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Kusonyeza Tsankho la Nyengo m’Chilamulo cha Ntchito (ADEA)

Age Discrection in Account Act (ADEA) ndi imodzi ya njira zapadera kwambiri za boma zotetezera antchito a zaka 40 ndi kuposapo. Inalembedwa mu 1967, lamulo linalinganizidwira kuthetsa zopinga zaukalamba zodzifunira pantchito ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za anthu okalamba malinga ndi luso lawo mmalo mwa chaka chawo chobadwa. ADE imagwira ntchito kwa mabwana a antchito okhala ndi anthu 20 kapena kuposa, komanso kwa maboma a boma ndi mayiko, mabungwe a ntchito, mabungwe a antchito, ndi boma.

Tsankho la nyengo likupitirizabe. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Secumity Obbeclief Commission (EOC), milandu ya ukalamba yokhudzana ndi kudandaula kwa anthu pantchito nthaŵi zonse imachititsa kudandaula kwa ntchito. ADEA amapatsa mphamvu antchito achikulire kuti apeze chithandizo pamene alandira chithandizo cholakwika pa ntchito, kuombera, kukweza khutu, malipiro, ndi mikhalidwe ina ya ntchito. Kumvetsetsa mlingo wonse wa matchinjirizo a ADEA, limodzinso ndi mankhwala alamulo omwe alipo, nkofunika kwa aliyense amene akuyendetsa ntchito yawo pambuyo pake.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mozama ufulu wa antchito oposa 40 pa ADEA, kufotokoza za chitetezo chachikulu, kuletsa antchito kudandaula, kusiyapo, ndi njira zothandiza zopeŵera tsankho la ausinkhu wawo.

Malo Otetezera ADEA

Bungwe la ADEA limaletsa kusankhana anthu a zaka 40 kapena kuposa pamenepa chifukwa limalimbikitsa kuti:

  • Kuombera kapena kukana kulipira munthu chifukwa cha msinkhu.
  • Discope Wolembedwa ntchito aliyense chifukwa cha msinkhu.
  • Kusintha ponena za kubwezera, mawu, mikhalidwe, kapena mwaŵi wa ntchito.
  • M'zipangizo, kugawana, kapena kuika antchito pagulu m’njira zimene zimawamanitsa mwaŵi wa ntchito kapena zina kuipitsa mkhalidwe wawo.
  • Tsegulani munthu chifukwa cha kutsutsa msinkhu, kulembetsa mlandu, kapena kutengamo mbali m'kufufuza kapena kupitiriza.

Kalasi Lotetezeredwa: "40 ndi Wamkulu"

ADEA amateteza anthu a zaka zosachepera 40 ndipo amatetezanso antchito achinyamata amene ngakhale antchito ang’onoang’ono sawasamalira chifukwa cha zimene amakonda.

Kuchepetsa Machiritso

ADEA imafotokoza mfundo ziwiri zikuluzikulu zokhudza tsankho:

  • Kuchiritsa kodzikhululukira: Pamene bwana mwadala achitira dala wolembedwa ntchito wachikulire mochepera chifukwa cha msinkhu. Mwachitsanzo, bwana akukana wofunsira woyeneretsedwa chifukwa chakuti iwo ali "aaakulu kwambiri.
  • Chiyambukiro chopatula: [[FLT :1] Pamene lamulo la wolemba ntchito losaloŵerera m'nkhope kapena kuchitapo kanthu mopambanitsa kuvulaza antchito okalamba, pokhapo ngati lamulolo lazikidwa pa chinthu china choyenera kuposa msinkhu. Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha zaka zoŵerengeka za chidziŵitso zimene zimachotsa antchito okalamba mwachipambano zingatsutsidwe kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chopatutsa.

Zimene Olemba Ntchito Sangachite Pansi pa ADEA

Kuphatikiza pa malamulo amene anthu ambiri amaletsa, anthu amaletsa anthu kuchita zinthu zinazake.

Kubisa ndi Kubwezera

  • Kukana kulembetsa wofunsirayo chifukwa chakuti iwo ali ndi zaka zoposa 40.
  • Kutchula zaka zimene munthu amakonda kapena zimene amalephera kuchita potsatsa malonda a ntchito kapena zinthu zina, kusiyapo ngati msinkhu uli woyenerera kugwira ntchito (BFOQ).
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a ntchito imene imapima kwambiri anthu okalamba popanda chifukwa chogwirira ntchito.

Kulimbikitsa ndi Kupita Patsogolo

  • Kukana kukwezedwa kwa antchito achikulire ndi kutsata antchito achichepere, odziŵa zinthu pang’ono mosasamala kanthu za ziyeneretso zofanana kapena zapamwamba.
  • Kutsatira maprogramu a "kufulumira" amene amachotsapo antchito okalamba.

Kupindula ndi Zofunika

  • Anthu okalamba salandira malipiro ambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yofananayo chifukwa cha ukalamba.
  • Komabe, bungwe la ADEA lili ndi makonzedwe apadera okhudza kukonza njira zoperekera chithandizo cha munthu adakali wamng’ono ndiponso kugwirizana ndi malamulo ena monga a Elder Works Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA).

Kuchotsa Malamulo ndi Kuchotsa

  • Kukopa wantchito chifukwa cha ukalamba, kuphatikizapo kutuluka m’njira yomangirira (kupangitsa mikhalidwe yosapiririka imene imathetsa mphamvu).
  • Kusankha antchito okalamba ochotsa ntchito pamene akusunga antchito achichepere osakulirapo kapena okhoza bwino m’kuchepetsa mphamvu (RIF).
  • Kupatsa anthu amene afika popuma pantchito zinthu zimene zimakakamiza anthu okalamba kuti asiye ntchito mosafuna.

Kuvutitsidwa ndi Kuvutitsidwa ndi Kusoŵa Ntchito

ADEA amaletsanso kuvutitsidwa ndi amisinkhu imene imayambitsa mkhalidwe waudani wantchito. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo nthabwala zonyodola ponena za msinkhu, ndemanga zonyoza (m’chitsanzo, "waukalamba," "kufa"), kapena kusapezeka pamisonkhano ndi ntchito zina. Khalidwelo liyenera kukhala lowopsa kapena lofala mokwanira kusinthira malo antchito ndipo liyenera kukhala losakondweretsa.

Kupeza Zoyenera pa Ntchito ndi Kudandaula: Kudandaula

Munthu amene amagwira ntchito imene imakhulupirira kuti anthu ena amawasala chifukwa cha msinkhu wake ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga.

Kuweruza ndi EEOC

  • Diadline : Mlandu uyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa masiku 180 a ntchito yoimbidwa yopatula. M'maumboni okhala ndi lamulo la msinkhu wosankhana ndi bungwe loikidwa la boma (maboma), nthaŵi imakhala masiku 300.
  • Kract:[[FLT ] EOC idzachita kafukufuku mlandu, kuyesa kuyankha, ndipo kaya kutulutsa kalata yoyenerera yofikira ku nyukiliya kapena kusankha kujambula mndandanda wa antchito.
  • Kubwezera: N’kwalamulo kuti bwana abwezere antchito chifukwa cholemba mlandu, kugwirizana ndi kufufuza, kapena tsankho la msinkhu wotsutsa.

Malamulo a Mseri

Atalandira chikalata chodzera ku kumanja kuchokera ku EEOC, wantchitoyo angalembe mlandu m'khoti la boma. Mamembala pansi pa ADEA akuphatikizapo:

  • [[FUL:0] Kubwerera kumbuyo malipiro ndi mapindu otayika (ndi chiwongola dzanja).
  • Kumasulira [ kapena malipiro akutsogolo ngati kubwezeretsedwa sikungatheke.
  • [[MTL:0] Zowonongeka zochitidwa dala (malipiro apambuyo oŵirikiza) ngati kuswa kwa womlemba ntchito kunali dala.
  • Ndalama za Attorney [[[FL:1] ndi mtengo wa litigasi.
  • Kuthandiza wolemba ntchitoyo kuti asinthe malamulo oletsa tsankho.

Komabe, ADEA siilola kuwonongedwa kwa zowawa za kupsinjika maganizo kapena kulangidwa m’milandu yapamseri, mosiyana ndi mlandu wa Thit VII wa Chilamulo cha ufulu wachibadwidwe.

Zofunika ndi Kuwaganizira Mwapadera

ADEA imaphatikizapo kusagwira ntchito m’malo angapo kumene kumachititsa anthu kukhala osiyana misinkhu pa zinthu zochepa.

Kuthandiza Anthu Odwala Matenda Oopsa (BFOQ)

Wolemba ntchito angasiyane malinga ndi msinkhu ngati angatsimikizire kuti ukalamba ndi "kuyenerera kwa ntchito kwamphamvu koyenera kugwiridwa ntchito kwa ntchito yanthaŵi zonse ya bizinesi yakutiyakuti". Izi ndizo zopatula. Makhoti azindikira kuti BFOQ m'nkhani zokhudza kutetezeka kwa anthu, monga zaka zokakamiza za oyendetsa ndege (a zaka 65 pansi pa malamulo a FAA), akuluakulu a boma, ndi omenyera moto. Wolemba ntchito ayenera kusonyeza kuti anthu onse kapena makamaka pa msinkhu winawake sangathe kugwira ntchitoyo bwino.

Njira Yotsogola ya Ukalamba

Olemba ntchito angaone kuti pali njira yopezera anthu achikulire amene sakufuna kuti antchito asiye ntchito chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo.

Zifukwa Zoyenera Kuposa Zaka Zathu (RFOA)

M’nkhani zosemphana ndi zimene zingakhudze munthu, bwana angateteze lamulo limene lili ndi chiyambukiro chokulirapo pa antchito okalamba mwa kusonyeza kuti kachitidweko kali kozikidwa pa chifukwa choyenera osati msinkhu.

Kukonzekera Kupuma Pantchito

Makonzedwe oterowo ayenera kuperekedwa kwa antchito oyenera kupatsidwa mwaufulu, ndipo makonzedwewo ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika za wogulitsa ndi kutulutsa madandaulo. Olembedwa ntchito ayenera kupatsidwa masiku osachepera 21 kuti alingalire za kupuma pantchito (masiku 45 kaamba ka kutuluka kwa gulu) ndi masiku 7 kuti achotsedwe.

Malamulo a M’dzikolo: Zitetezero Zowonjezereka

Pamene ADEA ikupereka mfundo yokulirapo, mayiko ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo a tsankho a msinkhu wawo amene amapereka chitetezo champhamvu. Malamulo ena a boma a zaka zonse, osati 40 ndi kupitirira, ndipo ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa olemba ntchito aang'ono. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo California Fair Works and Hosle Act (FEHA), New York State Human Rights Law, ndi New York City Human Rights Law. Ogwira ntchito m'malamulo ameneŵa angafune kuti boma ndi lamulo la boma ndi la boma la boma, kaŵirikaŵiri apeze zikole zapamwamba ndi malamulo a kuchepetsa malire.

Kuli koyenera kufunsa loya wa ntchito wozoloŵerana ndi malamulo akutiakuti a boma la wolembedwa ntchito, popeza kuti kukambitsirana pakati pa lamulo la boma ndi la boma kungakhale kocholoŵana.

Njira Zothandiza kwa Olembedwa Ntchito Oposa 40 Zotetezera Ufulu Wawo

Kuwonjezera pa kupatsidwa chilolezo chalamulo, antchito okalamba angayesetse kulemba ndi kuletsa tsankho la msinkhu.

Kulemba Zonse

  • Muzikhala ndi ndandanda ya mmene ntchitoyo iyenera kuyendera, kuvomereza, kulandira mphoto, ndi kuyamikira.
  • Musamalembe makalata, ntchito, kapena kulemba mawu osonyeza kuti munthu ndi wachikulire, wanthabwala, kapena wopotoza mawu a akuluakulu kapena anzake.
  • Pangano lija lifotokozeni mmene antchito achinyamata amene sanaphunzire kwambiri anachiritsidwira bwino, kukwezedwa pantchito, kapena kupeza mwayi wochita zinthu zina.

Alongo Amalankhulana

  • Kusamalira ntchito ya foni mwamsanga ndi polemba kuti apeŵe kuwona kukhala kochepa kwa kukhoza.
  • Pemphani chigamulo ndi kuyembekezera zinthu zomveka bwino, makamaka ngati mwachitapo kanthu kuti muwongolere.

Lipoti Limadetsa Nkhaŵa Mkati

Kuchitira lipoti tsankhu la HR kapena kudzera mwa munthu wina wodziwika kuti ndi wodalirika, sikumangopatsa bwana mpata wokonza vutolo komanso kumathandiza kutsimikizira kuti wolembedwa ntchitoyo akutsutsa chithandizocho.

Funsani Uphungu Walamulo Padakali Posachedwa

Ngati wantchito alingalira kuti akuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha msinkhu, kufunsa loya wa ntchito asanapereke zinenezo za boma kungathandize kusunga umboni ndi kutsimikizira kuti nthaŵi ya kukwaniritsa zipambano za tsikulo ikukwaniritsidwa. EEOC iri ndi windo loikika la masiku 180 / 300, ndipo kuiphonya kungapereke chinenezo.

Lamulo Lapadera ndi Zochitika Zaposachedwapa

Kumvetsetsa milandu yosadziŵika bwino kumathandiza kumveketsa bwino mmene makhoti amatanthauzira ADEA.

Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri ndi ADEA

  • Gross v. FBL Financial Service , Inc. (2009): Muyezo wamakono wa milandu ya mitu yophatikizana pansi pa ADEA. Khotilo linatsutsa kuti wofufuza ayenera kutsimikizira kuti ukalamba ndiwo "koma chifukwa" wa kuyambitsa vuto, osati chifukwa chosonkhezera chabe.
  • Mayam v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (2008): M'nkhani yosiyana, bwana amasenza mtolo wa kutsimikizira kuti ntchitoyo inali yozikidwa pa chinthu china choyenera osati msinkhu.
  • Madongosolo a kupuma pantchito ndi EEOC (2008): Khoti linagamula kuti makonzedwe opunduka amene amagwiritsira ntchito ukalamba monga chochititsa samakhala kupulupudza kokha ngati atumikira zolinga zoyenerera zopindulitsa.

Malangizo a Posachedwapa a M’nkhalango ndi Kukakamiza

EEOC yatulutsa zinthu zopangidwa bwino pa [FLT :0] tsankhu lapachaka, kuphatikizapo mapepala a RIF ndi zisonkhezero zaufulu za ntchito. M'nyengo yamakono ya antchito, EEOC yayamba kufufuza "authorist" kutsatsa ntchito ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zingaulule mosadziŵa antchito achikulire. Olemba ntchito amaŵerengeredwa mowonjezereka chifukwa cha madiscrimination a a alphalitive.

Tsankho la Nyengo m’Masiku Ano: Chisalungamo ndi Kunyenga

Imodzi ya nkhani zodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri m'malamulo aukalamba ndiyo kugwiritsira ntchito luntha lopanga (AI) ndi zipangizo zoyendera. Olemba ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a umunthu, kufunsa mafunso a pa vidiyo, kapena kutulukiranso ma algorithm angasankhire mosazindikira anthu okalamba otsatiridwa ndi zaka za kumaliza maphunziro, masiku omaliza maphunziro, kapena malankhulidwe. Olemba ntchito a EOC apereka chithandizo chaluso pankhani imeneyi, akutchula kuti ali ndi udindo wokhazikitsa zida zawo za AIP mogwirizana ndi ADEA, ngakhale ngati chidacho chapangidwa ndi gulu lachitatu. Audindo achikulire amene amakayikira kuti anapimidwa ndi a ndandanda ya ndandanda ya pulogalamu ayenera kulembapo ndi kufunsa loyankhuni.

Akuti Anyani Akhala ndi Manda ndi Zotulutsidwa

Pamene antchito okalamba achotsedwa ntchito kapena kulandira kupuma pantchito mwamsanga, iwo amapemphedwa kusaina wowalemba ntchito kuchotsa madandaulo onse amtsogolo, kuphatikizapo ADEA. Owa amalamulidwa molunjika pansi pa [[FLT: 0] Olders Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) [1] Malamulo akuphatikizapo:

  • Wowawayo ayenera kulembedwa m’chinenero chosavuta kumva.
  • Wolembedwa ntchitoyo ayenera kulandira chidziŵitso chachindunji ponena za gulu la antchito oyambukiridwa (olephera kupanga chosankha) ngati ali mbali ya gulu lotuluka.
  • Wolembedwa ntchitoyo ayenera kupatsidwa masiku osachepera 21 kuti alingalire za kachilombo kotchedwa waiver (masiku 45 kuti gulu lituluke) ndi masiku 7 kuti akachotsedwe pambuyo posaina.
  • Wokana ufulu wa kukana kapena amene amati amatuluka pambuyo pa tsiku limene wasaina.

Ngati wokanayo alephera kukwaniritsa zofunika zimenezi, ndiye kuti palibe kanthu, ndipo wantchitoyo anganenebe kuti ndi ADEA.

Kubwezera: Chitetezo Champhamvu

Malamulo a ADEA oletsa kubwezera amaletsa wolemba ntchito kuchitira ntchito mwankhanza chifukwa cha kuchita ntchito yotetezeredwa. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa mlandu wa EEOC, kutsimikizira, kapena ngakhale kudandaula mwamkati za tsankho la msinkhu. Kubwezerako kungachitike ngakhale ngati tsankho lapanthaŵi yake silinayende bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ngati bwana wantchito waipsa munthu mwamsanga atadandaula za mawu a msinkhu wake, nthaŵi yokha ingayambitse chigamulo champhamvu cha kubwezera.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kaŵirikaŵiri

Kodi wantchito wa zaka zosafika 40 anganene kuti ndi waumisinkhu wapamwamba?

Koma malamulo ena amateteza achinyamata amene amagwira ntchito kuti asamasalidwa chifukwa cha ukalamba.

Kodi ndi lamulo kwa bwana kupempha msinkhu wanga kuti andipemphe ntchito?

Kupempha kuti mulembe fomu kapena kuti mufunse mafunso kumasonyeza kuti mwasankhana.

Bwanji ngati ndivutitsidwa chifukwa cha msinkhu koma osachotsedwa ntchito kapena kutsitsidwa?

Kuvutitsidwa chifukwa cha msinkhu wanu n’koletsedwa ngati kuchititsa kuti ntchito ikhale yovuta, mungaike mlandu pa EEOC ndi kufunafuna mankhwala onga ngati malipiro, kubwezeretsedwa, kapena kutha mphamvu kuti muthetse vutolo.

Kodi pamatenga nthaŵi yaitali motani kuti munthu athetse nthenda ya ADEA?

Kuzenga mlandu kwapamseri kungatenge miyezi ingapo kuti kuzengedwa mlandu.

Kumaliza

Age devolve in Admitted Act imapereka chitetezo chofunika kwa antchito a zaka 40 ndi kuposapo, kutsimikizira kuti zosankha za ntchito zipangidwa moyenerera, osati motsatira malamulo ponena za ukalamba. Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo liri ndi malire ake . monga "koma" muyezo wa kuchotsa ndi kusakhalako kwa antchito okalamba ndi chida champhamvu cholimbanirana ndi kukondera ntchito. Olembedwa ntchito amene amamvetsetsa zoyenera zawo, kuchitiridwa nkhanza, ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga angapangitse olemba ntchitowo kukhala ndi mlandu. Pamene antchitowo akupitirizabe msinkhu ndi luso latsopano lamakono la kulembedwa, ntchito ya ADEAA' ili yofunika kwambiri kuposa kale. ADA' uphungu waumwini, antchito ayenera kufunsana ndi loyankhulitsa ntchito kapena kukumana ndi lolemba ntchito [F:] EFFF:F1 [FFF]