Mbali ya Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe m’Njira ya Sukulu ya Germany

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe ali maziko a nzeru za maphunziro za Germany, akutumikira monga njira yofunika kwambiri yokonzekeretsera ophunzira kuyenda ndi kuthandiza m’chitaganya cha dziko lonse chomawonjezereka ndi chogwirizana. M'dziko limene lasintha kwambiri kuchokera ku kudziona monga chikhalidwe chimodzi kutengera ku chikhalidwe chake, maphunziro a chikhalidwe asintha kukhala maziko ofunika kwambiri othandizira kuchirikiza luso la kakhalidwe, mgwirizano wa anthu, ndi makhalidwe a demokrase pakati pa achinyamata. Njira imeneyi ya maphunziro imafalikira kwambiri kuposa kulolera zinthu mosavuta, kukulitsa luso, nzeru, ndi maganizo ofunika kwa ophunzira kuti agwirizane ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu onse aŵiri m’dziko la Germany ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kusintha kwa Mbiri ya Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe ku Germany

Kusintha kwa Jeremani pa maphunziro a chikhalidwe kwasintha kwambiri zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, kusonyeza masinthidwe aakulu a chikhalidwe ndi kumvetsetsa kwa mitundu ndi kugwirizana. Nyengo yapambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II inakhala ndi nyengo yosinthira kwambiri m'maphunziro a Germany, pamene dzikolo linalimbana ndi kufunika kwa kumangansonso maziko ake akuthupi komanso chikhalidwe chake ndi maziko ake. Kugogomezera kuchirikiza kumvetsetsa kwa kamvedwe ka anthu kunabuka monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chosonkhezeredwa ndi kufunika kwa kuletsa mikangano yamtsogolo ndi kuchirikiza kusokonezeka kwa anthu mu chitaganya ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu ndi nkhanza za ulamuliro wa Nazi.

Mkati mwa 1960 ndi 1970, Germany anatengera njira ya assimilationism yodziŵika monga "wochokera kunja pedagogy" (Ausnderpädagogik) kusamalira zosoŵa za maphunziro za ana osamukira kumaiko ena, makamaka awo ochokera ku mabanja a alendo amene anafika kudzachirikiza kumanganso kwa chuma kwa Germany. Komabe, njira imeneyi inatsimikizira kukhala yopereŵera popeza inalephera kuzindikira mkhalidwe wachikhalire wa kusamuka ndi phindu la miyambo pakati pa dziko la Germany.

Ma 1980 ndi ma 1990 anawona kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono ku maphunziro a zaumulungu, kuimira njira yopita patsogolo ndi yophatikizapo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'masukulu. Chisinthiko chimenechi chinasonyeza kuwonjezereka kwa kuzindikira kuti Germany anakhala, kuchitidwa ngati sanavomereze mwalamulo, dziko losamukira. Mu 1996, msonkhano wa Disctive Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs (Kullitus Kontenfenz kapena KK) anagwiritsira ntchito lingaliro la maphunziro otsalira mwambo kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m'zizo zake, kuutcha dzikolo kukhala chuma chofunikira cha maphunziro onse kwa ophunzira, osati monga kuyankha chabe kusamuka.

Mu 2013, Msonkhano wa Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs unafalitsa zikalata zopereka malingaliro omveka onena za maphunziro a chikhalidwe m’masukulu a ku Germany, kulongosola luso la kugwirizanitsa monga luso lalikulu kwa achichepere, ntchito yotsegulira aphunzitsi, ndi cholinga chofunika kwambiri cha kukula ndi kulimba kwa sukulu. Chikalata chotchukachi chinakhazikitsa maziko amene akupitirizabe kutsogolera njira ndi kutsata maphunziro m'maboma khumi ndi limodzi a Germany.

Makonzedwe a Gulu ndi Ulamuliro wa Maphunziro

Kuzindikira maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany kumafuna kuyamikira kakonzedwe kapadera ka boma la dzikolo, kamene kamapereka ufulu waukulu kwa maboma a maphunziro. Maboma khumi ndi limodzi a dziko la Germany ali ndi ulamuliro wa chikhalidwe, kupatsa udindo maphunziro, sayansi, ndi chikhalidwe pamene akulingalira za mbiri, malo, chikhalidwe, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a m’madera awo.

Msonkhano wa ku Disct of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs (KMK) unapangidwa mu 1948 kuti usungire kusasintha pakati pa maboma khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi a boma pa malire ena. Malamulo ameneŵa amatheketsa atumiki kapena oimira boma lililonse kukambirana nkhani za maphunziro, kufufuza, ndi chikhalidwe ndi cholinga chofuna kupanga malingaliro ogwirizana ndi miyezo yofanana, pamene kuli kwakuti akukhudzabe ufulu wa chigawo ndi kusiyana kwa zinthu.

Malamulo a boma ameneŵa amatanthauza kuti pamene kuli kwakuti kuchuluka kwa malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ndi zilozero zotsogolera za chikhalidwe m’Germany yense, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera ku boma ndi boma. Bundesland iliyonse imakulitsa maphunziro ake, miyezo ya maphunziro, ndi njira zakutizakuti zogwirizanitsa maphunziro a chikhalidwe, kutulukapo maprogramu ambiri a miyambo imene imasonyeza mikhalidwe yakumaloko ndi zinthu zofunika koposa pamene ikumamatira ku mapindu ndi zolinga za dziko limodzi.

Mbali za Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe m’Bungwe la Chijeremani

Kuphunzira Chinenero ndi Kusiyanasiyana kwa Zinenero

Maphunziro a zinenero amapanga maziko a maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany, akumagwira ntchito monga chiŵiya chothandiza polankhulana ndi kumvetsetsa miyambo yosiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro. Kuphunzira chinenero chachilendo kuli kokakamiza m’dziko lonse la Germany m’sukulu za sekondale, ndipo Chingelezi ndicho chimodzi cha zinthu zotchuka kwambiri. Komabe, maphunziro a zinenero za Germany amaposa malangizo a Chingelezi.

Ophunzira pa Gymnasium ina afunikira kuphunzira Chilatini monga chinenero chawo choyamba chachilendo ndi kusankha chinenero chachilendo, ndi zosankha zofala kuphatikizapo Chingelezi, Chifrenchi, Chispanya, ndi Chigiriki chakale. Chiŵerengero cha ophunzira ophunzira zinenero zachilendo zochepera monga Chitaliyana ndi Chispanya chawonjezereka m’zaka zaposachedwapa, ndipo Chidanishi, Chidatchi, ndi Chitcheki amaphunzitsidwa m’madera oyandikana nawo, kusonyeza kudzipereka kwa Jeremani ku kuchirikiza kugwirizana ndi anansi ake a ku Ulaya ndi kupititsa patsogolo chidziŵitso cha madera.

Mwachitsanzo, m’sukulu zonse za pulaimale za ku Länder, maphunziro a chinenero chachilendo amakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu m’maphunziro a sukulu za pulaimale monga nkhani yokakamiza m’magiredi 3 ndi 4.

Sukulu zikuphatikizapo maphunziro a zinenero zambiri, kuzindikira kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu a Germany nchosiyana kwambiri. Njira imeneyi ikuvomereza kuti ophunzira ochokera kumaiko akunja amabweretsa maphunziro m’kalasi ndipo amafuna kuyamikira ndi kukulitsa mapikisano ameneŵa limodzi ndi kuphunzira chinenero chachijeremani ndi chinenero chachilendo.

Zojambulajambula, Nyimbo, ndi Kalankhulidwe Kabwino

Maluso ali ndi malo apamwamba m'njira ya maphunziro a chikhalidwe a Germany, akumapereka kwa ophunzira mwaŵi wa kufufuza mawu a chikhalidwe osiyanasiyana, kukulitsa luso lakulenga, ndi kuphatikizidwa ndi miyambo yokongola kuchokera ku dziko lonse. Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro apamwamba, sukulu za Germany zimaphatikizapo luso, nyimbo, ndi maseŵera m'masukulu oyambirira, kukhazikitsa maziko a chiyamikiro cha chikhalidwe ndi kuyambika kwa maluso a maphunziro apamwamba.

Nkhani zimenezi zimathandiza ophunzira kudziŵa ndi kumvetsa miyambo ya chikhalidwe mwa kukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito luso la zojambulajambula, kaya mwa kuimba nyimbo zochokera ku miyambo yosiyanasiyana, kuphunzira luso la zojambulajambula kuchokera ku nyengo zosiyanasiyana za m’mbiri ndi malo osiyanasiyana, kapena kuchita nawo masewero osiyanasiyana ofufuza nkhani ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana.

Mabungwe a zachikhalidwe amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m’maphunziro a zojambulajambula, ndi masukulu ambiri amene amagwirira ntchito limodzi ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, maholo a maholo, ndi malo osungirako zinthu zapadera kuti athandize ophunzira kukhala ndi mwayi wophunzira. Maubwenzi ameneŵa amathandiza ophunzira kukumana ndi akatswiri ojambula zithunzi, kuona zinthu zapamwamba zopangidwa ndi anthu, ndiponso kumvetsa bwino zinthu zopanga zinthu ndi chikhalidwe zimene zimapanga luso la zojambulajambula.

Mbiri, Sayansi ya Kakhalidwe ka Anthu, ndi Kumvetsa Chikhalidwe

Maphunziro a sayansi a mbiri ndi a kakhalidwe amapereka maziko ofunika a kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe, maluso a kakhalidwe, ndi njira zovuta zimene zaumba chitaganya cha Jeremani cha m’nthaŵiyo ndi dziko lofutukuka. Nthaŵi yofanana imatsimikizira maziko a maphunziro a mitundu yonse ya sukulu ndi maphunziro m’maphunziro apamwamba, ophatikizapo Chijeremani, masamu, chinenero choyamba chachilendo, sayansi yachilengedwe, ndi sayansi ya kakhalidwe ka anthu.

Zaka zaposachedwapa zakhala ndi zoyesayesa zazikulu kutsimikizira kuti mbiri ndi sayansi ya za mayanjano ya kumbuyo kwa maphunziro a kusiyanasiyana, tsankho, ndi kumvetsetsana kwa mayanjano. Mu December 2022, Msonkhano Waukali wa Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs, Central Council of German Sinti ndi Roman, ndi Alliance kaamba ka Kugwirizana ndi Sinti ndi Roma ya ku Ulaya inafalitsa chilengezo cha kuphunzitsa mbiri ndi mkhalidwe wamakono wa Sinti ndi Roma m’masukulu. Chizunzo ndi Chipululutso cha Sinti ndi Chipululutso cha Chikupululutso ndi Roma ziyenera kukhala mbali yapadera ya maphunziro, kutsimikizira kuti ophunzira amvetsetse kukula kotheratu kwa kusalungama kwa mbiri yakale ndi ziyambukiro zawo.

Mu December 2024, Msonkhano wa Ministry of Education, Central Council of Jews ku Germany, ndi Association of Educational Media inavomereza ndemanga ndi zikalata zogwirizana pa kuimira Chiyuda koyenera ndi kosiyana m’manyuzipepala oulutsa maphunziro, cholinga cha kuthetsa tsankho, malingaliro olakwika, ndi kupotoza m’chiphunzitso cha mbiri yachiyuda, chikhalidwe, ndi chipembedzo. Chilengezocho chimagogomezera kuti moyo wachiyuda uyenera kuperekedwa mpangidwe wake ndi kusiyana kwake, kuzindikira kuti Chiyuda ku Germany, Ulaya, ndi dziko lapansi ndi mbali ya moyo wa anthu amene mawu awo ayenera kumvedwa m’zofalitsa nkhani zamaphunziro.

Mu June 2021, Bungwe la Central Council of Jeremani, oimira Federal - Länder Commission of Anti - Semitism, ndi Msonkhano Wapamanjanawo anavomereza chivomerezo chogwirizana cha kuchita ndi kutsutsa Chinetso m’sukulu, akumanena kuti chidziŵitso chonena za mbiri ndi kukhalapo kwa Ayuda limodzinso ndi chiyambi, zisonyezero, ndi zotulukapo za udani wa Ayuda nzofunika kuletsa ndi kulimbana ndi chiSemithismu.

Maphunziro Achipembedzo ndi Achipembedzo

Malinga ndi lamulo la Basic Law, malangizo achipembedzo ali mbali ya maphunziro m’masukulu a boma ndipo amaperekedwa mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha chipembedzo. Njira imeneyi imasonyeza kudzipereka kwa Germany ku kulemekeza kusiyana kwa zipembedzo pamene akupatsa ophunzira mipata ya kukulitsa kumvetsetsa miyambo yachipembedzo ndi malamulo a makhalidwe osiyanasiyana.

Mwana akangokwanitsa zaka 12, makolo asankha kaya ana alandire maphunziro achipembedzo; kuyambira pa zaka 12 mpaka 14, makolo ayenera kuvomereza mwanayo popanga zosankha; ndi mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 14, iye amakhala ndi ufulu wosankha kaya apite ku maphunziro a chipembedzo. Zimenezi zimalemekeza ufulu wa makolo ndi kukulitsa ufulu wa achinyamata.

Ophunzira amaphunziranso nkhani monga maphunziro a za m’mabanja, kukhazikika, maphunziro apamwamba, ndi zina zambiri, kutsimikizira kuti mwambo ndi chikhalidwe zimagwirizanitsidwa m’masukulu onse m’malo mongoloŵetsedwa m’makalasi a maphunziro achipembedzo.

Maphunziro a Kupita Patsogolo Kothandiza ndi Unzika wa Padziko Lonse

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany akulimbikitsa kwambiri kusungidwa ndi kukhala nzika padziko lonse monga mbali zofunika kwambiri zokonzekeretsa ophunzira kukonzekera mavuto ndi mipata ya m’zaka za zana la 21. Mu June 2024, Msonkhano wa Disty unatengera njira yatsopano ya maphunziro ochirikiza kupita patsogolo m’masukulu, kukhazikitsa zitsogozo, ndi zofunika zothandizira kuwongolera bwino ESD kusukulu ndi kuphunzitsa, zozikidwa pa United Nations Sustatible Development (SDGS) ndi kuwagwirizanitsa m'maphunziro a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku.

Germany wapanga kuyesayesa kwamphamvu kugwirizanitsa maphunziro a nyengo ndi maphunziro onse . "Bwanji sayansi, maphunziro a kakhalidwe ka anthu, kapena a zachuma." Sukulu zina tsopano zimaphatikizapo ntchito zokongoletsa nyengo kapena kuyesanso mphamvu monga mbali ya zopereka zawo zoyenerera, kusonyeza mmene maphunziro ochirikiza angalinganizidwire m’maphunziro onse a maphunzirowo m’njira zothandiza ndi zoloŵetsedwamo.

Maphunziro apadziko lonse amathandiza ophunzira kuti azikhala osamala ndi nkhani za padziko lonse monga kusalingana kwa anthu, kusamuka, ndi ufulu wa pakompyuta, kuti apeze chidziŵitso, maluso, ndi makhalidwe ofunika kuti athe kuchita nawo ntchito yolimbana ndi mavuto a padziko lonse.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Masukulu a ku Germany

Kuphatikiza Mfundo za M’kati Monga Nkhani Yokhudza Mtanda

Chigamulo cha 2013 cha Msonkhano wa Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs pa maphunziro a chikhalidwe m'masukulu chikusonyeza zolinga ndi mfundo za sukulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zimene ziyenera kukhala zopanda tsankho ndi zobisa ndi zokonda kutengera chikhalidwe, ndi zinenero za ophunzira. Chiphunzitso chimenechi chimakhazikitsa luso lakuphunzira osati monga nkhani yosiyana koma monga mutu wankhani wokhudzana ndi mtanda womwe uli wokhudza mbali zonse za moyo wasukulu.

Masukulu a KMK a 2013 a Indasitale ya Maphunziro ku Sukulu anakhazikitsa zolinga zinayi zopangira masukulu adongosolo: sukulu zimawona kusiyana kwa masukulu kukhala kwachibadwa ndipo monga zothekera kwa aliyense; masukulu amachirikiza kuyambika kwa maluso a kugwirizanitsa zinthu m’nkhani zonse ndi m’ntchito zina zapambuyo pa sukulu; sukulu ndiyo malo apamwamba a kukulitsa maluso a chinenero omwe amakhozetsa ophunzira kupeza chidziŵitso chowonjezereka; ndipo sukulu zimalimbikitsa kugwirizana m’maphunziro.

Njira yokwanira imeneyi ikufuna kuti aphunzitsi a kumbali zonse za nkhani alingalire mmene kuphunzitsa kwawo kungathandizire kuyambitsa maluso a ophunzira. Aphunzitsi a masamu angafufuze mmene miyambo yosiyanasiyana yathandizira pa chidziŵitso cha masamu; aphunzitsi a sayansi angafufuze mmene machitidwe a sayansi amasiyanirana ndi chikhalidwe; ndipo aphunzitsi angatsimikizire kuti mpambo wawo wa kuŵerenga umaphatikizapo mawu ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana.

Maprogramu a Kusinthana ndi Mabungwe a Padziko Lonse

Maprogramu osinthana zinthu padziko lonse ndiwo mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe, akumapereka ophunzira zokumana nazo za zikhalidwe zina ndi mipata ya kugwiritsa ntchito maluso awo a zinenero ndi a chikhalidwe cholondola. Germany amachirikiza kusinthana kwa ophunzira kwa mitundu yonse makamaka kupyolera mwa Erasmus+ ndi German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), ndi Erasmus+ amene amapititsa patsogolo ophunzira m’maiko a ku Ulaya ndi maiko ena ogwirira ntchito limodzi, akumapatsa mwaŵi wosaŵerengeka kwa ophunzira a ku Germany kuphunzira m’maiko akutali ndi m’maiko ena kuti aphunzire ku Germany.

Sukulu za ku Germany za kumaiko akunja ndizo maziko aakulu a mayanjano ndi maphunziro, zikumagwira ntchito monga malo a kukambitsirana kwa mayanjano makamaka oyenerera kukonzekeretsa ophunzira a zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kaamba ka mtsogolo. Central Agency for Schools Abroad ikuchirikiza ndi kupititsa patsogolo sukulu 140 za Germany kumaiko akunja kwa maiko 72 okhala ndi ana pafupifupi 85,000, amene 600,000 mwa iwo ali ana a chiyambi chosakhala Ajeremani.

Ophunzira amene amathandizana pa mapulogalamu a mayiko osiyanasiyana amathandizana kuti azitha kulankhulana bwino, kudziwa chikhalidwe, kusinthasinthasintha kwa zinthu, ndiponso kuona zinthu moyenera pa nkhani zapadziko lonse.

Kugwirizana ndi Mabungwe a Chikhalidwe

Sukulu za ku Germany kaŵirikaŵiri zimathandizana ndi mamyuziyamu, mabwalo a maseŵero, nyumba za konsati, malaibulale, ndi malo ena a chikhalidwe kuti awonjezere zokumana nazo za ophunzira zamwambo. Magwirizano ameneŵa amapereka chuma, ukatswiri, ndi zokumana nazo zimene sukulu zokha sizingapereke, kutheketsa ophunzira kugwirizana ndi akatswiri a zojambulajambula, osamalira, olemba mbiri yakale, ndi odziŵa zina zachikhalidwe.

Kugwirizana koteroko kungaphatikizepo maulendo oyendera malo oonetsera zinthu za m’nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zosiyanasiyana, malo ochitiramo zinthu zojambula ochokera ku zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kupezeka pa masewero osiyanasiyana osonyeza nkhani zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe, kapena kutenga nawo mbali m’mapwando a chikhalidwe cha anthu. Maphunziro osangalatsa ameneŵa amapangitsa maphunziro a chikhalidwe kukhala odalirika ndiponso osaiwalika, kuthandiza ophunzira kukulitsa chiyamikiro chachikulu cha chikhalidwe ndi kalankhulidwe ka zinthu.

Zochita Zina za Pasukulu Ndiponso Chikhalidwe cha Kusukulu

Maprogramu onga madongosolo a mabwenzi, mautumiki operekera uphungu, ndi masiku a kugwirizanitsa amalimbikitsa kumvetsetsana pakati pa ophunzira ochokera ku ziyambi zosiyanasiyana. Kuyesayesa kumeneku kumapangitsa malo a kusinthana kwamwambo ndi kumanga ubale zimene zimagwirizanitsa zolembedwazo.

Masiku kapena milungu, imene sukulu zimapanga ntchito zapadera zokondwerera chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana, zafala m’sukulu zambiri za ku Germany. Zochitika zimenezi zingaphatikizepo malankhulidwe a ophunzira a chikhalidwe chawo, kuimba nyimbo ndi kuvina kuchokera ku miyambo yosiyanasiyana, kukonzekera ndi kugaŵana zakudya za m’mafuko osiyanasiyana, ndi makambitsirano okhudza chikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe. Zochita zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ana a sukulu azikonda kwambiri kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe ndiponso kuti apeze mipata youzana nawo chikhalidwe chawo ndi kuphunzira kwa anzawo.

Mabungwe a ophunzira ndi mabungwe a maphunziro apamwamba a zachikhalidwe, a mayiko osiyanasiyana, kapena a chikhalidwe china, amathandiza kuti ophunzira amene akuphunzira maphunzirowa azikhala ndi chidwi chophunzira zinthu zachikhalidwe chawo komanso kuti aziphunzira bwino zinthu zina zokhudza chikhalidwe chawo.

Ubwino ndi Zotsatira za Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe

Kukula kwa Kachitidwe Kotsatira Malamulo

Phindu lalikulu la maphunziro a chikhalidwe ndilo kukula kwa luso lakulankhulana bwino ndi anthu a chikhalidwe chosiyana. Kukhoza kumeneku kumaphatikizapo chidziŵitso cha chikhalidwe ndi kukondera kwa munthu, maluso a kulankhulana kwabwino kwa m’njira zosiyanasiyana, ndi maganizo a kumasuka, kufuna kudziŵa zinthu, ndi kulemekeza kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe.

Ophunzira amene amakulitsa luso lakugwirizanitsa zinthu ali okonzeka bwino kuyenda m’madera osiyanasiyana, kugwirizana bwino m’timagulu ta mafuko osiyanasiyana, ndi kuthandiza kwambiri ku ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi zikhalidwe. Maluso ameneŵa akhala ofunika kwambiri m'dziko logwirizana kwambiri mmene kugwiritsa ntchito mitanda ya m’njira zosiyanasiyana kuli kofala m’nkhani zaukatswiri, za anthu, ndi za anthu.

Kulimbikitsa Kugwirizana pa Makhalidwe a Anthu ndi Makhalidwe Achidemokrase

Chikalata chaposachedwapa chotchedwa Act to Protect of Democracy, Send Diversity, Provet Extremism , ndi Expitance Education chimathandiza ntchito za ku Germany zimene zimayambitsa ndi kuyesa malingaliro atsopano ndi njira zatsopano zolimbikitsira demokrase, kuumba mitundu, ndi kuletsa kuloŵerera m'zinthu. Malamulo ameneŵa amavomereza mbali yofunika kwambiri imene maphunziro amachita pochirikiza kugawana kwa demokrase ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu.

Luso limasonyeza kuti m’makalasi ophatikizapo anthu ena muli kukondana kwapamwamba ndi kugwirizana kwabwino kwa mayanjano, kusonyeza mapindu owonekera a njira zimene zimagwirizanitsa kusiyanasiyana ndi kuchirikiza kuzindikira kwachibadwa. Pamene ophunzira aphunzira kuyamikira kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe ndi kuzindikira mtundu wa anthu m’mipambo yachikhalidwe, amakulitsa kudzipereka kwamphamvu ku mikhalidwe ya demokrase yonga ngati kulingana, chilungamo, ndi ulemu kwa onse.

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe amathandiza kuletsa tsankho, tsankho, ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kukayikira mfundo zofala ndi kupereka chidziŵitso cholondola cholondola ponena za magulu osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe. Sukulu ziyenera kukhala zotsutsa kudana ndi maganizo a anthu ndi kukana kusokonezeka maganizo, motero zikumapatsa ana onse ndi achinyamata mwayi wofanana, wokhala ndi ana ndi achinyamata amene akuzindikira ndi kulimbikitsa kuti Sinti ndi Roma azitetezedwa ku tsankho m’chitaganya.

Kuganiza ndi Malingaliro Oipa Kowonjezereka

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe amakulitsa kukhoza kwa ophunzira kusuliza mwa kuwasonyeza malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa zochitika za m'mbiri, nkhani za mayanjano, ndi miyambo. Pamene ophunzira apeza malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndi kuphunzira kupenda mmene mwambo umasinthira kamvedwe ndi katanthauziridwe, iwo amakulitsa maluso a kulingalira ocholoŵana ndi kusinthika kwa nzeru.

Kukhoza kuwona malingaliro a ena . Kuzindikira mmene dziko limaonekera kuchokera ku malo osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe . Ndicho chotulukapo chachikulu cha maphunziro amwambo okhutiritsa. Kukhoza kumeneku kwa kuona zinthu mowonjezereka kukulitsa chifundo, kuchepetsa kumvetsetsa, ndi kutheketsa kumvetsetsa kowonjezereka kwa nkhani zovuta za kakhalidwe ndi zandale. Ophunzira amene amakulitsa maluso amphamvu a kuona zinthu ali okonzeka bwino kuwongolera mikangano, kupeza maziko ofanana othetsera kusiyana, ndi kuthandiza kugwirizanitsa mavuto.

Kukonzekera Unzika wa Padziko Lonse ndi Ntchito Yake

M'dziko logwirizana mowonjezereka, kuzoloŵera kwa chikhalidwe kwakhala kofunika kaamba ka chipambano cha ntchito m’mbali zonse. Olemba ntchito mowonjezereka amakonda antchito amene angagwire ntchito mogwira ntchito bwino m’magulu osiyanasiyana, kulankhulana mopyola malire a chikhalidwe, ndi kumvetsetsa misika yapadziko lonse ndi malingaliro. Maphunziro a mwambo apatsa ophunzira mapindu a mpikisano pa malonda a ntchito mwakukulitsa maluso ofunafuna kwambiri a pambuyo pake.

Kuwonjezera pa kukonza ntchito, maphunziro a zachikhalidwe amathandiza ophunzira kuti akhale nzika zapadziko lonse zogwira ntchito mwakhama, kuzindikira zinthu zimene zikuchitika padziko lonse, ndiponso kuchita zinthu mozindikira pankhani zokhudza dziko lonse.

Kukula kwa Munthu ndi Kukula kwa Chidziŵitso

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe amathandiza kwambiri kuti ophunzira apite patsogolo ndiponso kuti adziwike. Kwa ophunzira ochokera kumadera ochepa kapena ochokera kudziko lina, kuona chikhalidwe chawo chikuimira ndi kuyamikira maphunziro awo kungathandize ophunzira kukhala ndi mtima wodzidalira, kukonzekera maphunziro, ndi kudziona ngati anthu apamwamba. Kwa ophunzira ochokera kumadera ambiri, kutsutsana ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa malo, ndi kulemera kwa mawonekedwe a dziko.

Kuphunzira za chikhalidwe china kaŵirikaŵiri kumasonkhezera kusinkhasinkha za chikhalidwe cha munthu, makhalidwe ake, ndi malingaliro ake. Kusintha kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe kumathandiza ophunzira kuzindikira bwino ndi kusiyanitsa malo awo a chikhalidwe ndi mmene amasinthira malingaliro awo ndi zokumana nazo. Kudziwiratu koteroko nkofunika kwambiri kuti adzidziŵike ndi kugwirizanitsa kogwira mtima.

Mavuto a Pambuyo Pake pa Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe

Kuphunzitsa Mokhazikika

Dongosolo la maphunziro likupitirizabe kulimbana kuti likwaniritse zosoŵa za ana ndi achichepere ochokera ku ziyambi zosiyanasiyana, kusonyeza mitundu ya kusalingana ndi tsankho zimene zimalepheretsa kugwirizana ndi maphunziro ogwira mtima a ophunzira a mafuko osiyanasiyana, zinenero, chikhalidwe, ndi chipembedzo. Zimenezi n’zoona makamaka kwa ophunzira ochokera ku maiko osakhala apamwamba, aumphaŵi, ndiponso ophunzira ochokera ku mabanja achilendo: magulu amene amaloŵana kaŵirikaŵiri.

Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo ogwirizana pa maphunziro a zachuma ndi kuphatikizidwa, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ophunzira ochokera kumaiko ena ndi anzawo ochokera ku Germany. Kusiyana kumeneku kumasonyeza kugwirizana kocholoŵana pakati pa zinthu za kakhalidwe ka anthu, zinenero, tsankho, ndi mbali za maphunziro a ku Germany, kuphatikizapo kutengera kwake sukulu m’masukulu osiyanasiyana.

Kuti tithetse kusiyana kumeneku, pamafunika kuti tiwonjezere maphunziro a chikhalidwe komanso kuti tisinthe zinthu kuti tipeze mwayi wophunzitsa moyenera, tithandize mokwanira anthu kulankhula chinenero, ndiponso kuti tithetseretu makhalidwe ndi zigwirizano zimene zimalepheretsa ophunzira ochokera ku zikhalidwe zina.

Kukonzekera Zinthu Zochepa Ndiponso Kuchepa kwa Aphunzitsi

Kugwiritsira ntchito maphunziro a chikhalidwe kumafunikira zinthu zofunika, kuphatikizapo ziŵiya zophunzitsira, kupita patsogolo kwa aphunzitsi, nthaŵi yophunzira, ndi kugwirizana ndi zigwirizano za chikhalidwe. Sukulu zambiri zimayang'anizana ndi zitsenderezo m'mbali zimenezi, zikumachepetsa kukhoza kwawo kupereka maphunziro apamwamba a chikhalidwe kwa ophunzira onse.

Kukonzekera aphunzitsi kumatanthauza vuto lapadera. Maphunziro, amene amachitidwa pamlingo wa maphunziro, kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo nkhani zamwambo kapena zosiyanasiyana, koma zimenezi sizofunikira kwenikweni.

Sitepe loyamba ndilo kuchititsa aphunzitsi kukhala ozindikira m’nkhani zonse kuzindikira zochitika zotsutsa ndi kukhoza kuchita mogwirizana ndi . Lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino limeneli limagwira ntchito mokulira ku mitundu yonse ya tsankho ndi tsankho . Aphunzitsi amafunikira kukonzekera kuwona ndi kusamalira nkhani zimenezi mogwira mtima pamene abuka m’makalasi ndi m’midzi ya sukulu.

Magaŵano a Chikhalidwe ndi Kusagwirizana kwa Ndale

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe sachitika popanda chifukwa koma amachitika m’magulu andale amene amalimbikitsa mikangano yokhudza kusamuka, kucheza ndi anthu, kudziwika kwa mayiko, ndiponso chikhalidwe.

Mbali zina za chitaganya cha Germany zimakana njira zachikhalidwe za maphunziro, zimasankha zitsanzo za anthu ochirikiza mwambo ndi chinenero zimene zimagogomezera kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi chinenero cha Germany pamene zikuchepetsa kusamala zinthu za kusiyana kwa mitundu. Kulimbana kumeneku kungaonekere m’mikangano yokhudza maphunziro, makangano onena za miyambo yachipembedzo m’sukulu, kapena kutsutsa njira zochirikizira kumvetsetsana kwa miyambo.

Kuletsa mikangano imeneyi kumafuna chisamaliro chosamalitsa ku kulankhulana ndi makolo ndi anthu, kulinganiza bwino njira zophunzitsira za maphunziro a chikhalidwe, ndi njira zimene zimamanga maulalo mmalo mokulitsa magaŵano. Sukulu ziyenera kupeza njira zolemekezera makhalidwe ogaŵanikana ndi mapangano a anthu onse pamene zikuzindikira ndi kuyamikira kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe.

Kulinganiza Kuzama ndi Chakudya

Chitokoso chosatha cha maphunziro a chikhalidwe chimaphatikizapo kulinganiza kuya ndi ukulu wokwanira wa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana pamene kuli kwakutinso kutheketsa kumvetsetsa kozama kwa miyambo ina ndi nkhani zozungulira. Njira zapamwamba zimene zimachepetsa miyambo kukhala zithunzi zotsatizana kapena mfundo zodziwikiratu zimalephera kukulitsa kukhoza kwachibadwa kwa anthu ndipo zingachirikize ngakhale malingaliro ovuta.

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe amafunika kusintha njira zimene zimaonetsa chikhalidwe kukhala zachilendo kuti ziyesedwe mwachidule, mmalo mwake kulimbikitsa kudalirana ndi chikhalidwe chocholoŵana, kusiyanasiyana kwa m'dziko, ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Zimenezi zimafunikira kulinganiza bwino, kugaŵira nthaŵi yokwanira, ndi njira zopimira kufunafuna zinthu zofunika kwambiri mmalo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito chidziŵitso chachikhalidwe.

Kuthetsa Tsankho ndi Makhalidwe a Anthu

Komabe, sukulu zimapanga makalasi osiyanasiyana kukhala vuto kapena chitokoso, kaŵirikaŵiri kusonyeza m’kuwunikira, tsankho, ndi mitundu ya tsankho imene imalepheretsa kuphatikizidwa ndi maphunziro ogwira mtima a ophunzira a mafuko, zinenero, ndi zipembedzo zina — kuphatikizapo ophunzira othaŵa kwawo, ophunzira Achisilamu, ophunzira a fuko la Roma, ndi ophunzira a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kusintha malingaliro osintha amene amaona kusiyana kukhala vuto la zinthu zimene zimazindikira kuti kusiyana kwa zinthu n’kwabwino kumafuna khama lokhalitsa pamlingo wochuluka(kuchokera ku maganizo ndi zochita za mphunzitsi mmodzi ndi mmodzi kupita ku malamulo ndi nyumba. Kusintha kumeneku n’kofunika kuti maphunziro a chikhalidwe athe kuchirikiza kuyenera kwa kuyenera ndi kuphatikizidwa.

Njira Zatsopano Zodziŵira ndi Zotsogolera M’tsogolo

Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta Ndiponso Kusinthana Zinthu

Kuphatikiza pa mapulogalamu a zamakono, anthu amene amaphunzira zinthu zosiyanasiyana m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono popanga mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti, ndiponso njira zofufuzira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Chenicheni ndi luso la zopangapanga lowonjezera limapereka lonjezo lapadera la maphunziro a chikhalidwe, kutheketsa zokumana nazo zokondweretsa za malo a chikhalidwe, zochitika za m'mbiri, ndi zojambula zimene zikanakhala zosafikirika.

Kufunika kwambiri kwa makompyuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga nkhani yophunzitsa ndi kuphunzira ndiponso, mogwirizana ndi zinthu zophunzitsira m’masukulu, monga malo a pakompyuta ophunzitsira.

Kupikisana

Njira zofufuzira zikuchokera ku mapikica a mwambo ku mayeso otsatizana kwambiri, mapulogalamu otsatizana, ndi ophunzira amene tsopano amapindulidwa pa maluso onga kugwira ntchito pamodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mavuto, ndi kulemba ndi makompyuta, osati kungoloŵeza pamtima. Kusintha kumeneku kuli ndi matanthauzo ofunika kwambiri pa maphunziro a chikhalidwe, kutheketsa kupenda kolondola kwambiri mipikisano ya pa intercultural kudzera pa ma portfolios, ntchito, ndi ntchito zozikidwa pa ntchito.

Njira zogwirizana zingagwire bwino kwambiri maphunziro ovuta, osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo maganizo, maluso, ndi chidziŵitso chimene chiri chovuta kusanthula kupyolera m'makompyuta a mwambo. Makompyuta a pakompyuta, makamaka, amakhozetsa ophunzira kulemba ndi kusinkhasinkha pa zokumana nazo zawo zakuphunzira kwanthaŵi yaitali, kupanga mbiri yochuluka ya kukula ndi kukula.

Kukula kwa Mabuku Onse

Aphunzitsi ndi opanga malamulo azindikira kuti maphunziro amakhalidwe abwino amafunikira njira zapamwamba zimene zimaposa zimene ana a sukulu amaphunzira, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha sukulu, malamulo, antchito, ndi mayanjano a anthu.

Njira zonse za sukulu zingaphatikizepo kuyesa kuchulukitsa aphunzitsi kuti asonyeze bwino chiŵerengero cha ophunzira, kukhazikitsa njira zopanga zosankha zimene zimaphatikizapo anthu osiyanasiyana opanga malo akuthupi amene ali ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, ndi kuyambitsa kugwirizana ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Njira zomveka zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti pasukulu pakhale kusiyana kwa masukulu kumene kumaonedwa kukhala kofunika kwambiri ndi ophunzira onse amene akuona kuti ndi ofunikadi.

Kulimbikitsa Ntchito Zapadziko Lonse

Kukula kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany kungaphatikizepo kugwirizana kwa mayiko kumene kumathandiza kugaŵana ntchito zothandiza, kukulitsa maphunziro a mapulogalamu a masukulu, ndi kuwonjezera mwayi wa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi. M'mapangano a Aachen" a Franco- Germany ndi kugwirizana kwa January 2019, Germany ndi France aliyense anagwirizana kuyambitsa njira yothandizira kuwonjezera ophunzira ndi ophunzira kuphunzira chinenero cha mnzake, kutsimikizira mmene mapangano a Aachen angachirikizire zolinga za maphunziro a chikhalidwe.

Kugwirizana koteroko kungafutukukire ku Yuropu kuphatikiza kugwirizana ndi sukulu ndi madongosolo a maphunziro m'madera ena, kufutukula chidziŵitso cha ophunzira padziko lonse ndi kuyambitsa mipata ya kuphunzira za chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana. Mabungwe amitundu yonse ameneŵa amakhozetsanso aphunzitsi a ku Germany kuphunzira kuchokera ku njira zatsopano za maphunziro a chikhalidwe oyambitsidwa m'maiko ena, kulimbikitsa kuwongokera ndi kuzoloŵera kwa machitachita.

Kusintha kwa Kukhazikika ndi Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe

Kugwirizanitsidwa kwa maphunziro ochirikiza kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe ndi kuphunzitsidwa ndiko malire ofunika kaamba ka kukula kwa mtsogolo. Maluso ofunika a m’moyo amaphatikizapo kulingalira kwa dongosolo, kusinkhasinkha kosamala, ndi kachitidwe kopereka chithandizo, ndi cholinga chakuti ophunzira apange ponse paŵiri mtsogolo mwawo ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mayanjano m’njira yabwino, mkati mwa malire a pulaneti ndi pamene akuchirikiza zoyenera za anthu onse.

Kugwirizana kumeneku kumavomereza kuti kusamalira mavuto a dziko lonse ochirikizana kumafuna kugwirizana kwa chibadwa ndi kumvetsetsa mmene miyambo yosiyanasiyana imagwirizanirana ndi nkhani za malo okhala, kugwirizanitsa maunansi a anthu ndi malo, ndi kupenda mafunso a kugwiritsira ntchito chuma ndi kutetezera. Maphunziro a chikhalidwe angathandizire kuchirikiza maphunziro ochirikiza kupikisana kwa mpikisano wa m’miyambo mwa kuchirikiza mgwirizano wa padziko lonse pa nkhani za malo okhala, pamene maphunziro ochirikiza maphunziro angalemere maphunziro a chikhalidwe mwakugogomezera kusiyanasiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha zitoko ndi njira zothetsera.

Chichirikizo Chokuzidwa kaamba ka Kufika Kwatsopano kwa Ophunzira

Kudzipereka kwa Jeremani ku maphunziro ophatikizapo kuli kwakukulu kuposa ndi kale lonse, ndi lamulo loperekedwa mu 2024 losonkhezera masukulu kuchirikiza bwino ophunzira okhala ndi zosoŵa zapadera ndi awo ochokera ku ziyambi zosiyanasiyana, kutanthauza aphunzitsi opereka ndalama zambiri, ziŵiya zosinthira kuphunzira, ndi maphunziro apamwamba a chikhalidwe. Kudzipereka kumeneku kumawonjezera kuchirikiza ophunzira obwera chatsopano ndi othaŵa kwawo, amene amayang'anizana ndi mavuto ena pogwirizana ndi maphunziro awo a chikhalidwe.

Kuchirikizidwa kogwira mtima kwa ophunzira ameneŵa kumafuna malangizo a chinenero chapadera, maphunziro amwambo, njira zodziŵira za kusokonezeka maganizo kwa ophunzira amene akumana ndi mavuto kapena chiwawa, ndi maprogramu amene amathandiza mabanja kuyendetsa bwino maphunziro a ku Germany. Sukulu zimene zimachirikiza mwachipambano ophunzira atsopanowo kupanga malo olandirira, zimapereka chuma chokwanira, ndi kuzindikira nyonga ndi chidziŵitso zimene ophunzirawo amabweretsa mmalo mwa kusumika maganizo pa mphulupulu.

Ntchito ya Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe m’Kupenda Tsogolo la Germany

Pamene Germany akupitiriza kusintha monga chitaganya chamitundumitundu, maphunziro a chikhalidwe adzachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m’kuumba mtsogolo mwa mtundu. Maluso, chidziŵitso, ndi malingaliro oyambitsidwa kupyolera m’maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu nkofunika kusungitsa kugwirizana kwa mayanjano, kuchirikiza kuchita nawo za demokalase, kuchirikiza mpikisano wa zachuma, ndi kuthetsa mavuto ovuta amene amafunikira kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe.

Germany wasintha kwambiri kuchoka ku dziko limene linadziwona kukhala lofanana ndi chitaganya chodziŵika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kusamuka. Kusintha kumeneku kumafuna chisinthiko chofanana m’njira zamaphunziro kutsimikizira kuti ophunzira onse . "opanda miyambo yawo) ali ndi mwaŵi wa chipambano ndi kuthandizira chitaganya cha Germany pamene akusungabe kuyenerera ndi kugwirizana kwawo.

Kupambana kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany kudzadalira pa kudzipereka kokhazikika kwa opanga malamulo, aphunzitsi, mabanja, ndi anthu a m’madera osiyanasiyana ku mfundo za kuzindikirana kwa anthu, kukondera, ndi kuphatikizidwa. Zimenezi zimafunikira zipangizo zokwanira, kupita patsogolo kwa aphunzitsi, kuwongolera maphunziro ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu otsatizana ndi zotsatizana, ndiponso kufunitsitsa kuthetsa nkhani zovuta zokhudza tsankho, kusalingana, ndi kupanda chilungamo kwa m’mbiri.

Pali njira zotsimikizirika zoloŵera m’maphunziro ndi njira zothetsera nkhani za demokrase, kusiyana kwa mitundu, ndi mwaŵi wofanana m’sukulu, kusonyeza kuti kusintha kwabwino nkotheka pamene ochititsa zinthu agwirira ntchito pamodzi ndi kuona bwino ndi kuyesayesa kolimba. Kumanga pa machitachita olonjeza ameneŵa pamene akusamalira mavuto osalekeza kudzakhala kofunika kuti ophunzira athe kuzindikira kuthekera kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe kokwanira kukonzekera kutengamo mbali m’zitaganya zosiyanasiyana, zademokrase, ndi zachigwirizano.

Kumaliza: Maphunziro a Chikhalidwe Monga Maziko a Mtsogolo

Maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany amaimira zambiri kuposa kuwonjezera kapena kuchitapo kanthu pa kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu. Iko kuli mbali yaikulu yokonzekeretsa achichepere kaamba ka moyo m’zaka za zana la 21, kukulitsa maluso ofunika kaamba ka chikhutiro chaumwini, chipambano chaukatswiri, unzika wa demokalase, ndi pangano lapadziko lonse. Mwa njira zambiri zimene zimagwirizanitsa nkhani za chikhalidwe ndi nkhani, kupatsa mwaŵi wa kuphunzira, kuwunikira kofufuza, ndi kupititsa patsogolo miyambo ya pasukulu, sukulu za Germany zikuyesayesa kukulitsa maluso a ophunzira a kupikisana ndi kuwakonzekeretsa kuyendera ndi kupanga dziko losiyanasiyana ndi lathunthu.

Kusinthika kwa maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany [1] kuyambira ku assimilationist "kusintha kwachilendo" mpaka ku njira zamakono zothandizira (kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa kutchuka kwa mitundu ya anthu kumene sikuli vuto koma kudalira ndi kukulitsa. Ngakhale kuti mavuto aakulu akupitirizabe, kuphatikizapo kusalingana, kusoŵa ndalama, ndi kusagwirizana kwa chikhalidwe, kudzipereka ku maphunziro a chikhalidwe owonekera m'malamulo, machitachita atsopano, ndi njira zogwirizana zimapereka chifukwa choyembekezera kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Pamene Germany ayang'ana kutsogolo, maphunziro a chikhalidwe adzapitirizabe kusintha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, kupita patsogolo kwa tekinoloji, mavuto a padziko lonse, ndi kutulukira njira zogwirira ntchito. Kugwirizanitsa makompyuta ndi makompyuta, kugogomezera maphunziro ozikidwa pa maluso, njira zonse za maphunziro a sukulu kuti zipangike, ndi kugwirizana pakati pa maphunziro a chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro okhazikika kumasonyeza njira zoperekera njira zopitirizira ndi kuwongolera.

Pamapeto pake, maphunziro a chikhalidwe ku Germany adzayesedwa osati kokha ndi zikalata za malamulo ndi mapulogalamu a maphunziro komanso ndi zokumana nazo za moyo wa ophunzira m’makalasi ndi m’masukulu m’dziko lonselo. Pamene ophunzira ochokera ku ziyambi zosiyanasiyana aona kuti ndi ofunika ndiponso afunika kuphatikizapo, apange mapikisano enieni, ndi okonzekera kuthandizira pa madera osiyanasiyana a demokalase, maphunziro a chikhalidwe adzakhala atakwaniritsa cholinga chake chofunika. Kukwaniritsa masomphenya ameneŵa kumafuna kudzipereka kokhazikika, chuma chokwanira, kuphunzira ndi kuzoloŵera, ndi kugwirizana pakati pa anthu onse odziŵa maphunziro a ku Germany.

Kwa awo amene akufuna kuphunzira zambiri ponena za njira za maphunziro za kusiyanasiyana ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana, [[FLT: 0] Kulimbana ndi Msonkhano wa Atumiki a Maphunziro ndi Atsikana kumapereka zikalata zamphamvu ndi malamulo. Kuwonjezerapo, [[FLT:] UNCUT] ntchito ya maphunziro ogwirizana [[FLT] Nthano] yothandiza kuchirikiza maphunziro [[FULT:3] yothandiza anthu kukhala ndi malo apamwamba [aunziko] [a]] kuwonjezera malingaliro a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ameneŵa. [[FLT:] [FLT] Conics of Europe a maphunziro a [FL:] [FFLT] [5] [F] [5]] imaperekanso maluso ndi chuma chakuthandiza kuchirikiza chidziŵitso chapamwamba ndi kukhala nzika yapamwamba yachikhalidwe. Mabungwe a Chijeremani [F]