Kuzindikira Ufulu Wanu wa Chiŵeniŵeni Kuntchito ndi Pamalo Oonekera

Ufulu wa nzika umakhala maziko a anthu aufulu ndi olingana. Amatsimikizira kuti munthu aliyense(wopanda fuko, mwamuna, chipembedzo, wopunduka, kapena mikhalidwe ina yotetezereka) akhoza kutengamo mbali mokwanira pantchito, malonda, ndi moyo wa anthu popanda kuopa kusankhidwa kapena kuvutitsidwa. Komabe anthu ambiri sadziwa chitetezo chenicheni chimene amasunga kapena njira zimene angatsatire ngati ufuluwo wagwiriridwa.

Zitetezero Zofunika Kwambiri za Ufulu wa Anthu

Malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe asintha zaka makumi ambiri kuti aletse tsankho m'mbali zambiri za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zitetezero zambiri za maziko zimachokera ku Chikalata cha Chokhudza ufulu wa anthu cha 1964 , chimene chinaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, chipembedzo, kugonana, kapena mtundu. Malamulo otsatira anakulitsa chitetezo chimenechi ku zaka, kupunduka, chidziŵitso cha majini, ndi zina zambiri. Malamulo apamwamba amaphatikizapo:

  • I Umutwe VII wa Chikalata cha Chisungiko cha ufulu wa anthu cha 1964 - imaletsa tsankho la ntchito lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, ndi chiyambi cha dziko.
  • Aamereka Okhala ndi Chilema Act (ADA) – amaletsa tsankho kwa anthu olumala pantchito, m'malo ogona, mayendedwe, ndi mautumiki a boma ndi a kumaloko.
  • Tsankho la Nyengo mu Adreact (ADEA) – kutetezera anthu a zaka 40 ndi achikulire kuchokera ku tsankho la ntchito laukalamba.
  • Act ya Genetic Information Nondicrinication Act (GINA) [1] - imaletsa olemba ntchito kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha majini polemba ntchito, powombera, kapena pokweza nyukiliya.
  • Act ya Chivil Rights ya 1991 – inalimbitsa njira za tsankho ladala ndi zowongoletsera za umboni.

Malamulo ameneŵa amagwiranso ntchito kwa olemba ntchito ambiri a anthu 15 kapena kuposapo amene amagwira ntchito pa ntchito za boma (pansi pa ADEA), komanso mabungwe a boma, boma, ndi a boma.

Ufulu Wanu pa Ntchito

Kuntchitoko anthu ambiri amathera nthaŵi yawo yambiri adakali maso, ndipo lamulo la boma limatsimikizira kuti simungachitire zinthu mopanda chilungamo chifukwa cha zimene muli. Ziŵalo zotetezeredwa pansi pa lamulo la boma zimaphatikizapo fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana (kuphatikizapo mimba, kutengeka kwa kugonana, ndi kudziŵidwa kwa mwamuna), chiyambi cha dziko, zaka 40 kapena kuposa), kupunduka, ndi chidziŵitso cha majini. Malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amawonjezera chitetezo kaamba ka malo a ukwati, malo aukatswiri, ndi zina zowonjezereka.

Kubisa, Kulimbikitsa, ndi Kulamula

Mwachitsanzo, bwana sangakane kulemba munthu woyenerera ntchito chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chake, ndipo sangafune kuti munthu woyenererayo aoneke ngati woyenerera, kapena kuti azimuchitira zinthu zina zimene zingakhudze anthu a fuko linalake.

Ngati munthu wapatsidwa ntchito, kukwezedwa pantchito, kukwera, kukwera ntchito, ndi mwayi wophunzitsa ena ayenera kupatsidwa popanda makhalidwe otetezeka. Ngati mupatsidwa udindo ngakhale mutachita bwino, ndipo amene akukwezedwayo ali wosiyana ndi anthu ena ndiponso wosayenerera, zimenezo zingakhale umboni wa tsankho.

Kubwezera si kololedwa ndi lamulo kubwezera munthu amene wagwira ntchito chifukwa chotsutsa lamulo la boma kapena chifukwa choimba mlandu.

Malo Ogona Oyenera

Olemba ntchito afunikira kupereka malo oyenera kwa antchito olumala (pansi pa ADA) ndi kaamba ka mapwando achipembedzo (pansi pa mutu VII). Kukhala kwanzeru ndiko kusintha kapena kusintha ntchito kapena malo antchito amene amatheketsa munthu woyeneretsedwa kuchita ntchito zofunika za ntchito. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo mandandanda a ntchito osinthidwa, malo ochezera, luso lothandiza, kapena kulola nthaŵi ya maholide a chipembedzo.

Malo ogona sayenera kukhazikitsa [[FLT: 0] mavuto ofunikira pa bwana [1] kutanthauza vuto lapadera kapena ndalama. Ngati malo okhala angakhale odula kwambiri kapena osokoneza, bwana angapereke njira ina. Muli ndi ufulu wa kupempha malo okhala ndi kukambitsirana ndi abwana anu kuti mupeze njira yoyenerera.

Kuvutitsidwa Kuntchito

Kuvutitsidwa ndi mtundu wa tsankho limene limayambitsa mkhalidwe wantchito waudani, kumaphatikizapo mkhalidwe wosakondweretsa wozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wotetezeredwa, wonga ngati kunyoza fuko, nthabwala zonyoza, kapena ndemanga zonyoza.

Oyang'anira ndi antchito anzawo omwe angakhale ovutitsa. Olemba ntchito ali ndi thayo la kuletsa ndi kusamalira kuvutitsidwa, kuphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pamene akudziŵa kapena ayenera kudziŵa. Ngati muvutitsidwa, muyenera kuulula kwa bwana wanu, HR, kapena kupyolera mwa njira iliyonse ya kudandaula. Ngati bwanayo walephera kuchitapo kanthu, mungakhale ndi chinenezo chalamulo.

Kudandaula ndi EEOC

Ngati mukhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu wapotozedwa pantchito, sitepe loyamba ndilo kuikiza mlandu ndi Commission ya Opportunity (EOC) [1]. EEOC imakhazikitsa malamulo a boma oletsa 76discrinition. Mumakhala ndi masiku 180 kuchokera pa deti la tsankho lonenedwalo kupangirana mlandu (kufikira masiku 300 ngati boma kapena bungwe lakwanulo likakamiza lamulo lofananalo).

Mukhoza kulemba mlandu pa ofesi ya EEOC yakwanuko, kutumiza makalata, kapena pa Intaneti kudzera ku EEOC. EEOC idzafufuza, ndipo ikhoza kuyesa kuvomereza kapena kukambirana. Ngati EEOC apeza chifukwa chomveka, angalembe mlandu kapena kupereka “loleni kusuta, kukulolani kulembetsa mlandu wachinsinsi. Muyenera kusunga ndandanda ya zochitika zonse, mafoni, ndi umboni uliwonse wosonyeza kuti muli ndi tsankho.

Chigwirizano: [[FULT:0] Olamulira a Website ndi [[FULT:2] Mmene mungasankhire mlandu .

Ufulu Wanu M’malo Oonetserapo Anthu

Zitetezero za nzika zimaposa pa ofesi. Malo a anthu onse monga malesitilanti, mahotela, mabwalo a maseŵero, zoyendera za onse, mapaki, ndi nyumba za boma . Malo ameneŵa amachokera ku Tit II (mautumiki a anthu onse) ndi MTUT II (nyumba zapanyumba zapanyumba) zachiŵeniŵeni zachiŵeni, limodzinso ndi malamulo ena.

Malo Ogona

Malo alionse a anthu onse ndiwo malonda kapena malo alionse amene ali otseguka kwa anthu. Lamulo la Federal limaletsa makampani ameneŵa kusiyanitsa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, mtundu, kupunduka kwa dziko, kapena (m’nkhani zambiri) kugonana. Mwachitsanzo, lesitilanti singathe kukana kutumikira munthu chifukwa cha fuko lake, hotela singathe kukana munthu wopunduka, ndipo sitolo ya malonda singathe kupatsa makasitomala ozikidwa pa chipembedzo chawo.

Mabizinesi ayeneranso kupanga masinthidwe abwino ku malamulo, machitachita, ndi njira zothandizira anthu okhala ndi ulema, pokhapo ngati kuchita zimenezo kungasinthe kwenikweni mtundu wa katundu kapena mautumiki. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kulola zinyama kutumikira, kupereka zothandizira monga omasulira chinenero cha manja, ndi kutsimikizira kupezeka kwathupi kumene kungafikiridwe mosavuta.

Zoyendera ndi Zothandiza Anthu

Mitundu yonse ya zoyendera za anthu onse . mabasi, sitima zapansi panthaka, ndege, ndi mawilo oyendera , ziyenera kukhala zofikirika kwa anthu olumala ndi osapatula. Ulendo wa Zoyendera umayang'anira ADA potsatira dongosolo la zoyendera. Okwera sitima sangamanidwe utumiki kapena kupatsidwa chithandizo chapadera chozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, kapena mikhalidwe ina yotetezedwa.

Mautumiki a boma ndi a boma (monga ngati apolisi, makhoti, masukulu a boma, ndi mabungwe ogulitsa) amalembedwa ndi mutu Wachiwiri wa ADA ndi ndi bungwe la Civil Rights Act . Mabungwe ameneŵa ayenera kupereka ufulu wolingana wokhoza kusiyanitsa maprogramu kapena ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda uyenera kuonetsetsa kuti anthu olumala akhoza kulowa m'mapaki ndi m'maprogramu a zosangulutsa, ndipo dipatimenti ya apolisi iyenera kuthandiza anthu osalankhula Chingelezi.

Danani ndi Upandu ndi Kuvutitsidwa Poyera

Pamene tsankho likukula kukhala chiwawa kapena ziwopsezo, kungakhale upandu waudani. Danani malamulo a upandu pa mlingo wa boma (monga ngati [[FLT: 0] Matthew Shepard ndi James Byrd Jr. Sunder Crimes Prevention Act ) imapangitsa kuvulaza dala thupi dala. Kuyesa kuchita motero / chifukwa cha fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, chiyambi cha dziko, kugonana, kudziŵika kwa mwamuna, kapena kupunduka kwa .

Kuvutitsidwa m'malo a anthu amene safika pamlingo wa upandu wa udani kungakhalebe kokhoza kugwira ntchito pansi pa malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe. Muli ndi kuyenera kwa kumasuka ku kuvutitsidwa kowopsa kapena kosalekeza kozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wotetezeredwa wozikidwa pa lamulo pamene mukugwiritsira ntchito malo a anthu. Ngati muvutitsidwa, kulemberani mlanduwo kwa lamulo, ndi kulingalira za kukambitsirana ndi Department of Civil Rights Division [1]

Kudandaula Chifukwa cha Tsankho la Pamalo Oonekera

Ngati muyang'anizana ndi tsankho m'malo a boma, mungalembe chidandaulo ndi Department ya Chilungamo (DOLT ) [DOLT:1] kapena ndi bungwe loyenerera la boma. ADA imalolanso makhoti achinsinsi ofuna chithandizo ndi ndalama za loya. Kunena za anthu osadziwa za kutha kwa , mungalembe chidandaulo ndi Chilolezo cha Civil Divil Division pansi pa Umutwe II kapena Divitut II ya Chiletso cha Chiletso cha Chiletso cha Chiletso cha Chikulu.

Ngati zimenezi zalephera, fufuzani kaye (mapepala, zithunzi, mayina a mboni) ndi kulemba dandaulo latsatanetsatane pa Intaneti kapena papositi.

Chigwirizano: [[FULT:0] Department of Civil Rights Division ndi ADA Comment [FLT ]

Boma ndi Zitetezo Za kumaloko

Malamulo a Federal amaika pansi, osati denga. Maboma ambiri ndi madera akhazikitsa malamulo amene amapyola pa chitetezo cha boma. Mwachitsanzo, maboma ena amaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe wa kugonana ndi chibadwa cha mwamuna (lokhala litaikidwapo pansi ndi tsankho la boma, koma maboma ena amalemba bwinobwino. Ena amateteza tsankho lochokera ku gwero la ndalama, kumangidwa, kapena kugwiriridwa kwa ndale. Nthaŵi zambiri mabungwe a ufulu wachibadwidwe amakhala ndi malamulo achidule koma angapereke mankhwala amphamvu, kuphatikizapo zikwama zowonongeka kapena luso la kufunafuna chiwongola dzanja.

Nkwanzeru kupenda malamulo m'boma lanu. Mwachitsanzo, California Fair Accoup and Hosting Act imakhudza makalasi ambiri owonjezereka ndipo imagwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito aang'ono (antchito 5 kapena ambiri). Mofananamo, Lamulo la Ufulu wa Anthu la New York nlochuluka ndipo limagwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito onse, mosasamala kanthu za ukulu wawo. Malamulo a m'mizinda monga Seattle, San Francisco, ndi New York City angapereke chitetezo chowonjezereka.

Pamene muika mlandu ndi EEOC, umawonetsedwa ndi bungwe la boma kapena losamalira ntchito lakwanuko (FAPA) kusungitsa zoyenera zanu pansi pa malamulo a boma ndi a boma. Nthaŵi zonse funsani loya amene amamvetsetsa ndandanda ya pakati pa boma, boma, ndi chitetezo cha kumaloko.

Mmene Mungaperekere Zoyenera Zanu

Kudziŵa malamulo ndi chinthu chimodzi; kuchitapo kanthu ndi chinthu chachiŵiri: Muyenera kutsatira ndandanda yothandiza ngati mukukhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu wa anthu wapondelezedwa:

  1. Chikalata chilichonse. Chosunga tsatanetsatane wa madeti, nthaŵi, malo, anthu okhudzidwa, ndi zimene zinanenedwa, ndi zimene zachitidwa. Sungani maemail, mauthenga a pa foni, mafoni, ndi mapepala alionse okhudzana ndi zimenezi.
  2. Kuzindikiritsa mkhalidwe wotetezeredwa. lamulo la tsankho limafuna kuti kuchitiridwa nkhanza kugwirizanitsidwe ndi fuko lanu, kupunduka, kugonana, ndi zina zotero. Ngati muli wosatsimikizira, loya angathandize kusanthula mkhalidwewo.
  3. Kambitsirano mkati . Ngati kuswa lamulo kuchitika kuntchito, tsatira njira yodandaulira ya abwana anu. M'malo a anthu onse, dziŵitsani manijala kapena wogwirizanitsa ufulu wachibadwidwe wa bungwelo.
  4. Ili mlandu kapena dandaulo. pa ntchito, lankhulani ndi EEOC kapena boma lanu FEPA. Panyumba za anthu onse, lankhulani ndi DOJ, bungwe loyenerera la boma (monga Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera ya madandaulo a za mayendedwe), kapena loya wanu wamkulu wa boma.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Ganizirani kuvomereza. Mabungwe ambiri amapereka njira yothetsera mikangano popanda kugamulapo. Angakhale ofulumira ndi osalankhula kwambiri.
  6. Khonsa loimira boma. Milandu ya ufulu wa nzika ingakhale yovuta. Loya wachidziŵitso angakuuzeni za mphamvu ya zimene mukufuna, nthaŵi yoikidwiratu, ndi mankhwala othekera. Maloya ambiri amapereka kupenda kwaulere koyamba.

Ngati simungathe kugula loya, mabungwe alamulo ndi magulu osapanga phindu onga ACLU kapena Law Works Project [[FLT :3] Akhoza kuthandiza. Kuwonjezerapo, EEOC ndi DOJ samalipiritsa olemba mafashoni a ntchito zawo.

Mabuku Owonjezereka

Pansipa pali mabungwe aakulu amene amathandiza anthu kuti azitsogoleredwa, kuonetsetsa kuti anthu akutsatira malamulo, ndiponso kuteteza ufulu wawo.

  • Zogwirira Ntchito Commission Opportunity (EOC) – eeoc.gov
  • Kugawa Gawo la Chilungamo la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe [1] – chilungamo. gov/crt
  • .ADA National Network – data.org (imapereka chithandizo cha maluso pa zoyenera zopunduka)
  • [[FLT: 0] American Liberties Union (ACLU)[FLT :1] – aclu.org (magawo m'kupimira ndi maphunziro a anthu)
  • Project ya Malamulo a Uloval (NELEP)[FULT:1] – lp .org (kusumika maganizo pa zoyenera za antchito)
  • Bungwe lanu la ufulu wachibadwidwe la boma – kufunafuna [Chigawo] cha Ufulu wa Anthu" kapena zina zotero

Kuyenera kwanu kwa nzika sikuli malingaliro alamulo ongopeka, ndipo sikuli chitetezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimene chimakulolani kugwira ntchito, kugula zinthu, kuyenda, ndi kukhala popanda kuopa tsankho.