Chiyambi cha Malamulo a United States ndi chimodzi cha ndime zodziŵika kwambiri ndi zosintha m'moyo wa ndale zadziko. Mawu ake oyamba, " Ife Anthu," "[FLT ,1] tamvedwa m'makalasi, makhoti, ndi madera a anthu kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri. Komabe mawu ake oyambawo ndi otchuka kwambiri kuposa chiyambi cha mwambo. Ndi mawu a ntchito, chilengezo cha chifuno, ndi chikumbutso cha moyo cha mfundo zazikulu zimene zikupitirizabe kuumba mtunduwo. Kumvetsetsa mawu ake mozama, mawu ake a mbiri yakale, ndi othandiza kwa nthaŵi yaitali, chifukwa chake Pregaylease imakhalabe magwero a umodzi ndi chiyembekezo kwa anthu a ku America lerolino.

Mawu Oyambirira

Asanaloŵe m’madzi, n’kofunika kuti mawu onse a mawu otsegulira a m’bukuli azikhala m’maganizo mwanu.

[1] Ife Anthu a ku United States, mwa Kulinganiza kupanga Union wangwiro kwambiri, kukhazikitsa Chilungamo, kutsimikizira kusoŵa kwa banja, kupereka chitetezo chofala, kuchirikiza Universali, ndi kutetezera Madalitso a Ufulu wathu ndi Mapindu athu, kuika ndi kukhazikitsa Malamulo a United States of America.

Chiganizo chimodzi chimenechi, chopangidwa ndi mawu 52, chimakwaniritsa zambiri. Chimazindikiritsa magwero a ulamuliro (" Ife Anthu" ), kundandalika zonulirapo zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi kulongosola chifuno chothera cha maziko onse a malamulo. Mbali iriyonse iri ndi tanthauzo lalikulu.

Kuswa vesi [[MLT]" Ife Anthu" [[Mbali:1]

Ulamuliro Wachisawawa Ukugwira Ntchito

Mbali yosinthira kwambiri ya Pretgee ndi mfundo yake yotsegulira yakuti ulamuliro wa boma umachokera kwa anthu, osati kwa mfumu, gulu lolamulira, kapena ngakhale maboma. Lingaliro limeneli, lodziŵika monga uchifumu wotchuka kwambiri [1] , linali lofuna ulamuliro wa anthu m’zaka za zana la 18. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Amereka, ulamuliro unalingaliridwa kukhala m'maufumu kapena m'mabanja. Mwa kuika "Ife Anthu" pachiyambi penipa, opanga mafaelo analengeza kuti boma latsopano lidzakhala cholengedwa cha nzika.

Kodi Ndani Anaphatikizidwapo (53) ndi Amene Sanatero

Ndithudi, mawu " Ife anthu sitinapatulidwe ndi miyezo yamakono. M’chaka cha 1787, anthu amene anakhoza kuvota kapena kukhala ndi udindo anali oyera kwambiri, amuna eni katundu. Akazi, akapolo a ku Africa, Eni America, ndi azungu osakhala oyenera kulowa m'ndale. Komabe, chilankhulo chonse chinapanga muyezo wamphamvu. M’zaka mazana ambiri, magulu a kuletsa, ufulu wa akazi, ndi ufulu wa kuvota, onse achita [[FLT:] Ife anthu] kupempha kuti lonjezo la kulowa m’dzikomo likhaledi. Monga momwe katswiri wa maphunziro wa za . [FOLT: FFFF:]

Zolinga Zisanu ndi Chimodzi za Chiyambi cha Nkhaniyi

Chiyambi cha bukuli chikusonyeza zolinga zisanu ndi chimodzi zimene malamulowo anakonzera kuti akwaniritse. Cholinga chilichonse chili ndi nkhani za m’mbiri ndiponso mmene zinthu zamakono zikugwirira ntchito.

1. [[ML:0]" Fm a systructual Union" [[Kusintha:1]

Pansi pa Nkhani za Confederation (1781-1789), mabomawo anatumikira monga mgwirizano wochepa ndi boma lalikulu lofooka. Malamulowo anali osakhala angwiro . Ilo silinkakhoza kukhazikitsa misonkho, kuyang'anira malonda, kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo mogwira mtima. Mawu akuti "kugwirizana kwangwiro kwambiri" anavomereza kuti makonzedwe omwe analipowo anali olakwika ndi ofunika kuwongokera. Opanga mapanganowo anayesetsa kukhazikitsa boma lolimba pamene akulemekezabe boma. Lerolino, cholinga cha mgwirizano wangwiro kwambiri sichikupitirizabe kuyambitsa mikangano yokhudza ufulu wa boma, umodzi wa dziko, ndi mmene angagonjetsere magaŵano andale. Monga momwe Justice Coust Coust Court Anthony Kennedy analembera m’kaganizo mu 1995, mfundo yakuti malamulo "asonyeza chikhulupiriro changwiro cha Aframe chingafikire kupyola pa malire onse aŵiriwo ndi mphamvu zake.

2. [[MLT:0]" Chiweruzo chaching'ono"

Chilungamo chinali chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu pambuyo pa Chisinthiko. Olamulira a dziko ambiri anavutika ndi zimene anawona kukhala dongosolo lalamulo lopanda chilungamo la Britain. Chiyambi cha Phunziro chinafuna jaji yolungama ndi yopanda tsankho, lamulo, ndi kuchitiridwa mofanana pansi pa lamulo. Lamulo linakhazikitsa dongosolo la khoti la boma, kuphatikizapo Bwalo Lapamwamba, ndipo linatsimikizira zoyenera zonga ngati habeas corpus ndi kuzenga mlandu kwa ajuli. M’zaka za zana la 21, mawu akuti "Cristial Justice" amapemphedwa kaŵirikaŵiri m'nkhani zonena za kukonzanso chilungamo, fuko, ndi kufika ku ku kuimira kwa lamulo. Mawuwo akukumbutsa anthu a ku America kuti chilungamo si kupambana kochitidwa koma nkhondo yopitirizabe.

3. [[ML:0]" Kutha kwa banja"

Ma 1780 anali ndi zipwirikiti, kuphatikizapo Shays' Reurage (1786-87), chipanduko cha zida cha alimi a ngongole ku Massachusetts. Boma la boma pansi pa Nkhanizo silinathe kukhazikitsa gulu lankhondo kuti litsendereze chipanduko, limene linakhutiritsa atsogoleri ambiri kuti boma lamphamvu linali lofunika. "Kukhazikika kwa dziko" kunatanthauza mtendere wa mkati ndi dongosolo, komanso kukhoza kuletsa chipwirikiti. Lerolino, cholinga chimenechi chikusonyezedwa ndi ntchito ya boma yosamalira chitetezo cha onse, kuyankha ku masoka achilengedwe, ndi kuyendetsa mavuto a anthu. Imabutsanso mafunso okhudza kulinganiza pakati pa chisungiko ndi ufulu wa anthu.

4. [[ML:0]" Projekiti ya chitetezo chofala"

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, United States inayang'anizana ndi ziwopsezo za ku Ulaya ndi maiko a Eni America. Nkhondo yogwirizana inaonedwa kukhala yofunika kuti ipulumuke. Malamulo anapatsa Congress mphamvu yokhazikitsa magulu ankhondo, kupanga gulu lankhondo, ndi kuyambitsa nkhondo. "Common chinjirizo" inatanthauza kuti mtundu wonse udzagaŵana mtolo wa chisungiko, mmalo mwa kuwusiyira ku maiko ena. Lerolino, cholinga chimenechi chimalimbikitsa bajeti ya U.S., pangano la NATO, ndi kapangidwe ka magulu kankhondo. Mawuwa amatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri m'matsutsana pa malamulo a zachitetezo ndi kuloŵerera kwa nkhondo.

5. [[ML:0]" fotokozani Chitukuko chachisawawa" [

Mawu ameneŵa agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ena amatsutsa kuti boma lizitsatira malamulo a chikhalidwe ndi a zachuma; ena amaliŵerenga monga malire a ulamuliro wa boma. M'mbiri, mawu onse ochirikiza ubwino wa anthu agwiritsiridwa ntchito kulungamitsa maprogramu onga Social Security, Medicare, ndi ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito. James Madison analemba Federal List No. [kapena kuti] ubwino wa onse" unatanthauza ubwino wa mtundu wonsewo, osati zikondwerero za dera lililonse kapena gulu. Mawuwo adakali apakati pa nkhani za ndale zadziko zonena za ntchito za boma zopititsa patsogolo chuma ndi thanzi la anthu.

. . . . . Kusungani Madalitso a Ufulu kwa ife eni ndi Ufulu wathu"

Chonulirapo chomalizira nchaumwini ndi cha mbadwo wa . "Madalitso a Ufulu" amalozera ku ufulu ndi ufulu zimene Malamulo amatetezera, monga ngati ufulu wa kulankhula, chipembedzo, ndi njira zoyenerera. Kuphatikizidwa kwa "Kutsatira Kwathu" kumasonyeza kuti opanga mafomuwo anali kuganiza za nthaŵi yawoyawo. Iwo anafuna kuti Malamulo akhalebe kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo. Malingaliro oyang’anira patsogolo ameneŵa asonkhezera Amereka kutetezera ndi kufutukula ufulu wa onse, kuphatikizapo awo amene sanabadwe. Mawuwo akuwonekera m'zindikiro zachiweruzo, nkhani za prezidenti, ndipo ngakhale m'madzo pamene nzika zatsopano zikulumbira kutsa Ulamulo.

Uthenga wa Umodzi

Umodzi wapangidwa m'chinenero ndi kakonzedwe ka . Kachitidwe kolengeza kuti "Ife Anthu" mmalo mwa "Ife Maboma" kanagogomezera chizindikiritso chimodzi cha mtundu. Zonulirapo zisanu ndi chimodzi zonse nzaunyinji: izo zimalankhula kwa zimene mtundu wonse uyenera kukwaniritsa, osati zimene munthu aliyense kapena chikhumbo chake. Kugogomezera kumeneku pa umodzi kunali kuvomereza mwachindunji kutsata kwa nyengo ya Chigwirizano. Opangawo anadziŵa kuti popanda cholinga chimodzi, dzikolo likagwa.

Umodzi sumatanthauza kufanana. Predge imazindikira kuti kugwirizana kwa maiko osiyanasiyana ndi anthu kukhozabe kulondola zolinga zofanana. M'mbiri yonse ya Amereka, lingaliro la umodzi layesedwa ndi nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni, mayanjano, ndi kugaŵikana kwa ndale zadziko. Komabe Pregedge Abraham Lincoln adapempha Malamulo mu Getysburg Aderesi yake, anali kubwereza pempho la mtundu umodzi "lodentity". M’zaka za zana la 20, Martin Luther King Jr . adachonderera lonjezo la Pregidgey la chilungamo ndi umodzi m'nkhondo yake yachiŵembu. [[FLT:] National Center , National Center , , proganingryism yagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi atsogoleri onse a ku America.

Uthenga wa Chiyembekezo

Kumbali ya umodzi, mawu oyamba amasonyeza chiyembekezo. Mawu akuti "Chigwirizano changwiro kwambiri" akusonyeza kuti pamene kuli kwakuti Uningowo suli wangwiro, ukhoza kuwongolera. "Tsegulani Madalitso a Ufulu wathu ndi Kubwerera kwathu" amasonyeza chidaliro chakuti ufulu ungasungidwe ndi kupitirizidwa. Chiyambi sichimangoganizira za madandaulo akale kapena ngozi zamakono; chiyang’ana kutsogolo ku zimene zingakwaniritsidwe.

Chiyembekezo choyang’anira kutsogolo chimenechi chathandiza anthu a ku America panthaŵi yamdima. Mkati mwa Kugwa kwa Chuma Kwakukulu, Pulezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt anajambula chinenero cha Preseget m'maprogramu ake a New Deal, akumanena kuti kuchirikiza ubwino wa boma kumafunikira njira yothetsera mavuto. Pambuyo pa ziukiro za September 11, atsogoleri a magulu aŵiri onsewo anagwira mawu mawu mawu oyambitsidwa kukumbutsa nzika za kulimba kwa dziko ndi cholinga chimodzi. Ngakhale m’nthaŵi za chipwirikiti cha ndale, Preggain akupereka masomphenya a mtsogolo abwino amene anthu a ku America angagwirizanitse pamodzi.

Chiyembekezo chotchulidwa m'mawu oyamba si kuyembekezera zinthu zopanda pake. Chili chiyembekezo chenicheni chozikidwa pa chikhulupiriro chakuti boma laumwini lingagwire ntchito. Opanga mafomuwo anali ozindikira bwino za kulephera kwa munthu . Iwo anapanga dongosolo la macheke ndi mamiyeso makamaka chifukwa chakuti anadziŵa kuti mphamvu zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa. Komabe anakhulupirira kuti mwa kukhazikitsa chilungamo, kutsimikizira bata la m’banja, ndi kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa anthu, Aamereka angapange chitaganya chimene chimalemekeza ufulu ndi mwaŵi. Chikhulupiriro chimenecho chimapitirizabe kusonkhezera anthu padziko lonse lapansi amene amayang'ana ku U.S.

Tanthauzo la Mbiri Yakale: Mawu Oyambirira a M’mavesi Ena

Msonkhano wa Malamulo wa mu 1787

Nthumwi zitasonkhana ku Philadelphia m’chilimwe cha 1787, zinakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Nkhani za Confederation zinalephera, chuma chinawonongeka, ndipo mikangano ya mayiko inasokoneza mgwirizanowo. Pregage adalembedwa ndi Komiti ya Stection , yotsogozedwa ndi Gouverneur Morris, pafupi ndi mapeto a msonkhano. Morris anali munthu waluso kwambiri wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito zigamulo zazikulu za nthumwizo. Pregaget sinakhale wotsutsana popanda kutsutsana.

Kusuntha ndi Mapepala a Mafupa Oŵerengera

Mkati mwa mikangano ya kugonetsana, achilikizi a Constitution (Federalist) kaŵirikaŵiri anatchula mawu oyamba kutsutsa boma lamphamvu la dziko. Mu Federal list No. 1, Alexander Hamilton analimbikitsa Aamereka kugamulapo "a kaya magulu a anthu ali okhoza kapena osakhazikitsa boma labwino lopanda kuyang'anira ndi kusankha. Preagetle adasonyeza mzimu wa kusinkhasinkha ndi kusankha. Anenti (Anti-Fédalist) adada nkhaŵa kuti chinenero chotakata chikhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu ya boma. Zolinga zawo zinatsogolera ku kupatsidwa kwa Bill of Rights mu 1791, zimene zinaika malire a boma.

Kuyamba kwa Bwalo Lamilandu Lalikulu

Pamene kuli kwakuti poyambira pawokha samapatsa maulamuliro kapena kupanga zoyenera kwa nthaŵi yaitali Khoti Lapamwambalo lakhala likukhulupirira kuti silili magwero a ulamuliro waung'ono wopatula [1] Kumatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kuunikira zifuno za Malamulo. ] [Marychilloch v. Maryland [FLT] [1819] [18], Woweruza Wamkulu John Marshall analozera ku Pregnoreat kutsutsa kuti malamulowo adalinganizira kukhala ndi zolinga za nyengo, ndi kuti boma ladziko linatanthauza mphamvu zonyamula mathayo ake otchulidwa. Momwemo. Momwemonso, mu [FL:] United States. vWGRG. Corp [195]

Kupirira Mopumira: Kupulupudza kwa Moyo wa ku America

Chisonkhezero cha Pregge imapita kutali kwambiri ku khoti. Chikuwoneka m'madzoma osaŵerengeka a boma: ana asukulu amatchula mawu ake, miyambo yachilengedwe, ndi osankhidwa akuluakulu akuigwira mawu m'makeyala otsegulira. Mawuwo Ife Anthu" [[FLT:] takhala mkupiti wosonkhezera magulu a anthu. [[FLT:] [FLT] Ndife anthu , mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito Pregtion kuchirikiza ufulu wa anthu osamukira kudziko ndi opatula. Chikhalidwe cha Ofikitsa chimatchulanso nyimbo ya Preglygeod [kuchokera ku Sukulu Yotchuka ya Rocksmouse.

Mwinamwake mphamvu yaikulu ya Woyambayo ili m'kusintha kwake. Siimalangiza anthu kuti agwirizane ndi mfundo inayake. M’malo mwake, imapereka maziko a mkangano. Malamulo ndi ufulu mofananamo zingakope "Chilungamo cha Khrial" kapena "Kukonza Chilungamo chachisawawa" kutsutsana chifukwa cha masomphenya awo a dziko. Pregedge imauza anthu a ku America kuti akambirane za mmene mgwirizano wangwiro kwambiri umaonekera, ndi mmene angasungire bwino kudalitsidwa ndi ufulu. Kukambirana kopitirizabe kumeneku ndi kugwirizana ndi mphamvu ya malamulo a m'malamulo.

Kumaliza: Umodzi ndi Chiyembekezo cha Lerolino

Uthenga woyambirira wa umodzi ndi chiyembekezo umakhala woyenerera kwambiri. M'nyengo ya magaŵano aakulu andale, mawu " Ife Anthu " timakumbutsa Aamerika kuti ali ndi unziko umodzi ndi cholinga chimodzi. Zonulirapo zisanu ndi chimodzizo, chilungamo, kufatsa, kudziteteza, ubwino, ufulu, ufulu, kuyambira kuyang'anira mavuto amakono, kuyambira kusalingana kwa chuma kufikira ku chisungiko cha dziko ku chilungamo. Pregtion siimalonjeza kuthekera kwa kupita patsogolo. Imauza mbadwo uliwonse kuti utenge ntchito yomanga umodzi wangwiro wangwiro. Monga momwe anthu a ku America amakumbukirira kuti ufulu wawo wa boma umadalira, ndi chiyembekezo cha mtsogolo chikapitiriza, kuyesayesa kukwaniritsa mphamvu.