanso CVI ndi maphunziro apeza ntchito ndi mipata yamaphunziro, kuzindikira kuti ntchito yokhazikika ndi yoletsa upandu. Umboni, wofotokozedwa ndi bungwe la [[FLT:] , ikusonyeza kuti njira zoyendetsera CLT [FLD:1]

Maphunziro ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ntchito: Njira Zopezera Chipambano

Upandu wa achinyamata kaŵirikaŵiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutha kwa sukulu ndi kusoŵa mwaŵi wa zachuma.

Malo Opitirako ndi Kuchira

Achinyamata ambiri amene agwidwa kapena kukhudzidwa ndi makhoti amalephera maphunziro awo ndipo angasiye. Maboma athandiza kwambiri pa maphunziro ena, monga kukonzanso mapulogalamu, kukonzanso zinthu za ngongole, ndi maphunziro a ntchito. Malo amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makoleji osapanga phindu kapena a m'dera limodzi ndi mabwalo a sukulu. Oregon’s Reengagement Program, mwachitsanzo, amalola 16 mpaka 21 zaka za anthu amene asiya sukulu kapena amene ali pangozi yolephera kupeza dipuloma kapena GED pamene akulandiranso malangizo ndi ntchito. Malamulo a boma amasonyeza kuti otengako mbali za maphunzirowo ali ndi chiŵerengero chotsika kwambiri kuposa achinyamata amene sapita ku mapologalamu otero.

Ntchito ya Achinyamata ndi Zochita Zawo

Maprogramu a ntchito za achichepere a m’nyengo ya mdima (SYEP) asonyezedwa kuchepetsa kumangidwa kwachiwawa mwa kulimbikitsa opaleshoni ya ntchito ndi njira zolinganizidwa. Maboma agwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma kuwonjezera kukulitsa antchito a boma kuti afutukule SYEP pa achichepere a risk. Sukulu za tauni ya New York City za SYEP . Zikuchilikizidwa ndi ndalama za boma zothandizira pafupifupi 100,000 otengamo ntchito za ntchito zachilimwe. Pambuyo pake, akazembe amathandiza maprogramu a achichepere olembetsa ntchito zaumoyo m’mabwalo monga kusamala zaumoyo, luso la za za zaumoyo, ndi zamalonda. Maphunziro ameneŵa amaphatikiza malangizo a m'kalasi limodzi ndi maphunziro a pa-job, kupereka achinyamata njira zovomerezera zalamulo zachuma. Kudziko longa South Carolina, boma lophunzitsa ntchito ndi makampani a oweruza a achichepere m'malo a mapulogalamu amakono a ntchito awo monga a mapulogalamu a a a a a a audindo aubwenzi.

Kupanga Chigamulo cha Chidziŵitso ndi Kuŵerengera

Kulamulira kogwira ntchito kumafuna kudziŵa ntchito. Bwanamkubwa agwiritsira ntchito madongosolo a zolemba zimene zimatsata dongosolo la achichepere lodutsa chilungamo, maphunziro, ndi madongosolo a mautumiki a anthu. Madongosolo ameneŵa amatheketsa opanga malamulo kuzindikira kusiyana, kuyang’anira maprogramu, ndi kusintha ndalama kuti zikhale njira zogwira mtima kwambiri.

Mabodi Odukizana Osonyeza Chilungamo

Olamulira ambiri apanga mabodi oonekera poyera amene akusimba za kuweruza kwa achichepere, monga ziŵerengero za kumangidwa, kuikidwa m'ndende, kugawana kwa madictif, ndi kupangidwa kwa fuko. Juvenile Justice Distboard ya Utah, mwachitsanzo, imasintha ndi kuphatikizapo kusweka kwa dera, zaka, kulakwa, ndi chotulukapo. Kuwonekedwa kumeneku kumapatsa mabungwe mlandu ndi kutheketsa kusonkhezera kusintha zinthu pamene kusemphana kwa makhalidwe. Olamulira agwiritsira ntchito mabodictiveboard ameneŵa kugwirira ntchito zolinga zakutiza, monga kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha achichepere m'ndende podzafika 20% pa zaka zoposa ziŵiri, ndipo angapereke lipoti la kupita patsogolo ku bungwe la okhazikitsa malamulo ndi anthu onse.

Kuona Malo Abwino ndi Amitundu Yonse

Chitokoso chosatha m'chilungamo cha achichepere ndicho kuperekedwa kwa achichepere a mitundu pa mfundo iliyonse. Akazembe ambiri adzipereka kuyankhula ndi kusiyana kumeneku kupyolera mwa malamulo a akuluakulu amene amalamula kusonkhanitsa mafuko ndi ubongo, amafuna maphunziro osonyeza tsankhu kwa onse a oyang'anira milandu, ndi ndalama zothandizira maprogramu amene amathandizira kuchotsapo anthu okhudzidwa ndi kugaŵana mitundu. Ku Minnesota, ntchito ya kazembe wa ana pa kusintha chilungamo cha ana anapereka zikalata zoletsa kuzenga mlandu wa 14 ndi zaka 15 m'makhoti akuluakulu ndi kuchotsa achinyamata okhala ndi milandu yaing'ono m'mudzi. Mayeso akuyembekezera kuchepetsa kugaŵana kwa mafuko ndi kuloŵerera kwambiri kwa dongosolo la kachitidwe ka zinthu.

Kupanga Umboni Wokhudzana ndi Kupereka Uthenga

Maboma ambiri tsopano afuna kuti maprogramu olandira ndalama za boma zolandira ndalama zopitirizidwa za boma adziŵike paumboni wopitiriza, kuchokera ku kulonjeza kutsimikizira. Mwachitsanzo, banja ndi Ana Oyamba kukhazikitsa ndalama zoyendera panyumba ndi kuloŵerera m’zaumoyo. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti ndalama za boma zochepetsedwa zakhala ndi mphamvu yothandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kulera ndi kuwongolera zotsatira za achichepere.

Kumaliza: Kuchirikiza Chisamaliro ndi Kuŵerengera

Abwanamkubwa a boma amagwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri zothetsera upandu wa achichepere ndi kuwongolera chilungamo cha achichepere, koma njira zimenezi nzamphamvu kwambiri pamene agwirizana m’magulu ndi m'magulu. Maprogramu oletsa kulimbitsa mabanja ndi sukulu, kusintha kosintha kumene kumaloŵa mmalo mwa kusungidwa ndi anthu, mapologalamu a apolisi amene amapanga kukhulupirirana, ndi maphunziro ndi njira zantchito zimene zimapatsa mpata weniweni. Zili zoyesayesa. Zili mbali za kupitirizabe kwabwino kumene kumazindikira kuti achichepere ali okhoza kusintha ndi oyenerera kuchirikiza. Olamulira amene atsogolera mwachipambano m'derali achita motero mwa kudalirana osunga ndalama zosiyanasiyana, kuloŵetsamo chidziŵitso ndi kupenda, ndi kusungabe chisamaliro, ndi kusumika chisamaliro pa zinthu zomwe zikufalikira. Pamene umboniwo umapitirizabe kukula ndi kuvuta kwa achichepere kutuluka m’kupitikukula kwa kutsutsana kwa achichepere.