Maboma ndi Kupangidwa kwa Chisamaliro cha Zaumoyo cha American

Boma limakhala ndi makampani aakulu ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a ntchito zaumoyo. Pamene boma limakhazikitsa malamulo aakulu kudzera m'maprogramu onga Medicare ndi Affordcable Care Act, maboma ndiwo otsogolera kwambiri osamalira anthu, oyang'anira zaumoyo wa anthu, kuyang'anira misika ya inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo, ndi kuyang'anira Medicaid . Ntchito zimenezi zimaumba mkhalidwe, mtengo, ndi kupezeka kwa chithandizo cha thanzi chodziŵika ndi mamiliyoni a Aamereka. Kuzindikira mmene zosankhazo zimagwiritsirira ntchito ulamuliro wawo m'midzi yeniyeni . Zimaonetsa chithunzi chowonekera bwino cha makampani a inshuwalansiti, boma la dziko la &817; kuyendetsa zaumoyo.

Kupenda kokulira kumeneku kumaloŵa m’mbali zazikulu zonse, kukumagwiritsira ntchito zitsanzo za boma zenizeni zimene zimasonyeza ponse paŵiri zovuta ndi zinthu zatsopano zimene zimazindikiritsa lamulo la boma la zaumoyo lerolino.

Kuthandiza ndi Kukonzanso Zopereka za Thanzi ndi Zothandiza

Limodzi la maulamuliro aakulu kwambiri a boma ndilo ulamuliro wa kulola ndi kuyang'anira akatswiri a zaumoyo ndi malo amene amagwira ntchito. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo madokotala, manesi, othandiza achipatala, ogulitsa mankhwala, mano, ndi antchito a zaumoyo ogwirizana, limodzinso ndi zipatala, nyumba za opareshoni, malo ochitira opaleshoni, ndi zipatala. Licens amatsimikizira kuti anthu ndi mabungwe azichita maphunziro ocheperapo, maphunziro, ndi chitetezo asanapereke kwa anthu onse. Maboma alinso ndi mphamvu ya kukonza malezalaisensi pamene operekera chithandizo a kumbuyo alephera kukwaniritsa miyezo imeneyo.

Boma lililonse limasunga gulu la mabungwe olemba ntchito, opangidwa ndi mamembala oikidwa a ntchito ndi anthu onse. Mabungwe ameneŵa amakhazikitsa malamulo apamwamba ogwiritsidwa ntchito, amakhazikitsa zofunika za maphunziro zopitirizabe, kupenda madandaulo, ndi kukhazikitsa njira zoperekera chilango. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mayiko m'malamulo ofunikira ndi malamulo otsatizana ndi malamulo audindo kumachititsa malo osiyanasiyana otetezera amene angayambukire chilichonse kuchokera ku mtengo wa chisamaliro cha wodwalayo.

Chitsanzo: Bungwe Loona za Madokotala ku Texas ndi Lopeza Thandizo la Kuyang’anira

Bungwe la Medical Board la Texas lili ndi thayo la kutumiza ndi kulanga madokotala oposa 100,000 m'boma. Ilo limapanga madandaulo zikwi zambiri chaka chilichonse, kuyambira pa zinenezo za kusasamala ndi kulephera kuvomereza machitachita . M’zaka zaposachedwapa, bungwe lapanganso mayeso a kuchuluka kwa milandu yapamwamba ndi kuonekera kowonjezereka pa zochita za chilango. Mwachitsanzo, bungwelo limaika malamulo osungitsa ntchito zosungitsa ntchito ndi kusunga pulogalamu imene imalola odwala kufunsira kwa dokotala Ù limapereka laisensi ndi mbiri. Kuwonekera kwapadera kumeneku kumachirikiza mwachindunji kutetezeka kwa kuleza mtima mwa kupangitsa kupanga zosankha zodziŵika.

Chitsanzo: Chikalata cha Malamulo Ofunika ndi Kuyang’anira

Maiko ena amawonjezera pa malabola osamalira anthu osoŵa. Zolinga zotchulidwazo ndi kuyang'anira kumanga ndi kuwonjezera zipatala kudzera m'malamulo a Treadi of Faith (CON). Maprogramu ameneŵa amafuna kuti mabungwe a zaumoyo apeze chilolezo cha boma asanamange nyumba zatsopano kapena kuwonjezera zipangizo zamtengo wapatali, monga ngati makina a MRI kapena makina othandizira mtima kukonza. Zolinga zolembedwazo ndizo kuyang'anira ndalama za chithandizo cha mankhwala, kupeŵa kuchuluka kwa mautumiki, ndi kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa magawo a anthu onse. North Carolina imayendetsa imodzi ya maprogramumboni a COS yogwira ntchito zambiri m'dzikolo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene dongosolo la chipatala mu Wake County likufuna kukonza opaleshoni, linachita njira yaitali yobwerera ndi Departmentment of South Carolina ya za Unicance ndi kumvetsera kwa anthu, kuphatikizapo kuonetsa kwa anthu ofufuza ndi kuteteza kwa anthu. Otsutsa ntchito za moyo mpikisana kuti asakhale pa mautumiki.

Kuthandiza Anthu Kukhala ndi Thanzi ndi Kuteteza Matenda

Maboma ndiwo maziko a maziko a umoyo wa anthu a dzikolo. Boma lililonse lili ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo imene imayang'anira matenda, imachititsa malaboratori, imayang'anira zolembedwa zofunika, ndi kuyendetsa maprogramu olinganizidwa kuletsa matenda ndi kupititsa patsogolo thanzi. Madipatimenti ameneŵa amagwiritsira ntchito akatswiri a zaumoyo, manesi a anthu, aphunzitsi a zaumoyo, ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo amene amagwira ntchito m'boma ndi m'malo a dzikolo kuti ateteze anthu ku matenda opatsirana ndi okhalitsa.

Mathayo aumoyo wa anthu onse ali aakulu ndipo amaphatikizapo akatemera, amayi ndi ana, fodya ndi mankhwala amagwiritsira ntchito, maprogramu osamalira matenda osatha, kupenda chakudya, ndi kuyankha ku kuyambika kwa zinthu ndi ngozi za malo. Maboma amasonkhanitsa ndi kufalitsa chidziŵitso cha zaumoyo chimene chimadziŵitsa malamulo ndi kugawidwa kwa chuma. Kugwira ntchito kwa maprogramu ameneŵa kumagwirizanitsa mwachindunji ndi zotulukapo za thanzi la anthu a boma.

Chitsanzo: Kuletsa Matenda kwa Chronic Disease kwa Colorado

Colorado wakhala akudziŵika kwa nthaŵi yaitali chifukwa cha njira yake yothandiza kuletsa matenda osatha. Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi Environment imapanga mapulogalamu ogwirizana ochititsa kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, ndi kusagwira ntchito. Chinthu chimodzi chodziŵika ndicho "Healthy Beverage Campaign," yomwe inagwira ntchito ndi zipatala, sukulu, ndi malo antchito kuti ichepetsere kumwa moŵa. Boma ndi mabungwe akumene akuno amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'mafakitale osungidwa ndi a alimi. Mwakugwirizanitsa zakudya, ntchito zamanja, ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo pansi pa mapulogalamu, Colorado lakhoza kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ana olembedwa pa programuyo.

Chitsanzo: Programu ya California yoletsa Fodya

Kuyesayesa kwa boma la California kuletsa fodya kuli pakati pa zoyesayesa zomveka kwambiri ndi zakale m'dzikolo. California Tobacco Control Program, yokhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa ma 1980, imagwiritsira ntchito msanganizo wa manyuzi apamwamba a nyuzi, kuloŵerera kwa chitaganya, ndi malamulo oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya. Programuyi ikuyamikiridwa ndi kuthandiza kuchepetsa ukulu wa kusuta fodya pakati pa dzikolo. Imaika miseche yonga ngati e-cigarettes ndi fodya wokomedwa, ndipo yapereka chichilikizo cha malamulo oletsa kugulitsa fodya pafupi ndi sukulu. Njira za boma zimasonyeza mmene malonda osungidwira m'makedwe a zaumoyo ndi kukonza masinthidwe a kakhalidwe kakhalidwe ka anthu.

Kufufuza Kupeza Inshuwalansi Yathanzi Yosawononga

Ngakhale ndi dongosolo la boma la Affordal Care Act, maboma amakhala ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu pa misika ya inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo ndi kukhoza kuipirira. Maboma angasankhe kuyendetsa misika yawoyawo ya inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo, kulinganiza ndalama za inshuwalansi, kukhazikitsa miyezo yofunika ya thanzi, ndi kusankha kaya ngati angawonjezere Medicaid kwa achikulire olandira ndalama zochepa. Zosankha zimenezi zimakhudza mwachindunji ndalama ndi kupezeka kwa makonzedwe a thanzi a anthu okhala m’dzikolo.

Maboma amene amatsatira misika yawo ali okhoza kulinganiza zopereka, kuchititsa maluso, ndi kulembetsa. Alinso ndi ulamuliro wa kupenda ndi kukana chiŵerengero cha anthu amene amawona kukhala osalingalira. Maboma amene amadalira pa misika ya boma satha kulamulira mapulani ndi chitetezo cha ogula. Kusintha kwa njira za boma kwachititsa mipata yowonjezereka ya kupenda ndi ziyambukiro za thanzi m'dziko lonselo.

Chitsanzo: California ndi Kugula Zinthu Mokangalika

California amagwira ntchito msika wake wozikidwa pa boma, California wofutulidwa, umene wadziŵika kukhala chitsanzo cha dziko lonse cha kugula zinthu. Mmalo mwa kungondandandalika pulani iliyonse imene imakwaniritsa miyezo ya boma, California adaikwaniritsa kampani yokambirana ndi insinsinsinsitive kuti apeze ndalama zotsika, mapulani oyeneretsedwa bwino, ndi madongosolo othandizira. Ilo limagwiritsiranso ntchito mapulani otsatizana omwe amatheketsa ogula kuyerekezera njirazo. Chotulukapocho chakhala chotsimikizirika poyerekezera ndi kukhazikika kwa malamulo odalira pa kusinthana kwa boma, ndi chimodzi cha makampani osatsalirapo pa makampani aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2023, California , wofunsidwa ndi California analengeza kuti 90% ya olembetsa anali ndi mapulani a ndalama pa mwezi umodzi pa mwezi umodzi, chipambano cha boma cha malonda cha malonda a malonda a malonda.

Chitsanzo: Zosankha Zofunika Powonjezera Ntchito Ndiponso Zopinga

ACA anapereka lingaliro la kufutukula Medicaid eliid kwa achikulire okhala ndi malipiro kufika 138% ya mlingo wa umphaŵi wa boma. Pa 2025, maboma 40 ndi Destrict ya Columbia ayamba kufutukuka, pamene kuli kwakuti 10 a maiko sanafutukule. Chigamulochi chachititsa kusiyana kwakukulu m'kupezeka. Kentucky anakulitsa Medicaid mu 2014 pansi pa ulamuliro wa Bwanamkup Steve Besme, kutsogolera kuchepetsa kwakukulu mlingo wosayembekezereka kuchokera pa 20% kufikira 6% ya zaka zochepa chabe. Kukula kwa kuwonjezeka kwa anthu oposa 400,000 olandira mautumiki, ambiri amene sanapezepo chisamaliro chanthaŵi zonse. Bomalo linaona kuwonjezereka m’kugwiritsira ntchito kansa, mapulogalamu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina. Komabe, pamene wolamulirazembani anayesa kuwonjezera ntchito zofunika za ntchito ndi kuwonjezera ntchito kwa anthu, ndipo analephera kutsutsa kumbuyo kwa milandu, ndipo akulephera kuyenderana mlandu.

Kuyang’anira Mapulogalamu a Zaumoyo a M’dziko

Mdicaid ndi programu yogwirizana ya boma, koma maboma ali ndi thayo la kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku kwa maprogramu awo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulembetsa, kuyang'anira ndandanda ya zopereka, kulinganiza, ndi kutsimikizira umphumphu wa programu. Maboma alinso ndi kusinthika kwakukulu kulinganiza maprogramu awo a Medicaid m’zitsogozo za boma, kuwalola kuyesa kusintha dongosolo la zinthu, kulipira zithunzi, ndi kupindula. Kusintha kumeneku kwachititsa kusiyana kwakukulu m'njira imene Mdicaid amalinganizidwira m'dziko lonselo.

Kuwonjezera pa Medicaid, maboma ambiri amayendetsa maprogramu awo a thanzi kaamba ka anthu osayenerera kaamba ka maprogramu a boma. Izi zingaphatikizepo chithandizo cha mankhwala operekedwa ndi boma, kulipira kwa zaumoyo kwa osamukira ku boma mkati mwa nyengo ya zaka zisanu yoyembekezera maprogramu a boma, ndi chithandizo choperekedwa kwa antchito olandira ndalama zochepa. Maprogramu ameneŵa amadzaza mipata ya chitetezero cha boma koma kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala osavuta kutsendereza ndalama za boma.

Chitsanzo: Mabungwe a chisamaliro ogwirizana a Oregon

Oregon wapanga njira yapadera yosamalira Medicaid kupyolera mwa mabungwe ake Ogwirizana Osamalira (CCOS). Yokhazikitsidwa mu 2012 pansi pa bungwe la boma lowawa, CCOOs ndi madongosolo a m'chigawo a osamalira zaumoyo, mabungwe a anthu, ndi mabungwe a ntchito za anthu amene ali ndi thayo la kuchirikiza mwakuthupi, khalidwe, ndi thanzi la mano la Medicaid adayang'anira olembetsa. CCOS amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zapadziko lonse zimene zimawachititsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuti apereketsetsende kuletsa kuloŵera kwa m'madzi ndi kuloŵerera kwa zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, CCO ku Portland amathandiza kuchirikiza nyumba za anthu opanda nyumba zokhala ndi mikhalidwe yosachiritsika, kuzindikira kuti nyumba zokhazikika zimawongothandiza ndi kuchepetsa maulendo owonongetsa ndalama zamwadzidzidzidzi. Ofron & 1717; chitsanzo cha CC chagwirizana ndi kuwongolera kwa zipatala, ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu opirira m'dziko.

Chitsanzo: Texas Medicaid ndi Shift ku Sea - Seed Care

Texas imayendetsa imodzi ya maprogramu aakulu kwambiri a Medicaid m'dzikolo, yophatikizapo ana otsika mamiliyoni asanu olandira, akazi oyembekezera, ndi anthu opunduka. Boma lakhala likusintha kuchokera ku ndalama zothandizira anthu ofunikira kupatsidwa. Mwa njira zake za za Umoyo ku Texas Health Suration and Selution Program, boma lapanga njira yosamalira imene imagwirizanitsa mbali ya pulani ya zaumoyo yochitira zinthu zabwino monga kudyetsera maluso a ana, kuyang'anira chifuwa, ndi chisamaliro cha Beparenpal. Program imaphatikizapo zisonkhetso za ndalama za kuchepetsa ntchito zachipatala ndi kuwongolera. Pamene kuli kwakuti Texas sanakulitse njira zothandizira zoyendera njira za kukonza njira zamakono za UCA, kukonza kumene kumachitirabeditsabe.

Kusintha Njira Yogwirira Ntchito ndi Ukulu Wake

Kungowonjezera pa kugulitsa mankhwala, manyuzipepala alamulira njira za ntchito zaudokotala zosiyanasiyana, zimene zimasankha ntchito zapadera zimene amaloledwa ndi lamulo kuzichita. Malamulo ameneŵa ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la kupezera chisamaliro, makamaka kumadera akumidzi ndi kumene kulibe madokotala ambiri. Kutsutsana pa njira za kachitidwe kaŵirikaŵiri kumakhudza madokotala, othandiza madokotala, ogulitsa mankhwala, ndi akatswiri ena odziŵa zachipatala amene amayesa kuyeseza mokwanira maphunziro awo.

Mayiko ena avomereza njira yokulirapo yopezera ndi kuchepetsa mtengo, pamene ena asunga malamulo oletsa kwambiri amene amafunikira kuyang’anira kapena kugwirizana ndi madokotala. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalandira chisamaliro chachikulu, mautumiki a zaumoyo, ndi chisamaliro chapadera m’madera onse a boma.

Chitsanzo: Odziŵa Ntchito Yake Yokwanira kwa Anamwino Osamalira Anamwino

Pofika 2025, maboma oposa 20 ndi District ya Columbia apatsa madokotala audindo wokwanira, tanthauzo iwo angapende odwala, mikhalidwe yowapima, dongosolo ndi kumasulira mayeso, ndi kutumiza mankhwala opanda uyang'aniro. New York adapanga ulamuliro wonse mu 2022 monga mbali ya kukakamiza kuwonjezera kufikira kwa chisamaliro chachikulu. Mosiyana ndi, Alabama amafuna osamalira kuti asunge pangano logwirizana ndi dokotala woyang'anira, limene lingachepetse malo ndi mmene angachitire. Kufufuza kuchokera ku maiko kumene kwalandira ulamuliro wonse kwasonyeza kuti chiŵerengero cha odwala ochita ntchito m’madera akumidzi akumidzi, nthaŵi zochepa amayembekezera kaamba ka kuikidwa, ndipo samakana kusamala.

Chitsanzo: Kutumiza foni Kumadera Ena a ku United States

Malamulo a boma amasinthanso masinthidwe a ntchito za telehealth. Mliri wa CHOVAD-19, maboma ambiri amachotsa ziweruzo kwakanthaŵi pa telealth ndi kumasula ziyeneretso zokhazikitsa ubale wokhalitsa. Mayiko ena anapanga masinthidwewo chikhalire. Mwachitsanzo, Florida, anakhazikitsa malamulo mu 2023 amene analola kuti pasakhale nthaŵi yaitali pa telehealth kuyendera malo amodzi popanda kuyendera malo ambiri, pamene kuli kwakuti afunanso kuti woperekayo akhazikitse kukambitsirana kwa nthaŵi yeniyeni ya kumvetsera. Bomalo linalozanso kugwirizanitsa kutsendekera kwa mamenti a ku chipatala, kumene kumayendera njira ya kupeza laisensi m'maiko ambiri. Zosankha zimenezi zikhoza kukhudza ngati kuyang’ka ndi kuyang’anira koleza m’madera akutali kwa anthu akumidzi. [FFF:]

Kukonzekera Mwadzidzidzi ndi Kuyankha Mwamwayi

Maboma ndiwo njira yoyamba yotetezera matenda oopsa, kuyambira pa kuyambika kwa matenda opatsirana ndi masoka achilengedwe mpaka kuopseza kwa uchigaŵenga. Boma lililonse lili ndi bungwe loyang’anira zangozi limene limakonzekera ndi kukonza mavuto. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kusunga miyulu ya mankhwala, kukhazikitsa malamulo othandizira pakagwa tsoka, ndi kuyang’anira ntchito ya antchito a zaumoyo ndi chuma.

Mliri wa Chovid-19 unagogomezera mbali yaikulu ya maboma poyankha mwadzidzidzi. Maboma anapanga zosankha ponena za kutsekedwa, kutsekedwa kwa sukulu, malamulo a kubisa, kupima, katemera asanakhazikitsidwe, ndi kuyang'anira chipatala. Kugwira ntchito kwa mayankhidwe ameneŵa kunali kosiyanasiyana kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa dongosolo la zaumoyo la boma, maulamuliro, ndi mphamvu za ndale zadziko.

Chitsanzo: Washington State’ Kulabadira Koyambirira kwa COVID - 19

Washington State inali boma loyamba m'dzikolo kudziŵikitsa nkhani ya kuulutsidwa kwa bungwe la Chovid-19, ndipo yankho lake linakhala lotsatira za maboma ena. Dipatimenti ya boma la Washington ya Zaumoyo inagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo a zaumoyo a kumaloko ndi bungwe la United States Centers for Disease Control ndi Prevention kuti ithe kuyesa mwamsanga, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopimira, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo odzipatula. Bomalo linapanganso lamulo logwirizana lomwe linalola kuti zinthu ziperekedwe. Washington ̱ kuyendetsa ndalama m'makompyuta ndi makompyuta zina zina zinathandiza kuti liyese mwamsanga kuposa mayiko ena ambiri, ndipo njira yake yolankhulana bwino inachititsa anthu kudalira anthu pa miyezi yosadziwika bwino ya mliri.

Chitsanzo: California’ a Emergency Medical Service Authority and Display

California ̱ Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA) ndi amene ali ndi thayo la kugwirizanitsa zipatala za boma̱ ndi mankhwala okhudza masoka, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwa moto, zivomezi, ndi ngozi za anthu. Mu 2023, pamene mphepo zamkuntho zoopsa kwambiri zinagwetsa madzi ndi kugwedezeka kwa matope m’mabwinja ambiri, EMAMATED , kugwirizanitsa zipatala za m'magalimoto zoyendera m'magalimoto, zoyendera kuwonongeka kwa zipatala, ndi kuyang'anira ntchito ya zamankhwala. Bungweli limasungitsanso programu ya California Medicalviation Tease, njira ya zamankhwala ya mwamsanga imene ingapangidwe kuti zipatale kapena malo a zaunjika panthaŵi yamwadzidzidzi. Zipatala zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti boma likhoza kuthandizira mwamsanga ku zithandiro zachilengedwe ndi matenda opangitsa.

Kumaliza: Ntchito Yosatha ya Maboma ndi Yosinthasintha

Maboma sangokhala oyang'anira maprogramu a boma kapena a alangizi a zaumoyo. Iwo ali opanga malamulo, ogula, ndi olinganiza amene zosankha zawo zimaumba mbali iliyonse ya dongosolo la zaumoyo la America. Kuchokera ku mabungwe oika miyezo yapamwamba ku mabungwe a Medicaid amene amalinganiza njira zoperekera katundu, amalamulira kuti apange ulamuliro wosankha ngati nzikazo zili ndi mphamvu, chisamaliro chapamwamba. Zitsanzo zofotokozedwa panozi, kuyambira California ̱ Fodya fodya amalamulira Oregon & #817; Agulu la Ogwirizana ndi Kusamalira ku Washington ̱ miliri ya kuyankha kwa onse aŵiriwo a mphamvu ya boma ndi zothekera pa chigawo.

Pamene ntchito zaumoyo zikusintha, maboma adzakhalabe ofufuza njira zopimira malamulo. Zosankha zimene amachita ponena za kufutukuka kwa Medicaid, kuzoloŵera, kuyendetsa bwino zaumoyo wa anthu, ndi kuyang'anira za inshuwalansi zidzapitirizabe kuyambitsa maphunziro a dziko lonse. Kumvetsa udindo wa boma umenewu n’kofunika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuyendetsa kapena kuwongolera njira zothandizira anthu a ku America.