Kugwirizana kwa boma kumagwira ntchito monga maziko a chigamulo cha mkangano m'nkhani za kulephera kubweza ngongole ndi ngongole, kukhazikitsa njira yolinganizidwira, yothetsera mikangano pakati pa okongola ndi okongoletsa. Popanda njira yalamulo imeneyi, kusamvana kwa zachuma kungaloŵe m'chipwirikiti, kusiya anthu osatetezereka popanda kubwezeredwa ndi okongoletsa osakhoza kupezanso mawu ovomerezeka. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mbali yaikulu ya mapangano a boma m’kulephera kulephera kulipira ndalama ndi kulipira ngongole, kubisa maziko ake alamulo, masitepeto ake, ndi zotulukapo zothandiza kwa magulu onse ophatikizidwa.

Kuzindikira Kukanidwa kwa Chiŵeniŵeni

Chilolezo cha boma chikutanthauza njira yalamulo imene makhoti kapena makhoti a boma amagamulapo milandu yopanda upandu. M'nkhani za lamulo la zachuma, limakhazikitsa ufulu ndi mathayo a okhometsa ndi okongoletsa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe a malamulo, kuweruza, ndi malamulo a kukhalira . Woimira milandu . Motsimikizirika woweruza kapena wolephera kulipira ndalama amagamulapo umboni, amamva mikangano, ndipo amagamula chigamulo chimene chingaphatikizepo kulipira ngongole, kulipira, kuchotsa zikalata zamtengo wapatali, kapena kuchotsa ndalama zopimira.

Malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ochirikiza kusemphana kwa boma amaphatikizapo njira zoyenerera, kusakondera, ndi kuonekera. Onse aŵiri ali ndi mwaŵi wa kupereka nkhani zawo, kutsutsa umboni wotsutsa, ndi kuchonderera zigamulo zosagwirizana. Malamulo ameneŵa amatsimikizira kuti zotulukapo sizili zongodzifunira koma zozikidwa pa miyezo yalamulo. Cornell Law’s Legal Information Institute amapereka mafotokozedwe omvekera bwino a mawu monga lingaliro lalamulo.

Kusintha kwa Mbiri Yakale Kotsutsa Kusemphana kwa Ndalama

Kugwirizana kwa boma kwa mikangano ya ngongole kumayambiriro kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kuyambika m'lamulo la Chingelezi lokhala ndi machitidwe a ngongole, pangano, ndi mbiri. Dongosolo lamakono la kulephera kwa ndalama linabuka m’zaka za zana la 19, kukhazikitsa njira yalamulo kwa anthu osungunuka kupeza chithandizo cha ndalama. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, makhonsati anawongolera njira zimenezi, kuthera m'malamulo omveka bwino monga ngati Bankrupcy Code (In 11) ndi malamulo ofanana ndi malamulo ena m'mayiko ena. Lerolino, kukhazikitsa malamulo a anthu kuwonjezera njira zina zopangira chigamulo ndi njira za pulogalamu za magetsi kuti ziwonjezetse chipambano.

Chisamaliro cha Malamulo cha Kuletsa Kupereka Chilango

Kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kumagwira ntchito m'malamulo apadera olinganizidwira kulinganiza zikondwerero za okongola ofuna chiyambi chatsopano ndi okongoletsa ofunitsitsa kupezanso zimene ali ndi ngongole. Ku United States, Bankruptic Code imakhazikitsa machaputala odziŵika bwino, limodzi ndi limodzi lokhala ndi malamulo apadera oneneratu za kulephera kwa ndalama. Makhoti a boma osungidwa ndi osoŵa ali ndi mphamvu yokha pa zochitika zazikulu, kuphatikizapo kuvomereza zikalata, kutsimikizira mapulani, ndi kupeŵa kusamutsidwa kwa zinthu zina.

Mitundu ya Kulira Koipa

Mutu 7 – Kumwa

Mu mutu 7 wa kulephera kubweza ngongole, chilolezo cha boma chimasumika pa kutsimikizira kuyenerera kwa wokongolayo, kuŵerengera chuma, ndi kugamula kuti ndi katundu uti amene sasunthidwa. Khoti limaika woikizira amene amasonkhanitsa katundu wosatayidwa, kutembenuza ku ndalama, ndi kugaŵira ndalama zoperekedwa kwa okongola malinga ndi lamulo. Woperekayo amasankhanso ngati wokongolayo alandira kulandidwa kwa ngongole zotsala, kunyalanya mathayo ena onga ngati ngongole za ophunzira ndi misonkho.

Mutu 11 – Kukonzedwanso

Mutu 11 wakonzedwa kaamba ka mabizinesi ndipo, m’zochitika zina, anthu okhala ndi ngongole zambiri. Kuzenga kumaphatikizapo kutsimikizira kwa makonzedwe olinganizanso amene amavomereza kukonzanso ngongole pamene akulola wokongolayo kupitiriza ntchito. Khoti limapenda makonzedwe a kutsimikizira kuti ingathe, m’chikhulupiriro chabwino, ndipo silisankhana molakwa pakati pa magulu okongoletsa. Nthaŵi zambiri kulinganiza kumakhala ndi mapangano, kupempha kuti apereke ndalama, ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwa okongola osungidwa.

Mutu 13 – Ganizo la Kubwezera Munthu Aliyense

Kwa anthu amene ali ndi ndalama zokhazikika, Kulephera kwa ndalama kumafunikira kugonjera ku makonzedwe a kulipira kwa zaka zitatu kufikira zisanu. Kuvomereza kumaphatikizapo kutsimikizira kumene okongoletsa angatsutse mawu. Khoti limasankha ngati makonzedwewo apanga ndalama zonse zotayidwa kwa okongoletsa osasungidwa ndi kaya ngati zikugwirizana ndi zofunika za lamulo zoyenerera. Makhoti a U.S. Website [ akupereka kusweka kwatsatanetsatane kwa mutu uliwonse wa kulephera kwa ndalama.

Kugamula Kwachiŵeniŵeni m’Njira za Kupititsidwa m’Banki

Kumvetsa zimenezi kumathandiza anthu amene ali ndi ngongole ndiponso okongola kuti adziwe zimene ayenera kuchita ndiponso mmene angachitire zinthu mogwira mtima.

Kugona Mokwanira

Chilolezo cha banki chimayamba pamene wokongola apanga chikalata ndi khoti lolephera kubweza ngongole. Mwamsanga atakonza, kutsalirako kwadzidzidzi kumakhala ndi kugwira ntchito, kuimitsa ntchito zambiri zopereka, kuphatikizapo kumanga milandu, malipiro, ndi mafoni a ngongole. Mbali ya khoti pa nthaŵi ino ndiyo kupereka lamulo losungidwa ndi kudziŵitsa obwereketsa onse ondandandalitsidwa m'kupemphako. Owongoleredwa angabuke ngati afunafuna chithandizo cha pakukhalapo kuti aperekere motsutsana ndi wopereka kapena kulondola ngongole zina.

Kudzinenera Kuti Ndideti ndi Umboni wa Kudzinenera

Opereka chiwongola dzanja ayenera kulemba umboni wa zimene ananena ndi deti loikidwiratu la khoti . Woimira aliyense akupenda mawu alionse otsimikizira kuwona kwake. Ngati chinenezocho chikuwoneka kukhala chosayenera . Ngati chikuwoneka kukhala cholakwika / kaya chifukwa chakuti chimakopeka, chozikidwa pa ngongole yotayidwa, kapena kuŵerengera molakwika . Khotilo lingakhale ndi mlandu kuti lithetse chitsutso, kaŵirikaŵiri limadalira pa umboni wa pulogalamu ndi umboni.

Kutsimikizira Kumva

Wopereka ngongoleyo akupereka makonzedwe olingaliridwawo, ndipo obwereketsa angadzutse zitsutso ponena za kusawoneka, chikhulupiriro chabwino, kapena kuchitiridwa kwa zonena zawo. Woperekayo amapenda zitsutso zimenezi, kugwiritsira ntchito miyezo ya lamulo yotsimikizira, ndipo kaya kutsimikizira kapena kukana makonzedwewo. Kukana kungatsogolere ku kuchotsedwa kwa mlanduwo kapena kutembenuka ku mutu wina.

Kutaya Mafuta ndi Kutsekedwa kwa Case

Ngati wokongolayo akwaniritsa zofunika zonse . monga ngati kumaliza kosi ya kayendetsedwe ka ndalama ndi kulipira ndalama . Lamulo limeneli limaletsa okongoletsa kuti abweze ngongole. Wowasungayo amapendanso lipoti lomaliza ndi kuŵerengera asanatseke mlanduwo. Malamulo operekedwa kapena malamulo ena angaperekedwe ku makhoti a boma kapena mapulogalamu a olephera kulipira ndalama.

Kuthetsa Ngongole Kumabutsa Mavuto mwa Kuthetsa Mabanja

Kuwonjezera pa kulephera kwa ndalama, kulonjezana kwa boma kumathandiza kuthana ndi mikangano yambiri ya ngongole imene siimaphatikizapo kulephera kubweza ngongole. Milandu imeneyi ingamvedwe m’makhoti a boma kapena a boma, malinga ndi mmene nkhaniyo ikunenera ndi ndalama zimene zikutsutsana. Njira yoloza ku boma imakhazikitsa malo othetsera mikangano imene siingathetsedwe mwa kukambirana kapena kukambirana kosiyana ndi ena.

Nkhani Zofala Zokangana

  • Obwereketsa ngongole yochuluka yobwerekedwa: Obwereketsa anganene kuti kuŵerengera koyambirira, chiwongola dzanja, kapena ndalama zolipidwa kuli kosalondola. Kuweruza kulola khoti kusanthula mapangano, mapangano, ndi kulipira mbiri kulinganiza bwino.
  • Kusintha kwa pangano kukutchula: Obwereka ndalama angaimbe mlandu olephera kubwezera mogwirizana ndi pangano la ngongole. Khoti limasankha ngati pangano lovomerezeka lidalipo, kaya wokongolayo anaswa, ndi zimene zakhala zoyenerera.
  • Okhoza kulinganiza kulingana kwa ngongole: Okongola anganene kuti ngongole njosatha chifukwa cha lamulo la kulephera, kusoŵa kusamala, kapena chinyengo. Woperekera mayeso amapenda umboni wa chiyambi cha ngongoleyo ndi kaya wobwereketsayo ali ndi mlandu.
  • Fair Leart Collection Practics Act (FDCPA): Amalonda amene amavutitsidwa kapena kuchenjera ndi osonkhetsa ngongole angapange masuti. Chilolezo cha Chiŵeniŵeni chimagamula kaya machitidwe a wosonkhanitsayo anaswa lamulo la boma kapena boma ndi zivulazo ngati kuli koyenera. Federal Tradective Commission’s percul FDCPA tsamba lalamulo ndi chitsogozo.

Zofunika m’Malamulo Ophatikiza

Msonkhano wa ngongole weniweni umayamba pamene wobwereketsa ngongole alemba chidandaulo ndi kutumiza. Wobwerekayo ayenera kuyankha mkati mwa nyengo yoikika; kulephera kuchita tero kungatuluke m'chiweruzo chotsimikizirika. Ngati wobwerekayo apeza, mlanduwo ukupitiriza kutulukira, kumene mbali zonse ziŵirizo zimasinthana zikalata ndi chidziŵitso. Zolinga za chiweruzo chachidule zingasungidwe ngati palibe mikangano yeniyeni. Potsirizira pake, mlanduwo ungapite kukazengedwa, kumene wopereka chigamulo pambuyo pa kumva ndi kutsutsana kwalamulo.

Ntchito Yothandiza Kuthetsa Ngongole

  • Kutsimikizira mlandu: Khoti limagamula ngati thayo lovomerezeka mwalamulo liripo ndipo, ngati nditero, chiŵerengero chake chenicheni.
  • Kupereka zothodwetsa za umboni: Kumasulira tsatanetsatane wa phwando limene lisenza mtolo wa kutsimikizira chinthu chilichonse [1] Motsimikizirika wobwereketsa ayenera kusonyeza ngongoleyo, pamene kuli kwakuti wokongolayo angafunikire kutsimikizira chitetezero.
  • Makhoti omasulira ndi kusungitsa mapangano a ngongole, mapangano a chisungiko, ndi zitsimikizo mogwirizana ndi chinenero chawo chomvekera bwino ndi lamulo logwira ntchito.
  • Machiritso otsimikizirika: Zotulukapo zotsutsidwa zingaphatikizepo ziweruzo za ndalama, malamulo a kachitidwe kapadera, malamulo oletsa kusonkhanitsa kowonjezereka, kapena malamulo a kuchotsa kuti ngongole njopanda pake.
  • Kutsata chitsanzo: Zigamulo zofalitsidwa m'ngongole ndi milandu ya kulephera kulephera kuyendetsa mlandu, kutsogolera oweruza amtsogolo ndi makhoti aang’ono.

Njira Zina Zothetsera Tchimo la Khoti

Ngakhale kuti kulonjezana kwa boma kumapereka chigamulo chosatha, si njira yokhayo yothetsera mikangano ya ngongole imene imathetsa njira zina zimene zimachepetsa nthaŵi, mtengo, ndi kusokoneza maganizo. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbikitsa anthu kufufuza njira zimenezi asanasankhe kapena panthaŵi imene akukambirana.

Kusintha

Pankhani yaumboni, mbali yachitatu yauchete imatheketsa kukambitsirana pakati pa wa ngongole ndi wobwereka ngongole, kuwathandiza kufikira pangano lovomerezeka. Mkhalapakati sakakamiza chigamulo; mmalomwake, amatsogolera kulankhulana ndi kupereka zothetsera. Makhoti a Bankruptic amalamulira mowonjezereka kuvomereza m’nkhani zovuta kuthetsera nkhani zotsutsana kapena zolinganiza nkhani.

Kusintha kwa Malamulo

Arbitration imaphatikizapo woyang'anira wandale amene amamva umboni ndi kupereka chosankha chokakamiza kapena chosagwirizanitsa. Mapangano ambiri a ngongole amaphatikizapo maganizo ofuna kukhazikitsa mikangano mmalo mwa m’khoti. American Arbitamition Association ndi mabungwe ena amapereka malamulo ndi zilolezo za oyenerera. The American Arbitration Association

Kusamalira Ngongole ndi Kukhazikika

Kunja kwa pangano lachindunji, aliwongole angagwire ntchito ndi mabungwe olangiza a ngongole kukhazikitsa makonzedwe a kuyang'anira ngongole. Mapangano ameneŵa amaphatikizapo okongoletsa ndalama zochepetsera chiwongola dzanja kapena malipiro posinthanitsa ndalama zoperekedwa nthaŵi zonse. Kukambitsirana kwa olakwa ndi okongoletsa kungathetsenso mikangano popanda kuloŵerera m’khoti, ngakhale kuti malowo ayenera kulembedwa m’kalata kuti apeŵe mikangano yamtsogolo.

Kukakamiza Zosankha Zoipa

Ngati wokongolayo salipira yekha, wobwerekayo ayenera kulondola njira zosungitsira lamulo zimene zimafuna kuloŵetsedwamo kowonjezereka m’khoti. Mbali ya woperekera chilolezo ingafutukule kuvomereza machitidwe akutiakuti.

  • Ndalama za kampani: Khoti limalamula bwana wa ngongole kupatsa wobwereka ndalamayo gawo la malipiro ndi kuipatsa kwa wopereka kufikira chiweruzo chikwaniritsidwe. Malamulo a boma ndi amalamulo amachepetsa ndalama zimene zingabwezedwe.
  • Ndalama zoperekedwa: Lamulo la khoti limalamulira banki ya ngongole kuundana ndi kubweza ndalama m'kaunti, kufikira ku chiwonkhetso.
  • Mabodza a propect: Chiweruzo chingakhale chonama pa chuma cha wokongola, kulola wobwereketsa kukakamiza kugulitsa mwa kugulitsa kwa bwanamkubwa ngati katunduyo ali ndi kulingana kokwanira.
  • Nkhani zopanda pake: Ngati wangongoleyo samvera lamulo la khoti dala [1] monga ngati kulephera kuonekera kaamba ka kufunsa kwa ngongole, khoti lingawanyoze, kutsogolera ku kulipira kapena ngakhale kumangidwa.

Pamene mafaelo a ngongole alephera kulipira ndalama, kulipira ndalama, ndi machitidwe ena a zopereka, amaloŵetsa mkanganowo m’manja mwa bwalo lamilandu lolephera kubweza ngongole.

Chiyambukiro pa Obwereka Ngongole ndi Obwereka Ngongole

Kugwirizana kwachiŵeniŵeni kumayambukira mokulira onse aŵiri amangawa ndi okongoza, kukumaumba mtsogolo mwawo mwa zachuma ndi kaimidwe kawo kalamulo.

Kwa Okongola Ngongole

Kulephera kwa olephera kulephera kukhoza kutsogolera ku kuchotsedwa kwa ngongole zoyenera, kupereka chiyambi chatsopano chochotsedwa ndi mathayo okulira. Komabe, njirayo imafunikira kuvumbulidwa kwathunthu kwa chuma, kugwirizana ndi woikiziridwa, ndi kumamatira ku malamulo a khoti. Okhongoletsa chidziŵitso molakwika angayang'anizana ndi kukanidwa kwa kumasulidwa kapena ngakhale kumangidwa kwaupandu. Kuweruza kosachitidwa motsutsana ndi boma, chiweruzo chotsutsana ndi wokongolayo chingawononge ndalama, kutsogolera ku kutaikiridwa kwa chuma, ndi kupangitsa chitsenderezo cha zopereka zopereka zopitirizabe.

Kwa Opereka Mlandu

Obwereka ndalama amadalira pa pangano kuti apezenso maakaunti opulupudza ndi kutsatiridwa ndi malamulo. Chiŵeruzo chabwino kapena makonzedwe otsimikizirika amawalola kusonkhanitsa kupyolera mwa njira zalamulo. Komabe, okongola ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a productive, zothodwetsa zowoneka, ndi zotsutsa zothekera. Zonena zosalembedwa bwino zingachepetsedwe kapena zosavomerezeka, ndipo njira zauchiŵeruzo zingalepherere pansi pa malamulo otetezera. The American Bar Association’s Business Law Language [1] Zipereka zothandizira obwerezera ndi uphungu wawo.

Kumaliza

Chigwirizano cha nzika chidakali maziko a chigamulo chadongosolo m'kulephera kulephera ndi kusemphana kwa ngongole. Mwa kupereka uchete wolamulidwa ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa, chimatsimikizira kuti aliwongo amalandira chitetezo ku machitachita opereka mopanda ulemu pamene okongoletsawo angapereke mayenerensi ovomerezeka. Kaya kupyolera pamlingo wokwanira wa kulephera kwa ndalama, kusonkhanitsa ngongole imodzi, kapena njira zophatikizapo zonga ngati kubwezera ngongole, njira yoperekera malamulo imabweretsa kumvekera bwino, chilungamo, ndi kuthera kwa ku mikangano ya zachuma. Kumvetsetsa ntchito zake, njira, ndi njira zina zoloŵera m’malo mwalamulo kumapatsa mphamvu magulu onse kuyendetsa malo ndi chidaliro ndi kukwaniritsa zotulukapo zimene zonse ziŵirizo, chuma ndi malamulo a lamulo.