Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa Kugundana Kuzungulira United States

Pandale zamphamvu, njira zochepa zosocheretsa mwadala . N’zosiyana ndi kufufuza kovomerezeka kopangira malingaliro a anthu, kufufuza kokakamiza ndiko njira yotsatsa malonda yobisika. Cholinga chake n’kusonkhezera anthu kusanthula, nthaŵi yosatsutsidwa kapena yabodza, chidziŵitso chonena za wotsutsa. Pamene kuli kwakuti kukopa kwakhala njira ya kampeni yodziŵika kwa zaka makumi ambiri, lamulo lake nlosiyana kwambiri ndi malamulo ake. Boma lililonse limakhazikitsa malamulo ake olamulira, nthaŵi yake, ndi mawu ake, kupanga ntchito ya malamulo amene akaundula ayenera kuyenda mosamala.

Nkhani ino ikufutukula malamulo oyendera ku United States, kufotokoza kusiyana kwa mayiko, zotsatira za kuswa malamulo, ndiponso zimene malamulo ameneŵa amatanthauza kwa makampani ndi ovota. Ikufotokozanso chifukwa chake mayiko ena ayamba kuyang’anira kwambiri pamene ena akulolabe kuchita zimenezi popanda malamulo ambiri.

Kodi Tsoka Lopotoza Anthu N’lotani Kwenikweni?

Kufufuza kokakamiza sikuli kupenda. Ndi chiŵiya cha kukakamiza anthu. Pa nthaŵi ya kufunsira kochitidwa, wovota amafunsidwa mafunso ambiri opangidwa ndi mayeso opangira kuyanjana koipa ndi wobatizidwa. Mwachitsanzo: "Ngati mudziŵa kuti Atlantite Smith wamangidwa chifukwa cha chinyengo, kodi mungakhale wothekera kwambiri kuvotera? [ Wovotayo salandira umboni, ndipo choneneracho chingakhale chongopeka. Cholinga chake ndicho kukayikira, osati kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso.

Makampani ofufuza otsatira njira zopimira amatsatira miyezo yokhwima, yonga ija ya ku America ya Public Opinion Research (APOR .] Kufufuza, posiyana, kwatha masekondi 60-90 okha, kufunsa mafunso otsutsa, ndipo kukana kupereka chidziŵitso ponena za amene akuchirikiza foniyo. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kuli maziko a kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake maboma ayamba kuwalamulira.

Chifukwa Chake Mayiko Amakopa Anthu Mosiyanasiyana

Nkhani ya kuvomereza nkhani zandale ndi yovuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, malamulo a boma amasiyana kwambiri. Ena amasintha njira zotsatsira malonda andale zofunikira kuulutsidwa. Ena amaiona ngati njira yachinyengo yofufuzira. Maboma ochepa alibe lamulo lachindunji lonena za njirayo. Pansipa ndi kupenda kokulira ponena za mmene maboma amasonkhezerera kusanthula, kuikidwa m’magulumagulu mogwirizana ndi malamulo.

Malamulo Osonkhezera Kuipitsa

Maboma angapo akhazikitsa malamulo omveka bwino, osungidwa amene amaletsa kutsendereza kupenda mwachindunji kapena kuika zofunika zazikulu zoulula asanachite kupenda kulikonse.

  • California - California Code Echount Depart 18406 imafuna kuti foni iliyonse yamoyo ikhale yovomereza kapena yotsutsana ndi wofunsira kapena mlingo wa kujomba iyenera kuphatikizapo ndemanga yodziŵikitsa munthuyo kapena gulu lopereka foniyo. Kulephera kuchita zimenezo kungatulutse ndalama zokwana $5,000 pa kuswa. Kuwonjezerapo, lamulo limaletsa mwachindunji kufufuza kulikonse kumene “kupanga ndemanga yonama kapena yosokeretsa ya choonadi."
  • New York [1] [1] [1] [1] – New York Evotion Law Game 17-174 imaletsa “kukakamiza kochitidwa mwa njira yofufuzira ” (matchulidwe olinganizidwa kusonkhezera voti) ndiponso amafuna mafoni amoyo kuti aulule wochirikiza. Bungwe la lamulo la Boma, Boma la New York la Evotions, lingafune chilango cha boma cha kufika pa $1,000 kaamba ka kupempha kulikonse kochitidwa motsutsana ndi lamulo.
  • Chivomezi [1] --Oregon Revised Sigmenttes 260.208 amalamula kuti kufunsa kulikonse kumene kumaphatikizapo mkhalidwe wa wofuna kusankhidwa kuyenera kutchula wofunsira ndi boma kuti kuitana sikunalinganiziridwe kusonkhanitsa malingaliro a anthu koma kusonkhezera otola. Kuphwanya kumaonedwa ngati gulu la ofunsira.
  • New Hampshire [1] [1] [1] -New Hampshire RSA 664: 14-a imaletsa munthu aliyense kuchititsa kufunsira popanda kulembetsa koyamba ndi Mlembi wa Boma. Nkhaniyi iyenera kuphatikizapo malemba onse a kusanthula, chiŵerengero cha mafoni olinganizidwa, ndi magwero a ndalama. Kulembetsa kumeneku kumapangidwa poyera, kupereka kuwonekera kwa wojambula ndi woulutsa nkhani.

Malo Okhala ndi Zofunika Zosapambanitsa

M’mayiko ameneŵa, kukakamiza anthu kuti afufuze si koletsedwa, koma mkupiti uyenera kugwirizana ndi malamulo akutiakuti osonyeza kuonekera.

  • Florida [1] – Florida Sigment 106.143 imafuna kuti kusatsa malonda kulikonse kwa ndale zadziko kumene kwatembenuzidwa kuphatikizapo kukakamiza kusanthula kwa [1] kuyenera kukhala boma lapadera lomwe linalipira. Komabe, lamulolo silimalongosola molunjika “kufufuza, [1] kusiya malo kuti afotokoze. Florida Evolutions Commission yalondola nkhani zimene kufufuza kuli ndi ndemanga zonama, koma kungoti kulondolabe mabodza kumakhala kopanda mabodza.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kukakamiza kufufuza kochitidwa m'dera la jambulo mwa kugwiritsira ntchito zilembo zoletsa kuvomereza tsatanetsatane. Texas Ethics Commission yatulutsa chenjezo lakuti zolembazo zingaperekedwebe kuvumbula ngati chiyambukiro chonsecho chiri chopanda lamulo.
  • [[FLT : 0] Michigan [1] – Michigan Malamulo Ogwirizana 169.267, imafuna munthu aliyense kapena komiti iliyonse imene imaitana kaamba ka zifuno za ndale zadziko kuti atchule dzina ndi keyala kapena nambala yolembetsera. Ngakhale kuti silikukakamiza kufufuza mwachindunji, lamulo limeneli limapereka njira yodziŵira gulu kumbuyo kwa chiitanocho. Komabe, sililetsa zimene zilimo.
  • Ohio -Ohio Revised Code 3517.22] Kutsatsa malonda alionse operekedwa pandale kumaphatikizapo kutchula dzina ndi keyala ya munthu amene analipirira. Ngakhale kuti lamulolo linakonzedwa makamaka kaamba ka kusindikiza ndi kuulutsa, Khoti Lapamwamba la Ohio lanena kuti limagwira ntchito kuimbira telefoni foni za mkhalidwe wa ndale zadziko.

Malamulo Ochepa Kapena Opanda Malamulo Apadera

M’mayiko ambiri, malamulo oletsa kufufuzira sangagwire ntchito pafupifupi popanda kuloŵerera kwa lamulo, kuchepa kwa malamulo wamba kapena kunyozedwa ngati panenedwa mawu onama.

  • Montana [1] - malamulo a chisankho a Boma amasumika pa kusimba ndi kuulutsa makampani a ndawala. Mafoni amaletsedwa kwambiri kusiyapo ngati ali ndi mawu onama mwadala amene amawononga mbiri ya wofunsira. Ngakhale pamenepo, kutsimikizira kuli kokulira, ndipo kutsatizana nkwachilendo.
  • Ukudziwitsa [1] - Wyoming alibe lamulo limene limalongosola kapena maadiresi ofunsira. Lamulo lokha lothekera kuli chiletso chachisawawa cha “ziphuphu kapena ziwopsezo,” chimene sichimaphimba kufufuza kosocheretsa. Monga chotulukapo, kuchokera ku chigawo cha aphungu andale kaŵirikaŵiri amayesa kusanthula zolembedwa mu Wyoming monga doko lotetezereka.
  • Idaho [1] – Idaho Code 1 - Idaho Cour 18 imabisa chinyengo cha chisankho, koma makonzedwe ake ngochepa ndipo samatchula kufufuza kwa pa telefoni. General Idaho Attorney wanena kuti kukakamiza kusanthula kungayendetsedwe ndi malamulo a malonda ngati woitanirayo atsutsa chifuno cha chisankho, koma sanayesedwe m’khoti.
  • Alaska [1] [1] – malamulo a chisankho a Alaska amasumika pa ndalama za polisi ndi ndalama zowonongedwa pazokha . Palibe lamulo lofuna kuululidwa kwa mafoni andale pokhapokha atapempha ndalama kapena mavoti. Kufufuzira pepala limene limapeŵa mbali zimenezo kupyola m'mapasa.

Uyang’aniro Waukulu ndi Mbali ya FCC

Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma ndiwo apamwamba olinganiza zolembedwa ndi pepala la chisankho, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) imayang'anira kulembera kulankhulana kwa telefoni mokulira. Texnation Confesumer Protection Act (TCPA) Act imaletsa mafoni olembedwa ndi mauthenga olembedwa pasadakhale a anthu pokhapokha ngati wolandirayo wapatsidwa chilolezo cha poyamba. Komabe, mafoni andale zadziko (kukakamiza mayesoso) mobwerezabwereza ku ziletso zimenezi ngati iwo “osachita mapepala. [1] FCCC yakana kusanthula mowonekera bwino monga masinthidwe a mapepala, kutanthauza kuti kufunsirako kutsa kwalamulo kwalamulo kwalamulo pansi pa lamulo la boma lonyenga.

Kuwonjezera apo, bungwe la Federal Trade Commission (FTC) lingapereke chilango pa zochita zamalonda zachinyengo, koma nthaŵi zambiri mphamvu zake zimangokhudza malonda, osati kulankhula zandale.

Nkhani Zake Zosaiwalika

Kufufuza kokakamiza kunaloŵa m'dziko lonse m'chaka cha 1996 poyang'anira makampani a pulezidenti, pamene onyamula telefoni kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi aphungu a ndale zadziko anatsutsa kuti kaya “kufufuza kwamphamvu” kumaimba foni zoswa malamulo a boma. M'mzera wa chisankho wa 2000, George W. Bush anaimbidwa mlandu wa kugwiritsira ntchito kufufuza kuti awononge John McCain ku South Carolina, ngakhale kuti ndawalayo inakana. Mkanganowo unatsogolera ku zigamulo zingapo za boma, komano zochepa zinapita.

Posachedwapa, mu 2018, bungwe la Florida Commission Ecostations linalipira komiti ya ndale ya $5,000 kuti ifufuze nkhani zimene zinali ndi ndemanga zonama ponena za woloŵa m’boma. Komitiyo inatsutsa kuti kufufuzako kunali “kwabwino. ” ndipo sikunali koyenera kuvumbulidwa, koma bungwelo linatsutsa, kutchula mafotokozedwe aakulu a lamulo la ndale zadziko.

Mu Van Hollen v. Federal Evolution Commission [FL:1] (202), D.C. Khoti la Dera linachirikiza ziyeneretso zoulula za kulankhulana kwa masankho, zimene akatswiri ena a zamalamulo akutsutsa zingafunsire kukakamiza kusanthula ngati zamkatizo zikuloza mwachindunji kwa woloŵa m'bungwe. Komabe, palibe khoti limene lagamula mwachindunji kuti kukakamiza kulikonse kuli “kulankhulana kovomerezeka,” kusiya khomo lotseguka kaamba ka chitokoso.

Kufufuza Kothandiza kwa Kampeni ya Ndale Zadziko

Pa mpikisano, kumvetsetsa lamulo m’boma lililonse nkofunika. Kufufuza kokakamiza kumene kuli kololedwa ku Montana kungaswe lamulo la California, ndipo cholakwa chingatsogolere ku faindi, nyuzi yoipidwa, kapena ngakhale milandu yaupandu (monga ku Oregon). Mampaagist ayenera:

  • Chitani kupenda kwalamulo kwa zilembo zofufuza m’boma lirilonse kumene mafoni adzapangidwa.
  • Muyenera kutchula mawu osonyeza kuti mukulankhulana naye.
  • Dzichepetseni foni yopita kwa ovota olembetsa ndipo peŵani kuimbira foni ya opateleshoni ngati lamulo la boma liletsa zimenezo.
  • Sungani zolembedwa zenizeni, chiŵerengero cha mafoni, ndi magwero a ndalama zosonyeza kumvera ngati mwatsutsidwa.

Kulephera kutsatira masitepe ameneŵa kungatulukepo zoposa chilango chalamulo. Mu 2020, PPAC ku Delaware adayang'anizana ndi kufunsa kokakamiza kwa woloŵa m'bungwe la sukulu adakhala ndi mavairasi pa manyuzi, kuipitsa mbiri ya wofunsirayo ngakhale pambuyo popezedwa kukhala ndi chidziŵitso chonyenga. Woyang'anira pampando wa PaC analeka, ndipo chochitikacho chinapangitsa kutha kwa chidaliro m'mikupiti ya kumaloko.

Zimene Opanga Zinthu Angachite

Ofufuza amene alandira chiitano chokayikitsa sayenera kuilingalira kukhala kufufuza koyenera. APOR imapereka chitsogozo posiyanitsa kusanthula kokakamiza kwa kufufuza kowona: kukakamiza kufunsira nkwachidule, kufunsa mafunso otsutsa okha, ndipo musapemphe chidziŵitso cha anthu choposa chimene chikufunika kuti mupeze wovotayo. Masankho osankhidwa atha 10-15 mphindi ndipo amaphatikizapo mafunso oyenera.

Ngati ovota akhulupirira kuti iwo akhala osungitsa mavoti oletsedwa, iwo angalembe chidandaulo ku ofesi yawo ya chisankho kapena FCC. pamene kuli kwakuti osungitsa lamulo kaŵirikaŵiri amavomereza, madandaulo a anthu angayambitse kufufuza ndi kuletsa kuchitiridwa nkhanza mtsogolo.

Tsogolo la Kuipitsa Kochititsa Chiwawa

Pamene kuzindikira kukukula, maboma ambiri akulingalira za lamulo lotsegulira. Mu 2023, Minnesota adayambitsa lamulo limene likafuna mayeso onse a ndale zadziko kukalembetsa ndi boma ndi kuphatikizapo chikalata chachindunji cha kuvumbula. Mapepala ofananawo aperekedwa ku Colorado ndi North Carolina . Komabe, chitsutso kuchokera kwa ochirikiza a kampani za kampani ndi alangizi a ndawala chachedwetsa kupita patsogolo.

Pa nthawiyi, bungwe la Congress Ads Act, lomwe linkafuna kuti anthu anene zandale pa Intaneti, lingawonjezeredwe n’cholinga choti anthu onse azitha kuimbirana mafoni.

Luso lazopangapanga likusinthanso kuŵerengera. Kufufuza kokakamiza kugwiritsira ntchito mawu opeka kungatulutse mafoni mamiliyoni ambiri pamtengo wotsika, kuwapangitsa kukhala ovuta kwambiri kuwalondola ndi kuwakakamiza. Olamulira a boma akuyesayesa kuti asungebe, ndipo ena aitana kuti pakhale muyezo wa dziko umodzi woletsa chipwirikiti kumene kufunsira kuli kololedwa m'dziko limodzi ndi kosaloledwa ndi lamulo m'dziko lapafupi.

Kumaliza

Lamulo la kukakamiza kusanthula mu United States nlogaŵikana, kusonyeza kutsutsana pakati pa kumasuka kwa manenanena andale ndi kufunika kwa masankho owona mtima. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma onga California ndi New York ali ndi malamulo omveka bwino ndi kusungidwa kwamphamvu, ena onga Wyoming ndi Montana amapereka chitetezo chochepa kwa ovota. Mkupiti uyenera kuyenda mosamala, osati kokha kuti upeŵe chilango chalamulo komanso kuti upitirize kudalira wosankha. Pamene sayansi ya zopangapangapanga ndi kusintha kwa malo a ndale zadziko, kutsendereza miyezo yadziko yogwirizana ingakulemereze. Kufikira pamenepo, imakhala ndi boma, magrator, ndi kuvotera okha kuti iteteze njira yonyenga ndi yoipa imeneyi.