Kufunika Kokulirapo kwa Chipwirikiti cha Anthu Achikulire Akakhala M’matauni

Pamene chiŵerengero cha anthu a m’mizinda chikukula padziko lonse, kukhoza kwa nzika zokalamba kuyenda momasuka ndi motetezereka m’mizinda kwakhala vuto lalikulu la kulinganiza mizinda kwamakono. Pofika 2050, chiŵerengero cha anthu a zaka 60 ndi kukalamba chikuyembekezeredwa kuŵirikiza kaŵiri, kufika pa 2.1 biliyoni padziko lonse. M’mizinda yambiri, achikulire ali kale ndi mbali yaikulu ya anthu okhala m’maderawo, komabe njira zoyendera ndi malo ena oonekera bwino zapamalo a anthu onse zapangidwira makamaka anthu achichepere, okhoza kumanga nyumba. Chotulukapo nchakuti anthu achikulire amapatuka, amalephera kupeza chithandizo chaumoyo, kugwirizana ndi kuthandizirana ndi ntchito zachuma, ndi malo osafunikira kwenikweni kwa osamalira ndi antchito a anthu.

Kusamalira mpata umenewu sikuli kokha nkhani ya kuyenera; kuli kofunika kumanga mizinda yolimba, yosatha. Pamene okalamba satha kuyenda bwino m’malo awo, amakhala othekera kwambiri kukhala panyumba, kupangitsa kufooka kwakuthupi, kupsinjika maganizo, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zosamalira thanzi. Komanso, mizinda imene imaikamo ndalama zambiri zothandizira anthu okalamba mwaubwenzi imathandiza: achikulire amakhalabe okangalika m’midzi yawo, mabizinesi a m’dera lawo amayenda bwino, ndi makampani a zaulendo amaoneka kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri, ndiponso amathandiza kwambiri tsiku lonse.

Zigawo zotsatirazi zikufufuza zinthu zimene zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Zipinga Zoopsa Zikuyang’anizana ndi Anthu Aakulu M’mizinda

Kumvetsa mavuto amene anthu achikulire amakumana nawo n’kofunika kwambiri kuti apeze njira zothetsera mavuto awo.

Kutsutsa Zinthu Zakuthupi

Mapazi amene ali osweka, osagwirizana, kapena opapatiza owopsa pa ulendo wapanthaŵi ino kaamba ka okalamba kugwiritsira ntchito nzimbe, zoyendera, kapena ziwiya za olemala. M’madera ambiri a m’tauni, kutsekereza mafunde kumasoŵa, kutsika, kapena kutsetsereka, kupangitsa kudutsa msewu kukhala kowopsa. Kuwoloka ndi kupuma kwachilendo n’kosoŵa, kukakamiza achikulire kuyenda malo aatali popanda malo oti akhaleko ndi kuchira. Zizindikiro za apansi pa miyendo — kaŵirikaŵiri kugaŵira masekondi osachepera 15 kudutsa msewu wa miyandamiyanda — kuli kovuta kwambiri kwa achikulire ndi liŵiro lotsika kuyenda. [[FLT:] Bungwe la za za umoyo la World Health [FLD:1] likunena kuti ali zizindikiro zotsogolera za imfa zangozi zangozi zamwadzimbiri padziko lonse, ndipo ambiri zikugwa m’makwanidwa ndi piri.

Mipata ya Kusintha kwa Onse

Magalimoto okhala ndi masitepe apamwamba, masitima okhala ndi mipata yaikulu ya pulatifomu, ndi masiteshoni opanda ma sheche kapena ma apolisi amachotsapo achikulire ambiri amene amagwiritsira ntchito zoyendera za onse. Ngakhale pamene magalimoto ali ofikirika, madalaivala sangagwade basi kapena kutumiza ma ampposa mosasintha. Master kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbana ndi mapu ovuta, madeti a magalimoto aang'ono, ndi makina oyendera oyendera olembedwa ndi galimoto. Makalata olengeza angakhale osadziŵika chifukwa cha phokoso, ndipo zithunzithunzi za maso zingakhale zazing'ono kwambiri kapena zosaikidwa konse. Kufufuza ndi AARP kuonetsa kuti kusoŵa kwa masiteshoni a pa malo oyendera ndizosatsatidwa kwambiri ndi zifukwa za anthu achikulire otchulidwa bwino osagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi kuwonerera kwa anthu, zotsatira ndi mantha aulendo.

Kuda Nkhawa ndi Kuopa Upandu

Mantha akugwa amayendera limodzi ndi mantha a upandu. Makwalala osaya bwino, masiteshoni a mabasi, ndi malo opanda anthu amayambitsa nkhaŵa, makamaka kwa okalamba amene anganyamule zinthu zofunika kapena kudzimva kukhala osatetezereka. Ngakhale pamene mlingo weniweni wa upandu uli wotsika, wolingaliridwa kukhala wotetezera kwambiri kaya wachikulire adzayenda kapena kugwiritsira ntchito ulendo. Kufufuza kwa pa University of Michigan [1] kumasonyeza kuti akulu anayi pa anthu oposa 65 akupeŵa kutuluka usiku chifukwa cha nkhaŵa za chisungiko. Kufikira nthaŵi yowopsa imeneyi yapatulako ya madzulo, macheza a zamankhwala, ndi zosangulutsa zamankhwala.

Kudzipatula kwa Anthu ndi Malo Oyenda Okha

Okalamba ambiri amatha kuyendetsa galimoto koma amakhala m’madera amene ali ndi njira zochepa kapena sakhala za anthu ambiri — zotchedwa zipululu za zoyendera. Ku United States, pafupifupi 20% ya anthu oposa 65 sayendetsa galimoto, ndipo m'madera oyenda m’midzi, zimenezi zimawaika m’macheke m’nyumba zawo. Kudzipatula kwa anthu kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a maganizo, matenda a mtima, ndi imfa zapanthaŵi yamwamsanga. [FLT:] Kufufuza kuchokera ku National Academics Press kumagogomezera kuti njira yoyendera anthu oyenda ndi imodzi yamphamvu kwambiri ya ukalamba.

Ntchito Zolimbikitsa Kuthandiza Anthu Okalamba

Kuti anthu achikulire azitha kuyenda m’mizinda, pamafunika njira zosiyanasiyana zowasintha kuti azitha kukonza zinthu, kukonza zinthu zatsopano, kukhazikitsa pangano lokhudzana ndi anthu, ndiponso kusintha njira zina zoyendetsera zinthu.

Kumanga Makwalala Oyenda

  • Kuwongolera kwa magetsi: Makwalala a m'mphepete mwa msewu kukhala osalala, otetezera, ndi osachepera mamita asanu ndi limodzi m’lifupi kuti alandire zothandizira kuyenda. Wonjezerani mibulu yachenjezo pa mipando ya ogwiritsira ntchito opunduka maso.
  • Zingwe zopingasa ndi zodutsa: kuika kugwedera, tsidya la tsidya la tsidya lina lililonse. Nthaŵi zowoloka kapena kuika zisumbu zopulumukirapo anthu pa makwalala aakulu. Gwiritsirani zizindikiro zomveka ndi zoŵerengera pansi.
  • Malo a mpumulo ndi madera aulemu: kuika mabenchi pamitunda 300 kapena 500 panjira zazikulu za apansi, moyenerera ndi mikono yoima bwino. Patsani mitengo ya mthunzi kapena zitetezero ndi akasupe akumwa.
  • [1] Kuwala kodziwitsa: Kukweza magetsi a m’khwalala ku maled , amene amachotsa malo amdima, makamaka pa masiteshoni a mabasi, mathiransi, ndi nyumba zapamwamba.

Masinthidwe ameneŵa amapindulitsa aliyense — makolo okhala ndi mafashoni, anthu olumala, ndi antchito opereka chakudya — koma makamaka ngofunika kwa okalamba. kufufuza kwa National Institutes of Health [ kunapeza kuti benchi iliyonse yowonjezereka pa kilomita imodzi inagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuyenda kwa nthaŵi zokwanira 15% pakati pa achikulire oposa 65.

Zoyendera za Anthu Onse Zopezeka ndi Zosavuta Kuzipeza

  • Magalimoto a m’magalimoto a m’malo amodzi: Asintha mabasi ndi sitima ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba olola kukwera. Tsukani galimoto zonse ndi zitsulo zapamanja zosavuta ndi malo oyamba kulowa pafupi ndi zitseko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuwomba magetsi: Kujambula “lokhalolololo" ndi kuchotsa ndalama zolipirira zimene zimachotsa kufunika kwa kupyola chipempho cha dalaivala. phunzitsani oyendetsa mabasi kugwa pansi ndi kutumiza mabowo a nkhosa mwaufulu pamene achikulire ayandikira.
  • Sazikani chidziŵitso: Kuika ponse paŵiri zojambula ndi kuona nthaŵi yeniyeni yofika pa malo oimizira ndi mkati mwa galimoto. Patsani ndandanda ya chidziŵitso m'mapepala aakulu, bralle, ndi kupyolera mwa ma app a m'mafoni osavuta. Gaŵirani mipando ya chidziŵitso pa malo aakulu operekeramo zinthu.
  • Ndalama zokhoza kugulitsidwa: Mapindu ochepetsedwa kapena aulere a okalamba, monga momwe amachitira m'mizinda yambiri ya ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Ganizirani ulendo waulere kuti mulimbikitse kugwiritsira ntchito m’maola ochepa odzala ndi anthu.

Mizinda ngati Vancouver, Canada imapereka ulendo waulere kwa okhala 65+ m'maola osapeka, ndi malipiro ochepa pachaka. Okwera pagalimoto pakati pa achikulire amawonjezeka ndi 40% pa zaka ziŵiri powerengera.

Kuyenda pa Nyanja ya Adokotala

Smartphone akuloŵa mofulumira pakati pa achikulire — oposa 60% a achikulire a zaka 65-74 mu US ali ndi foni. Matauni angagwiritsiridwe ntchito chikhoterero chimenechi ndi maprogramu omangidwa ndi cholinga amene amasonyeza mabatani aakulu, mawu otsekeredwa ndi kulembera, njira zoyendera za GPS, ndi njira zenizeni zoyendera. Malamulo operekera mawu angathandize awo amene ali ndi vuto la kuona kapena kulephera kujambula.

[[FLT: 0] Maprogramu oyendera limodzi ndi magalimoto oyendera limodzi. Zojambula zokhala ngati zadzaza malo ovuta m'madera otsika. Mosiyana ndi mautumiki a malonda monga Uber kapena Litft, maprogramu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito madalaivala odzifunira ophunzitsidwa, njinga za pa njinga, magalimoto okhoza kuulutsidwa, ndi chithandizo cha pakhomo chapakhomo. Zojambula zonga ngati America [1] America ndi [[FLT: 4.] Gooka Goocla Cault . Zingapereke mafoni otumiza onyamutsira onyansidwa ndi onyansidwa ndi mapulogalamu. Matauni angaperekeze ndi mautumiki otero otsika kwa achikulire ofikapo.

[[FLT: 0] Zombo zodzilamulira zayambanso kukambitsirana. Pamene zidakali zokhala ndi mapod odzilamulira zikuyendetsedwa m'malo opuma pantchito ndi m'madera a m'tauni. Zimapereka chiwonetso, pautumiki wosafuna kuyendetsa galimoto popanda kusoŵa munthu — koma kokha ngati zinapangidwa ndi makompyuta aakulu, osavuta kugwira ntchito ndi malo okwanira oyendera.

Maprogramu Ozikidwa pa Mgwirizano wa Anthu ndi Unansi

  • Makirabu oyenda: Maboma angagwirizane ndi malo aakulu kulinganiza kuyenda kwa gulu lomangirira chidaliro ndi kupanga maunansi. Gaŵirani zovala zowunikira ndi operekera odzifunira powoloka.
  • [[NTL:0] Madongosolo a oyendetsa galimoto odzitetezera: [[FLT :1] Odzipereka kuyendetsa okalamba ku malo a zamankhwala, masitolo, ndi zochitika za mayanjano. Maprogramu onga Chigwirizano cha Zoyendera [[FLT:] chokwanira [[FLT] kukwaniritsa inshuwalansi ndi kubwezera ndalama za m'maulendo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Magawo a kusiyanitsa: Okalamba ambiri analeka kugwiritsira ntchito ulendo zaka makumi ambiri zapitazo ndipo sadziŵa madongosolo amakono. Mashopu aulere amene amaphunzitsa mmene angagwiritsire ntchito khadi, kuŵerenga zizindikiro zamagetsi, ndi kupempha kuima kungawonjezere kwambiri kukwera kwa wokwera. Kuphunzitsa kwa ausinkhu wako, kumene achikulire amaphunzitsana, nkothandiza kwambiri.
  • Zoyesayesa za m'mapindu: Okalamba ndi antchito odzipereka achichepere kaamba ka ntchito kapena kupita ku malo amwambo. Kugaŵana mapindu onse aŵiri a msinkhu — okalamba amapeza chithandizo ndi ubwenzi, pamene anthu achichepere amawonana ndi kutchula ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kulinganiza M’matauni

Kuwongolera ukalamba kumafuna malamulo aubwenzi ku muyalo uliwonse wa kukonzekera. Matauni ayenera kutsatira njira ya “kusoŵa-kuyamba [1] [1] Kusintha: kupeza nyumba zapamwamba, zipatala zaumoyo, masitolo, ndi malo a anthu oyenda pansi pa 15 kapena ulendo wachidule wa wina ndi mnzake.

Malamulo onse a m'makwalala amatsimikizira kuti maprojekiti onse atsopano azikhala ndi oyenda pansi, oyendetsa njinga, ndi ogwiritsira ntchito apaulendo mofananamo — osati galimoto zokha. Masinthidwe ayenera kuphatikizapo mandandanda a zinthu zapaubwenzi wamkulu: kuimika pa benchi, zizindikiro, kuletsa kuikizidwa kwa maampp, ndi kupezeka kwa zimbudzi.

Zosonkhezera zochokera ku [1] Zingafulumizitse kusintha. Federal ndi boma kaŵirikaŵiri zimapatsa ntchito zapadera zimene zimathandizira anthu ovutika. Matauni amene amasonyeza kudzipereka kwaukalamba mwaubwenzi angaloŵe m'maprogramu onga U.S. Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera Zabwino Kuthandiza Kupititsa Kutsogolo (BULD) Amapereka kapena ndalama zofanana ndi zimenezo ku Ulaya ndi Asia.

Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Dziko ndi Zizoloŵezi Zabwino Koposa

Mizinda yambiri yakhala ikuchita kale njira zokhwima zothandizira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino, ndipo imapereka maphunziro othandiza kwa anthu ena amene akufuna kutsatira njira imeneyi.

Singapore: Nyumba Zaunyinji ndi Zapansi Zachisawawa Zaukalamba

Singapore’s House & Development Board imalumikizidwa ndi malo apamwamba aubwenzi kukhala malo atsopano. Nyumba iliyonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zoyendera ndi malo ogona omangidwa, ndipo zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi malo obisalira mabasi kapena masiteshoni a MRT. Masiteshoni a Misa Rapid Transit ali ndi zipata zazikulu, mphepete , ndi nyumba zopatulidwa. Masterae amalandira “Sunize’s Pass ” imene imapatsa ndalama zotsika kwambiri. [FLT: 0] A Bank Bank phunziro la World [1]

Portland, Oregon: “Age-Frially Portland” Action Plan

Pulogalamu ya Portland, yopangidwa ndi AARP, imaphatikizapo njira ya “Chisonyezero cha Pedetrian Timing” imene inawonjezera kudutsa nthaŵi pa makwalala 100. Mzindawo unachitanso “Kuwombana kwa Malo a Zambia” imapereka programu yakuti mpando wa ndalama uika benchi ndi kutsekereza zowonjezera zoyendetsedwa ndi zifuno za chitaganya. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Portland State University [1] anapeza kuti achikulire m’madera okhala ndi kuwoloka kowoloka kowonjezedwa bwino anasimba kuti kuyenda kowonjezereka 25% ndi kutsika kwa 30% m’manthano ponena za kugwa.

Tokyo: Malo Oimapo Opanda Ufulu ndi “Silver Taxis”

Chigwirizano chachikulu cha Tokyo chakonzedwa ndi zitseko za pulatifomu, zitseko pa siteshoni iriyonse, ndi kuulutsa modzifunira . Programu ya “Silver Taxiti” ya mzindawo imapereka magalimoto a khomo ndi khomo pa 20% pa pensi ya anthu 70 ndi achikulire, ndi galimoto zimene zimaphatikizapo kukweza masitepe ndi kutsegula zitseko. [] Mabuku ochokera ku Tokyo Metropolitan Government[[[FLL:1] amasonyeza kuti njira zimenezi zawonjezera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa apaulendo pakati pa anthu 18% ndi zaka khumi zapitazo.

Ntchito ya Zipangizo Zamakono: Njira Zothandiza Anthu Achikulire M’mizinda Yochenjera

Zipangizo zamagetsi zimathandiza kuti anthu azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira za m’misewu. Njira zoyendera za anthu a m’mizinda ing'onoing'ono zikhoza kuwathandiza kudziwa mmene njira zikuyendera komanso kukonza zinthu. Mafoni a m’manja angayende bwino kwambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Othandiza mawu monga Amazon Alexa kapena Google Service angayankhe mafunso a njira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito foni.

Koma luso la zopangapanga lokha silili lokwanira. Magawa a foni ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa. Pamene apanga zipangizo, mapulinsipulo achilengedwe amatsimikizira kuti zinthu zimene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zingathandize anthu onse, osati zamakono zokha. Kuchokera ku bungwe la International Association of Gert [1]

Kupanga Mtsogolo Mwamsanga: Chisamaliro cha Lamulo

Kuti tidziwe zambiri pa zimenezi, mizinda iyenera kukwera kwambiri poyenda m’njira zosiyanasiyana, poyendera malo, ndiponso pokonza bajeti.

  • Kugwirizanitsa ntchito ya Nyengo Yachinyama: Ntchito iliyonse ya zoyendera iyenera kuonedwa kukhala yofanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Aja amene amalephera kuchotsa zopinga ayenera kukonzedwanso kapena kuikidwa kuti apeze ndalama.
  • [[FLT : 0] Inapangidwa ndi Bungwe Lopatulikitsa: Kupatula chigawo cha ndalama za zoyendera makamaka kaamba ka kuwongolera kwa msinkhu wa bwenzi — monga kukonza njira, kuika benchi, ndi siteshoni ya kampani. Maboma ena, mofanana ndi New York, akhazikitsa “Kupanga m'Malo , ndalama zamalikulu zimene zingatumikire monga zitsanzo.
  • Kulinganiza: Makomiti oimira oimira ambiri. Kufufuza khomo ndi khomo ndi magulu otsogolera m'madera okhala ndi anthu achikulire. Kutsimikizira kuti zigamulo zolakwika zatsekedwa — sonyezani mmene zopanga zawo zimayambukirira.
  • CHEPUS Universal Design Dission Miyezo: [[FLT :1] Malamulo okonza ndi malangizo a misewu olamulira zinthu monga kukwera papulatifomu, kuimika pa benchi, ndi nthaŵi ya pamsewu yoyenerera kwa oyenda pansi pa miyendo ochedwa. Chitani chivomerezo.
  • Foster Public-Privated Frice Frigany: Amalimbikitsa omanga nyumba za anthu kuti azikhala ndi malo oyenda amodzi monga malo a anthu apamtunda, wilo, wilo ya njinga, ndi kuyenda pansi — monga mbali ya ntchito zatsopano zokhala ndi malo ndi malonda pafupi ndi nyumba za achikulire.

Kumaliza

Kuwongolera kuyenda kwa anthu okalamba m’mizinda si chinthu chofunika kwambiri, ndi maziko a mizinda yathanzi, yathanzi, ndi yachuma. Zopinga zimenezi n’zachikulu koma si zosagonjetseka. Mwa zipangizo zoyendetsera, kupezeka ndi kukwera, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zipangizo zamakono, kugwirizana kwa anthu, ndiponso malamulo amphamvu, mizinda ingathandize achikulire kukhalabe okangalika m’mizinda. Beni lililonse loikidwa nthaŵi yaitali, lililonse lomangidwa ndilo lilemerezo la ulemu, kudziimira, ndi kugwirizana kwake. Madzulo, mizinda imene imayenda bwino kwambiri idzakhala yothandiza kwambiri kwa aliyense.