Makampani omanga nyumba ndi opangidwa mocholoŵana, kubweretsa pamodzi omanga, omanga, omanga nyumba, opanga mapulani, ogulitsa, ndi opereka mapangano oyendera ndalama ndi makhoti ovuta kwambiri. Pamene makhoti a kuwonongeka kwa maziko, katundu afika mochedwa, kapena kusintha kutsutsana, nkhondo yotulukapo ingaimika kupita patsogolo, kuchotsa mipambo, ndi kusiyanitsa maunansi a ntchito. Kumanga kwa mwambo, ndi kutulukira kwake kokongola ndi kuchuluka kwa bwalo lamilandu, kaŵirikaŵiri kumaipitsa kuwonongeka m'malo mwa kuthetsera. Kulimbana kwachikhalidwe ndi kumakhala kogwirizana kwa malamulo — chigamulo, chigamulo cha , cha mwamsanga chopangidwa kuti chikhale choyendera ntchito yomanga. Kumanga nyumba kwa UKmakeans, ndi kukhazikitsanso malamulo kwa anthu, ndi kukhazikitsanso Active.

Kodi Kukanidwa Kwachiŵeniŵeni Nchiyani?

Kuletsa anthu ndi njira yovomerezeka mwalamulo imene imaimira munthu wachitatu wodziimira payekha — woimira dzikolo — amapanga chigamulo chokakamiza koma chogwirizana pa mkangano womanga. Mosiyana ndi kugwirizanitsa kapena kukhazikitsa, kumene kuli cholinga cha chigamulo chomaliza ndi chotsimikizira, kukhazikitsa lamulo la kanthaŵi kochepa limene anthu ayenera kutsatira mwamsanga. Chigamulochi chimakhalapo mpaka pamene kukambirana kwa khoti, bungwe la arbitalbustral, kapena mwa pangano. Dongosololi linayambitsidwa kuti lipereke ndalama zothandizira kumanga: Nyumba imene siibweza ndalama msanga. Mabungwe amene sabweza ndalama zambiri poibweza. Mabungwe ankhondo ankhondo ankhondo ankhondo ankhondo kuti apitirize ndi kumenyana ndi kusungidwa kwa ntchitoyo.

Njirayo imayambitsidwa ndi chidziŵitso cholembedwa cha kuyang'anira, chotsatiridwa ndi serechal , yomwe imalongosola nkhani ya chipani. Gulu lomveralo limatumiza chitetezo chake, ndi woimira — kaŵirikaŵiri lodziŵa kumanga, injiniya, kapena wofufuza wochuluka — kupenda, kukhoza kuchititsa msonkhano kapena kuyang'ana malo, ndi kupereka chigamulo, makamaka m’masiku 28. Nthaŵi yolimba imeneyi siikutha kuyendera pansi pa maulamuliro ambiri omanga, kusonyeza kufunika kwa maindasitale.

Chitsanzo: Chifukwa Chake Kuweruza Sikuli Kongosankha

M'maiko ambiri, kuyenera kwa kulonjezana kwaikidwa ndi lamulo m'pangano lililonse lomanga. Ku United Kingdom, Nyumba Grants, Acreast and Resation Act 1996 (monga momwe inasinthidwa ndi Democracy, Economic Development and Accouting Act 2009) imapatsa chigwirizano chilichonse ku pangano la kumanga ufulu wonena za kutsutsana panthaŵi iliyonse. Zimenezi zimagwira ntchito ngakhale ngati panganolo silinamve mawu pa pangano loletsa. Mbali zazikulu zimaphatikizapo:

  • Madansi a SSta kuyenera kwa kutsazirira: Sangafikire kuchokera ku dzanja lamanja limeneli, ngakhale kuti angagwirizane pa njira ina yoloza ngati ifikitsa ku malire.
  • Mapindu: Act imalamulanso kuti pakhale malipiro ndipo imaletsa “malipire akalipira". Malamulo, amatsimikizira kulinganiza kwa ndalama zimene zaikidwa kumbuyo kwa kubisa.
  • Kutha kukakamiza: Zogamulapo za oweruza zikugwirizana kufikira mkanganowo utathetsedwa ndi khoti kapena kutsenderezedwa. Makhoti ambiri adzakakamiza chigamulocho mwachidule, ngakhale ngati wolunjikayo apanga cholakwa cha zenizeni kapena lamulo.

Maboma ena, kuphatikizapo Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, New Zealand, ndi maiko angapo mu U.S. ndi Canada, agwiritsira ntchito lamulo lofananalo — kaŵirikaŵiri lotchedwa “kusungika kwa malipiro". Kuchokera ku Singapore, mwachitsanzo, Chitetezo cha Kumanga ndi Kukonzanso Makampani a Unduna wa Paunior Act (SOPA) chimapereka boma la malamulo ochirikiza kupita patsogolo kwa malamulo. Malamulo ameneŵa amasonyeza kugwirizana kwa dziko lonse: mikangano yomanga iyenera kuthetsedwa mwamsanga kupeŵa kugwa kwa ndalama.

Ubwino Womanga Nyumba za Ufumu

Kuthamanga: Kupitiriza Ntchito

Ubwino wotchuka kwambiri wa kuletsa ndi liŵiro lake. Woyang'anira ayenera kupereka chosankha m'masiku 28 a kuyang'anira — chofikira masiku 42 ndi chilolezo cha wowazenga. Yerekezerani ndi 18-24 miyezi ya kuweruza kochitika kwa Bwalo Lalikulu mu UK kapena 1218 kwa miyezi yapadziko lonse ya kusokonezeka kwa zinthu. Paprojekiti ina, anthu ongogwirizana amadalira pa malipiro a mwezi ndi mwezi ophikira ntchito ndi zipangizo, kutembenuka kwa masiku 28 kukhoza kukhala kusiyana pakati pa chigamulo ndi cholandira. [FLT:]

Zotsatirapo Zokwera Mtengo: Maseche Aang’ono

Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama n’kotsika kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana $100,000 760,000 kapena kuletsa chifukwa chakuti njirayo yasintha. Palibe njira zodziwiratu, palibe malipoti odula (osafunika kwenikweni), ndipo palibenso mayeso a tsiku ndi tsiku. Kutsutsana kwa mtengo wa $$500,000, kukhoza kutayitsa ndalama zokwana madola 100,0000,000 pa ndalama zimene boma limalipira, pamene kuwonjezera ndalama zimene anthu amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, anthu ayenera kuzindikira kuti kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zolamulira — gulu lotsutsana lingayese kusintha kulowa m'kaumboni waung'ono. Mfungulo ndi kuchititsa kugonjera kuyang'anizana ndi mkangano wotchulidwa.

Akatswiri: Akatswiri Odziŵa Ntchito Yomanga Amene Amamvetsetsa Ntchito Yomanga

Adjudicator sali oweruza a ajenalamala. Iwo ali olembedwa ntchito ndi mainjiniya, ofufuza za kuchuluka, kapena maloya omanga okhala ndi chidziŵitso cha zaka makumi ambiri. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti iwo angamvetse msanga nkhani za luso monga kuchedwa kusanthula, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kapena kumasulira kogwirizana pansi pa mafomu apamwamba (JT, NEC FIC , FIDIC). Katswiri wa zopanga zinthu angaone ngati ali ndi udindo wake popanda kudalira umboni wochuluka, kusunga nthaŵi ndi ndalama. Trederated Institute of Arbiturators (CHR) [1] Amakhala ndi gulu la padziko lonse la opanga zinthu zotsimikizidwa ndi luso lotsimikiziridwa.

Kusinthasintha: Njira Zothandiza

Mosiyana ndi malamulo a khoti, loya woperekera chilolezo amalola woperekera lamulo la inquisition kapena njira za kufufuza. Iwo angapemphe zikalata, kuchezera malo, mboni zofunsa mafunso, kapena kungosankha pa mapepala. Kusintha kumeneku kumalola njira yopitira ndi kuvuta kwa mkanganowo. Pa mkangano wosavuta. “Makalata okha” kulonjeza kungathetse chilichonse m’milungu itatu.

Kusunga Ubale: Chilungamo chosatha

Chifukwa chakuti chigamulocho nchokha, zipani zimene zimalephera zikhozabe kukhala ndi tsiku lawo m'khoti pambuyo pake. Zimenezi zimachepetsa kutentha kwa magetsi. Womanga amene alandira chigamulo choipa chotsatizana angalipire ndalama zofunikira, apitirize ntchitoyo, ndipo pambuyo pake alondolera chigamulo chomalizira kudzera m'malangizo kapena kusokonezeka. Zimenezi zimalimbikitsa kuti malo okhalamo a anthu — zosankha zambiri zogwirizana sizikutsutsidwa. Malinga ndi ziŵerengero za makampani kuchokera ku Technology ndi Court, ochepera 10% za zosankha za kukonza zinthu zimatsutsidwa m’khoti, ndipo ambiri amakakamizidwa.

Njira Yothetsera Matenda

Mfundo 1: Pabuka mkangano

Mkangano ukachitika wina akanena kuti ndiwe wolakwa ndipo winayo akakana, kapena pamene malipiro afika pochedwa. Mchitidwe wa agliveyo kenaka uyenera kusankha kaya kutchula mkanganowo ku lonsi. Ufulu wa kukhazikitsa malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri umafuna kuti munthuyo apereke chidziŵitso cha cholinga cha kutchula.

Sitepe 2: Kuikidwa kwa Woweruza

Chipani chotchulidwacho chimayandikira kwa woimira bungwe (ANB) monga Royal Institution of Charterred Surveyrs (RICS), Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), kapena CIARB. ANB amaika woimira chinsinsi m’masiku ochepa, pokhapokha ngati panganolo latchula kale limodzi. Woimira ayenera kukhala wosakondera ndi wodziimira payekha.

Sitepe 3: Kuzindikira ndi Kukana

Wonena za chipanicho amatumiza ndandanda yosonyeza mkangano, mankhwala ofunidwa, ndi zikalata zonse zochirikiza. Wolabadirayo amakhala ndi nyengo yaifupi — kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 7-14 — kuti apereke chitetezo chake. Woperekeza angakhazikitse nthaŵi ya kugonjera kowonjezereka, koma zowonjezerazo zimalefunsidwa.

Mfundo 4: Chosankha cha Woweruza

Pambuyo pa kupenda umboni wonse ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, kuchititsa kumvetsera kapena malo ochezera, woperekera chigamuloyo akupereka chosankha cholembedwa. Chosankhacho chiyenera kulingaliridwa, ngakhale kuti tsatanetsatane wake amasiyana. Chimaphatikizapo kwenikweni dongosolo la kulipira ndalama, chilengezo cha ufulu, kapena malangizo oyenera kuchita kapena kukana kuchita kanthu. Chigamulocho nchogwirizana ndi mabwalo kufikira pamene mkanganowo wathetsedwa.

Sitepe 5: Kutsatira ndi Kukakamiza

Chipani chopambana chiyenera kugonjera mwamsanga. Ngati chipani cholepheracho sichilipidwa, wopambana angagwire ntchito ku khoti kaamba ka chiweruzo chachidule. Makhoti okhala ndi maulamuliro apamwamba a malamulo a UK ndi Singapore — monga ngati UK — adzapereka chisungiro mwachibadwa pokhapokha ngati pali kusakhazikika kwa procedational kapena woyendetsa zinthu zina adachita kunja kwa ulamuliro wake. Khoti Lapamwamba la UK Khoti la Mediterranean Mediterranean . Cottenex Antstalt [1] [[FLT:] (ngakhale womangira) akusonyeza chigamu chachikulu cha mlandu wotsutsa.

Zimene Mungathe Kuchita Komanso Ngati Simungakwanitse Kuthetsa Vutoli

Ngakhale kuti kukaniza ndi mphamvu zambiri, si njira yothetsera vutoli padziko lonse.

Mafunso Ovuta Kuwafunsa a Chilamulo

Oweruza kaŵirikaŵiri ali akatswiri omanga mmalo mwa oweruza. Ngati mkangano uphatikizapo mfundo zatsopano za lamulo, zonga kumasulira mawu ovuta a chilolezo kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nyengo yochepetsa, wolonjezayo angakhale wopanda ulamuliro kapena ukatswiri wakugamula. Makhoti ali oyenerera bwinopo ku milandu yotero. Mapangano ambiri a malamulo amalola maguluwo kuvomereza kuti chosankha cha woperekezayo pa mfundo yalamulo sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma kulephera kumeneku kukwaniritsa chifunocho.

Mavuto Amene Anakumana Nawo

Ngakhale kuti makhoti amakakamiza anthu kuletsa zosankha, pali zifukwa zochepa zopinga: kusalamulira, kuswa chilungamo chachilengedwe, kapena kulakwa kwachibadwa. Ngati woimitsa mlandu wasankha mkangano umene sunatchulidwe, kapena kulephera kupereka kwa onse aŵiri mlandu woyenera, chigamulocho chingapatulidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu [FLT: 0] Chigamulo cha Chimangidwe Ltd v. Devonport Royal Dockyard Ltt [2005] NEWCCIVT 1358, Khoti la apilo linagogomezera kuti zosankha za apilo ziyenera kuperekedwa ngakhale ngati zolakwika, koma zopanda chilungamo zingagonjetsedwe.

Mikangano Yamitundumitundu

Kuletsa kumangophatikizapo zigawo ziŵiri zokha: chipani ndi chipani cholabadira. Ngati mkangano uphatikizapo opanga makampani ambiri, womanga wamkulu, ndi bwana, pangano lidzangothetsa mkangano wa mwamsanga pakati pa aŵiri. Enawo satha kuthetsedwa, kukhoza kuchititsa kuti pakhale kutsutsana kosiyana. Kawirikawiri n’kotheka pa malamulo a boma.

Kulipira Zowonongedwa

Oyang’anira ntchito amafuna malipiro a ntchito zawo. Ngati woimirayo satha kulipirira ndalama za woperekezayo, njirayo ingaleke. Maboma ena a malamulo a malamulo amalola mlozeroyo kufuna chisungiko kaamba ka ndalama.

Yerekezerani ndi Njira Zina Zothetsera Vuto

MethodTimeCostFinalitySuitability
Adjudication4–6 weeksLow–moderateBinding interimPayment disputes, delays, variations
Litigation12–24 monthsHighFinalComplex law, enforcement, multi-party
Arbitration6–12 months (fast-track possible)Moderate–highFinalInternational contracts, confidentiality
Mediation1–2 daysLowSettlement agreementAll disputes where parties are willing to negotiate

Note: Si mapangano onse olola chilolezo — pendani pangano lanu. M'madera ena, chilolezo chimakhalapo kokha kaamba ka mikangano yokhalapo pansi pa kumanga mapangano ogwirizana ndi “makonzedwe” monga momwe amafotokozera m'malamulo.

Makhalidwe Abwino Koposa Ogwiritsira Ntchito Chiŵeniŵeni Mokhutiritsa

Kuyesa Kutsutsa Mgwirizano ndi Kuweruza Maganizo

Phatikizanipo mawu omveka bwino otchulira thupi loikidwa m’mimba, malamulo oyenera kutsatiridwa, ndi likulu la mawu oletsa. Peŵani mawu osadziŵika bwino amene angatsogolere ku mavuto a boma. Mapangano apamwamba monga JCT ndi NEC ali ndi makonzedwe amphamvu; lingalirani kuwatsatira.

Konzekerani Kudziŵa Zinthu Moyenera

Chetaral dziŵitsa ikufotokoza ukulu wa ulamuliro wa wolamulira. Iyenera kudziŵa mkangano kapena kusiyana kwachindunji ndi kukhazikitsa chithandizo chofunidwa. Chilengezo chosalongosoka chingatsogolere ku woletsa kuletsa kapena bwalo lamilandu pambuyo pake kutsekereza chigamulo.

Umboni Wochuluka Uli Patsogolo

Chifukwa cha nthaŵi yolimba, mapwando ayenera kukonzekera umboni wawo — mapangano, makalata, zolembedwa za malo ochitirako mayeso, mapempho, ndi kuchedwa kupenda — asanapereke chidziŵitso cha kulembedwa kwa mawu. Kusakhoza kupanga zikalata zosuliza mwamsanga kungafooketse nkhaniyo.

Lingalirani za Kukhazikika Koyambirira

Pamene woimira aikidwa, mapwando angagwirizanebe kukhazikika. Mapangano ambiri amakonzedwa pamene woimirayo asonyeza kuwona koyambirira. Palibe manyazi m’kukhazikitsa; amapulumutsa mtengo ndi kusunga maunansi.

Kulera Ana Omwe Ali Makolo Ena Padziko Lonse Ndiponso Zomwe Zakhala Zikuchitika Posachedwapa

Kupambana kwa UK-style kwasonkhezera lamulo lofananalo padziko lonse. Ubwino wa Australia wa malamulo a misonkho, makamaka ku New South Wales ndi Victoria, wakhala wogwira ntchito, ngakhale kuti makambitsirano osungitsa lamulo apitirizabe. SOPA ya Singapore yatchedwa golide ku Asia, ndi woyang'anira wake wolamulira nthaŵi ndi katswiri SOPA compasudator . Malaysia, Hong Kong, ndi India akhazikitsanso chisungiko cha kulipira malamulo ndi njira zothandizira kukhazikitsa. World Bank yavomereza ngakhale kulinganiza kwabwino kwa ntchito za ntchito zapamwamba m'maiko omatukuka.

Zotsatirapo zaposachedwapa zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito mapangano ogwirizana ndi zipangizo zotchinga zinthu kwa ozimiza — mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa malipiro odzifunira pamene pepala la pepala lapadera laperekedwa, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito AI kulongosola malo a m'mipangidwe yapadera. Pamene kuli kwakuti, kukonza zinthu zimenezi kungafulumizenso kugamula.

Kumaliza

Kugwirizana kwa boma kwakhala chida chofunika kwambiri pa nkhokwe ya makampani omanga nkhondo. Kuchirikiza kwake malamulo, liŵiro, kuyendetsa zinthu, ndi kudalira pa ukatswiri womanga ndi kuyang'ana mwachindunji kuwonongeka kwa ndalama zowonongeka za makampani ndi kupanikiza kwa makampani. Ngakhale kuti si koyenera pa mkangano uliwonse — makamaka zija zovuta kapena zipani zambiri — kusumika kwake maganizo, kulinganiza kwake kumatsimikizira kuti ntchitozo zingapitirizebe kupita patsogolo monga momwe mikangano imathetsedwa. Makampani, ang'onong'ono a makampani, ndi eni maprojekiti, kuzindikira mmene angagwiritsirire ntchito yothandiza kukonza zinthu popanda vutolo; ndiko kupikisana kwamphamvu m’kuyendetsa zinthu.

Kuti muŵerenge mowonjezereka, fufuzani [[FLT: 0] Chikalata cha UK [1] [Ilamulo la Kudziwitsa] chimene chimapereka kufupikitsa kwa lamulo la za mlandu ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, kapena Adjudication Rulamulo 2020 kaamba ka chitsogozo cha procedtural.