Malo aakulu osankhirapo ndiwo zigamulo zimene zipani za ndale zimasankha otsogolera awo oyenerera pa masankho. Pamene kuli kwakuti masankho aunyinji amasankha amene ali ndi udindo, ma Primes amagamula amene ovotawo amasankha. Kumvetsa mmene mapulogalamu a projekiti, kusintha kwa magawo, ndi ziyambukiro zawo zanthaŵi yaitali pa dziko landale kumapatsa nzikazo kukhala ndi phande m’mbali iliyonse ya dongosolo la voti. Nkhaniyi imapereka kuyang'ana kofala, kosakhala kwapadera — mbiri yawo, masamu, matanthauzo, matanthauzo, ndi mikangano yomangilira.

Kodi Kusankha Koyambirira N’kutani?

Chisankho chachikulu ndicho chisankho chochitidwa m'chipani cha ndale zadziko cha oyembekezera masankho a onse otsatira. Mosiyana ndi chisankho chachisawawa, chimene chimapanga oyembekezera kuchokera ku zipani zosiyana, masukulu ndi mipikisano yapakati pa zipani. Angakhalenso osagawana m'masankho a kumaloko kapena a khoti, kumene omaliza aŵiriwo akupita patsogolo mosasamala kanthu za kugwirizana kwa gulu.

Masitolo amagwira ntchito zambiri:

  • Kusankha: Amachepetsa malo a opikisana ndi chipani chimodzi (kapena, m'madongosolo aŵiri pamwamba, oyembekezera onse).
  • Nyumba ya chigawo: Iwo amaloŵa m'ziŵalo za chipani ndi kuthandiza kulongosola pulatifomu ya chipani mwa kulola ovota kupereka malamulo osankhidwa.
  • Kutengamo mbali kwa democratic : Iwo amapereka mawu apadera kwa nzika wamba posankha atsogoleri, mmalo mwa kusiyira mawu kwa oloŵetsedwamo.

Malamulo olamulira zigawo za anthu amasiyana kwambiri ndi boma, kuphatikizapo amene angavote, mmene nthumwi zimagaŵiridwira, ndi kaya mpikisanowo ngwogwirizana kapena ngwochititsa.

Mbiri Yachidule ya Zisankho Zoyambirira

Chisankho chachikulu ndi kuyambika kwamakono kwa demokrase ya ku America. Kwa mbali yaikulu ya zaka za zana la 19, anthu a m'zipani ankasankhidwa ndi timagulu tating’ono ta anthu apamwamba pa misonkhano yachigawo ndi yachigawo — kawirikawiri kavuto wosokonezeka ndi malonda ndi ziphuphu. Kupita patsogolo kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 kunayambika chifukwa cha njira zoonekera bwino kwambiri, wovota wosankha.

Wisconsin adapanga lamulo loyamba lachindunji mu 1903 pansi pa Bwanamkubwa Robert La Follette . Maboma ena adatsatira mwamsanga, ndipo pofika ma 1920 ambiri anatenga mtundu wina wa chisankho chachikulu. Komabe, ma primendrial oyambirira ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri sanali kugwirizanitsa “mipikisano yapadera” imene sinalamulire kugaŵira anthu. Democratic National Convention inakhaladi posinthira: kutsendereza kwa ku Vietnam pakati pa gulu lapamwamba ndi udzu. Poyankha, McGovern-Fraser Commission Reformation Resource Democratic Party, ikufuna kuti nthumwino zoikidwazosankhidwa kupyolera poyera, zopanga zigawo. Zimenezi zinasonkhezera kukwera kwa masankhoti aakulu ndi ofufuza.

Lerolino, boma lililonse limagwiritsira ntchito chisankho chachikulu kapena choika nthumwi kugaŵira nthumwi za kuikidwa kwa pulezidenti, ndipo ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito maprinsigalamu a boma ndi kutchulanso maina a kumaloko.

Mitundu Yoyambirira ya Zosankha

Malamulowo angayambukire modabwitsa zimene opita patsogolowo amamva ndi mmene amakhudzira zimenezo.

Kutsegulira Malo Otseguka

Posankha anthu onse, wovota aliyense wovomerezeka angaloŵe nawo m’gulu lalikulu la chipani chilichonse, mosasamala kanthu za amene ali pa chipani. Anthu amasankha chisankho cha chipani chimene angafune akafika pa mavoti. Dongosololi limalimbikitsa anthu odziimira okha kuti aloŵe nawo ndipo limalola ovotawo kudutsa ndi kusonkhezera chipani chotsutsacho.

Zifukwa: Chosankha chachikulu chovota, kukwera, ndi kupotoza kochepa. Zikalata: Upandu wa “kusintha,” kumene mamembala a gulu limodzi amavotera m'gulu linalo kuti achotse munthu wofooka.

Malo Otsekeredwa

Osankha okha amene ali ovomerezeka pa chipani chimenecho ndi lamulo lotsekereza.

Zonena: imatetezera njira ya kujoketsa munthu kuchokera ku kusokonezeka kwa kunja; imatsimikizira kuti mineine imasonyeza zikondwerero za ziŵalo za chipani choikidwiratu. Makonte: Kuphatikiza mbali yaikulu ndi yomakula ya osankhira — odziimira — ndipo angatulutse odzipereka kwambiri.

Malo Osungiramo Asunamo Otsekeredwa

Ndiponso odziŵika monga ma primie, madongosolo otsekeredwa osagwirizanitsidwa amalola ovota kusankha amene chipani chachikulu chiyenera kuvota, koma ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa ziyenera kuvota m’choyambirira cha chipani chawo.

Zonena: Kulinganiza kwa chipani ndi kulephera kwa odziimira. Zikalata: [ Kusiyabe ovota ndi chipani china pokhapo ngati sasintha mayanjano asanafike nthaŵi yoikidwiratu.

Kutsegula Mapiri

Mofanana ndi kutsekedwa kwa kamodzi, koma pano wovota aliyense angasankhe kuti ndi pati amene angaloŵemo, ngakhale ngati alembetsedwe ndi chipani china — ngakhale kuti iwo angafunikire kulengeza poyera chosankhacho pamalo opangidwira. Kusiyana ndi chinthu chachikulu chotseguka bwino kuli kochenjera ndipo nthaŵi zina kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mosinthana.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Amalephera Kusunga Malo Okha Okhala Pamalo Opanda Malo Okha?

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ku California, Washington, ndi Nebraska, dongosolo limeneli limaika oyembekezera onse — mosasamala kanthu za chipani — pa chisankho chimodzi chachikulu. Opanga mavoti aŵiri, ngakhale ngati onse aŵiriwo ali ochokera ku chipani chimodzi, akupita patsogolo ku chisankho cha onse.

Zonena: [[FLT :1] zimalimbikitsa kusamala; zingachepetse kutsekedwa kwa madzoma. Makhonsi: Akhoza kutseka mapwando achitatu ndipo nthaŵi zina kupanga ofunsira aŵiri kuchokera ku chipani chimodzi, kupatsa ovotera ufulu kwa onse.

Malo Osungiramo Malo Apamwamba

Alaska akugwiritsira ntchito mbali yaikulu yachinayi, kumene oyembekezera anayi otchuka akupitira ku chisankho cha atcheyamani. Dongosolo limeneli limagwirizanitsa kuchuluka kwa otengamo mbali ziŵiri ndi mapindu a wovota wapamwamba.

Boma la Boma la chigawo chakwawo

Prezidenti wa mapulani a boma amagwiritsira ntchito nthaŵi yosiyana — kuyambira February mpaka June wa zaka za chisankho — ndipo amagaŵira nthumwi ku misonkhano ya dzikolo. Boma ndi malo ogona akomweko zimachitika patsiku limodzi, makamaka m’ngululu kapena m’chilimwe, ndipo amasankha mwachindunji oimira ofesi iliyonse.

Mmene Kusankha Kumagwira Ntchito Patsogolo

Kumvetsa zimene anthu amasankha kuti apereke anthu ena, kutchula nthawi yolembera mayeso, ndiponso ntchito ya misonkhano kumathandiza kuti timvetse bwino nkhani imeneyi.

Atumizeni ku malo odzionetsera

M'maprofessor primial, ovota amasankha ofunsira amene kenaka amalandira gawo la nthumwi za pa chipani. Oimira amapatsidwa molingana (chigawo cha wosankhidwayo chimasankha chiŵerengero cha nthumwi zawo) kapena kupyolera mwa onse opambana (wosankha ndi mavoti ambiri amalandira nthumwi zonse). Mipikisano yambiri ya Democraticism imagalamudwa ndi boma. Olamulira ndi a kumaloko amayang'anizana: wosankha ndi mavoti ambiri amapambana kotheratu.

Malamulo Olembedwa m’Malo Osungira Zinthu ndi Akufa

Kuti voti ikhale yaikulu, nzika ziyenera kulembetsedwa ndi boma lawo. M’mayiko osadziwika bwino, ovota ayeneranso kulengeza kuti ali ndi chipani chimodzi. Mayiko ambiri amalola kuti tsiku limodzi lilembetsedwe pa maofesi apamwamba a boma, koma ena amafuna kuti alembetse patapita milungu kapena miyezi ingapo. Kuyang'ana webusaiti ya voti yanu n’kovuta kwambiri.

Kutumizidwa ndi Kutumizidwa kwa Makalata

Pafupifupi boma lirilonse limapereka mtundu wa kuphonya kapena kusanthula makalata kaamba ka mapulasitala. Malamulo amasiyana: ena amafuna chodzikhululukira, ena amalola wovota aliyense kupempha pepala la makalata. M'zigawo zonga Oregon, Colorado, ndi Washington, masankho onse — kuphatikizapo primerimes — amachitidwa mwa kungotumiza makalata.

Maluwa

Maboma ochepa amagwiritsirabe ntchito macaucuse mmalo mwa maprinsial maofesi ena (makamaka Iowa kaamba ka masinthidwe a pulezidenti kufikira posachedwapa). Mabungwe apafupi ndiwo misonkhano yapafupi kumene otengamo mbali amakambitsirana ndi kuvota mwa kusonyeza manja kapena kujambula chinsinsi. Amafunikira kudzipereka kwanthaŵi yaikulu (maora ambiri) ndipo amapanga osankha ambiri oikizidwa ndi ndale zadziko. Maboma ambiri asintha kuchoka ku macaucmus kuti awonjezere kukhala ndi phande ndi kuchepetsa kucholoŵamo mocholoŵana kwa ma pulogalamu.

Chifukwa Chake Kusankha Koyambirira Kuli Kofunika

Upandu umaumba osankha mu November. Wosankha wamkulu angakweze oimira amphamvu; munthu wosapangidwa bwino angatulutse anthu amene sachita chidwi kapena kulephera kusonyeza kusiyana kwa chipanicho.

Zimene Zinachititsa Kuti Aziphunzira

Osankhawo ali ndi mbali ziŵiri zosankhidwa ndi osankhidwa apamwamba kwambiri amene angakope anthu otsata zipani. Kufufuza kwa asayansi andale monga Thad Kousser ndi University of California kukusonyeza kuti maprimmetime 2 okha ndiwo amatsogolera ku akuluakulu osankhidwa.

Chiyambukiro pa Kuyenda kwa Mafunde

Masankho aakulu amachepetsa nthaŵi zonse kusiyana ndi masankho aunduna. M'zaka za pulezidenti, ma aprinsigalamu amapanga avareji pafupifupi 30% ya ovota oyenerera; m'zaka zapakati, angagwe pansi pa 20%. Kutsika kwa mawu kumatanthauza kuti kagulu kakang'ono, kosonkhezeredwa kangatenge chisonkhezero pa zotsatira za kuchotsa mimba. Masinthidwe amene amapanga malo ofikirapo — monga ngati otsegulira ovomerezeka kapena ovomerezeka — angawonjezere kukhala ndi phande.

Kukhudza Mafano a Gulu

Munthu wopikisana angakakamize anthu kuti aone bwino nkhani zogaŵanitsa anthu, zimene kenaka zimakhala mbali ya mawu a chipanicho pa masankho.

Zotsatirapo za Kufalitsa Nkhani ndi Kukonza Ndalama

Mipikisano yoyambirira monga New Hampshire ndi South Carolina imalandira chisamaliro, kupereka mphamvu kapena kuvumbula zofooka. Ndalama nzofunikanso: oyembekezera kukweza ndalama mwamsanga angapulumuke kanema yosathandiza, pamene awo amene amalephera kukumana ndi masunagoge kaŵirikaŵiri amatsika sanafike Lachiŵiri.

Mmene Antchito Angathandizire M’maudindo a Upandu

Kutengamo mbali mokangalika m’masukulu ophunzitsa ndiwo imodzi ya njira zachindunji koposa zosonkhezera masankho.

Lengezani ndi Kupenda Udindo wa Gulu Lanu

Visit your state’s election office website to register or confirm your registration. Note any party affiliation requirements and the deadline to change affiliation before the primary. Some states allow unaffiliated voters to participate in a party’s primary by requesting a ballot on Election Day; others require a change weeks in advance.

Dziŵani Mtundu Wofunika Kwambiri wa Boma Lanu

Kuzindikira kaya ngati boma lanu limakhala lotseguka, lotsekedwa, lotsekedwa, kapena lapamwamba kwambiri kumapangitsa kukhoza kwanu kuvota. Malo osasankhidwa a chigawo afalanso kwambiri kwa makampani a boma ndi zisankho zachiweruzo.

Kufufuza Kumene Kunathandiza

Masankho aakulu kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo opita ku mapulatifomu ambiri ofanana pa pepala. Wopita ku mapulogalamu, ŵerengani nkhani za kumaloko, ndi kupendanso zitsogozo za osankha opanda gawo. Tsatirani ku kuvomereza kwa magulu odalirika ndi magulu odalirika.

Kufulumirirapo Kapena Kutumiza Makalata

Mukhozanso kuvota mwamsanga kuti mupewe mizere yaitali kapena kukangana pa Tsiku la Chisankho. Mayiko ambiri amalola kuti mupemphe pepala lolembera kalata milungu ingapo madzulo a tsiku loyamba.

Kungodzipereka Kapena Kupereka Thandizo

Kusunga foni, kuigwiritsa ntchito, kupezeka pamisonkhano ya m’deralo (makamaka m’maboma a caucus) kungakulitse mawu anu.

Kusuliza ndi Kusintha kwa Zosankha Zawo Zoyambirira

Anthu ena amanena kuti zinthu zimene zikuchitika masiku ano n’zolakwika kwambiri moti anthu sagwirizana ndi demokalase.

Kubwerera Kotsika ndi Kosaima

Monga taonera, kutembenuka kwakukulu kuli kochepa ndipo kumafuna achikulire, olemera, ndi osankha ambiri. Zimenezi zingatulutse anthu amene sasonyeza kusankhidwa kwakukulu. Osintha zinthu amalimbikitsa kupanga tsiku loyamba kukhala holide, kufutukula mavoti papositi, ndi kulembetsa okha ovota kuti awonjezere kuvota.

Kuzungulira Madera a Zigawo

Pa masankho amwambo, kuyendetsa kaŵirikaŵiri kumapanga madera otetezereka kumene kuli koyambirira kokha kumene kuli kofunikira. M'madera otero, wopambana kwenikweni amasankha mopambana, kupereka mphamvu kwa osankhidwa ochepa amene ali ndi phande. Kusintha ndi ntchito za kudziimira kungathandize, koma vutolo likupitirizabe.

Kugwiritsidwa Mwala kwa Maginito Odzidalira

Pafupifupi 40% ya Aamereka amadziŵikitsa kukhala odziimira okha. M'maiko otsekereza, iwo amachotsedwa pa njira yomasulira, ngakhale kuti iwo amasungitsa misonkho kusankho. Otsegulira ochirikiza amanena kuti osankha onse ayenera kukhala ndi chigamulo chosankhira oloŵa, pamene kuli kwakuti ochirikiza chipani chokhulupirika amatsutsa kuti maprimirizirikiti ndi nkhani zachinsinsi.

Mliri wa “Spoiler” M’masiteshoni Aŵiri Apamwamba

Maboma ena, monga Alaska, asankha chivoti chapamwamba ndi chapadera kuti achepetse nkhani imeneyi.

Ndalama M’maakaunti

Ndemanga zazikulu zakhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochokera ku Holy PC ndi magulu a ndalama zakuda kuchita mbali yaikulu. Zimenezi zingaletse nzika wamba kuthamanga ndipo zingaletse njira ya oyembekezera kukonzedwa bwino. Mapangano a zamalonda — monga maprogramu a ndalama zoyendera limodzi — cholinga cha kuchepetsa chisonkhezero cha ndalama zambiri.

Zofunika Zosintha

  • Kutsegulira: Lolani ovota onse kutengamo mbali mosasamala kanthu za chipani.
  • Kuvota kwa kachikwama: Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mu Maine, Alaska, ndi mapulasitala ambiri; kumatsimikizira kupambana kochuluka ndi kuchepetsa kuvota kwapadera.
  • [[NT.0] Khungu: Liwu lina la shirtsies.
  • Kusintha kwakukulu ndi kuvota: Maiko ena (mt., Oregon) amayendetsa mapringi onse ndi makalata, kuwonjezera kutuluka kwa pepala.
  • Asinthani mfundo yaikulu ya dziko: Ndilo lingaliro la kusungitsa mapringrime onse a pulezidenti patsiku limodzimodzilo kuchepetsa kudzaza kwapatsogolo ndi kutsata chisalungamo m'manyuzipepala.

Kusankha Koyambirira Padziko Lonse

Pamene kuli kwakuti mapringia ali otchuka kwambiri mu United States, maiko ena amagwiritsiranso ntchito njira zachindunji za kutchula dzina. Mwachitsanzo, magulu aakulu a Canada amasankha atsogoleri kupyolera m'misonkhano ya utsogoleri imene nthaŵi zina imaphatikizapo mavoti ndi makalata pakati pa ziŵalo. Mayiko angapo a ku Latin America (monga Chile ndi Uruguay) amakhala ndi mapulogalamu otseguka kapena otsekedwa a gulu la anthu a nomineines. Ku Ulaya, masankhoti a m'chipani ali ofala m'maiko ena (m., France’s “primires” kaamba ka zipani zonyamula zigawo za kumanzere). U. — Chokumana nacho chachikulu cha masamu ndi masamu ndi maufumu-bytegotimenti apadera — chikukhalabe chapadera.

Chuma cha Anthu Opanga Zopanga

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chodalirika pa malamulo aakulu a chisankho, masiku oikidwiratu, ndi chidziŵitso cha mbiri yakale, fufuzani magwero otsatirawa a osakhala apartishanti:

Chidziŵitso chachindunji cha boma chapezedwa bwino kuchokera ku ofesi yanu ya chisankho [[FLT: 0].

Kumaliza

Masankho aakulu ndiwo osankhidwa andale ku United States. Amasankha osati kokha amene amawonekera pa pepala la oimba mu November komanso kuti ndi malamulo otani amene amatsutsana ndi amene amapatsidwa mawu. Malamulowo — otsegulira, otseka, aŵiri, kapena caucus — amaumba zotsatirapo mofanana ndi oyembekezera. Mwa kumvetsetsa okonza ndi okangalika, ovota angathandizire kuti ma apringishoni atulutse atsogoleri amene amaimiradi anthu.

Kaya ndinu munthu wa chipani kapena wodzivotera yekha, fufuzani kaye zimene mukufuna kuchita, dziwani malamulo a boma lanu, ndipo ganizirani zoti muvote.