Mbali ya Mapwando Andale m’Kulabadira kwa Japan ku Masoka Achilengedwe

Japan ndi imodzi ya mayiko amene amawononga kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe akuyang'anizana ndi zivomezi, matsunami, mphepo zamkuntho, kuphulika kwa mapiri, ndi kugwedezeka kwa nthaka. Kukhoza kwa dzikolo kuchita zinthu mogwira mtima pa zochitika zamwadzidzidzi zimenezi sikuli kokha nkhani ya uinjiniya ndi malamulo a zamwadzidzidzi . Kusintha kwa zochitika zandale kumakhala ndi chifukwa chake dziko la Japan limakhalabe mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse m’kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Chisinthiko cha Ntchito ya Kusamalira Masoka a Japan

Chivomezi Great Kantō chinapha anthu oposa 100,000 ndi kuyambitsa malamulo oyamba a ngozi. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, mgwirizano wa U.S.-Japan unachititsa malingaliro atsopano otetezera boma, koma posinthira kwenikweni panakhala ndi 1995 Great Hanshin System (Kobe), imene inavumbula zofooka zazikulu m'kugwirizanitsa pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi akomwe. Tsoka limenelo linasonkhezera kupangidwa kwa Masoka a Adziko, maziko alamulo amene amagwirizanitsa ntchito zonse za boma.

Zipani za ndale zadziko zinali mbali yaikulu ku kusintha kumeneku. Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), imene yalamulira Japan kwa nthaŵi yochuluka pambuyo pa nkhondo, inachirikiza kufutukuka kwa ulamuliro wa boma wapakati m'kuyankha tsoka. Panthaŵiyo, magulu otsutsa anaumirira kaamba ka ufulu wamphamvu wa kumaloko ndi chiwonjezo chooloŵa manja kwa mikhole. Kulimbana kumeneku . Kulimbana kumeneku . Kusintha kwa pakati pa kugwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kumaloko kukupitiriza kulongosola makambitsirano a ndale onena za malamulo a tsoka lerolino.

Mapwando Aakulu a Zandale ndi Mathayo Ake

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

LDP yakhala mphamvu yaikulu m'ndale zadziko za Japan chiyambire 1955. M'mayang'anira a tsoka, LDP imalamulira Kbitmait , imene imatsogolera kuyankha kwa dziko lonse kupyolera m'Ofesi ya Nduna yaikulu ndi Bibitmap Office Disaster Management Bureau. Lamulo la chipanichi, PRAC (Prolity Affistic Research Council), kupanga malamulo pa chilichonse kuyambira pa kumanga malamulo oletsa kuchitika tsunami mpaka madongosolo ochenjeza. LDP-octed awonjezera mokhazikika za ndalama zotetezera tsoka ndi zopimira, zimene tsopano zikuwonjezereka pa 1 biliyoni chaka chilichonse, kuphatikizapo mabanki apadera a chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi.

LDP imakhala ndi malamulo ambiri ogwirizana ndi tsoka la Japan. Gululi lakhazikitsa ntchito zazikulu zamaziko . . . masitepe a nyumba zapamwamba , kusamuka kwa anthu, ndi malo osungiramo madzi pansi pa nthaka. Nthaŵi zambiri amatsutsa kuti anthu amasonkhezera chuma pamene akutetezera. Njira imeneyi yatsutsidwa ndi magulu ena otsutsa monga yowononga ndi yowononga malo okhala, koma imakhazikikabe m'malo a malamulo.

Komeito

Komeito, mnzake wa LDP wamng'ono kuyambira 1999, akupereka chisamaliro chapadera pa ubwino wa anthu. Kuchokera ku gulu lachibuda (Soka Gakai), Komeito nthaŵi zonse wakhala akuchirikiza kwambiri anthu ovutika pa masoka [1] kuphatikizapo okalamba, opunduka, ndi anthu osakhala a ku Japan. Gululi linathandiza kwambiri kukonzanso za chithandizo cha ngozi kuti zikhale malo osungirako bwino anthu othaŵa kwawo. Malo audzu amathandizanso kugwirizanitsa ntchito yaufulu ndi kuyendetsa galimoto.

Chipani cha Democratic Party cha Japan (CDP)

CDP, chipani chotsutsa chachikulu kwambiri, chimakhala ngati chipani cholondera powononga zinthu. Pambuyo pa chivomezi ndi tsunami cha 2011 Tōhoku, CDP (panopo mbali ya Chipani cha Democratic Party ku Japan) inaimba mlandu LDP ya kuchedwa kupanga zosankha m’maola oyambirira a vutolo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, CDP yakonza zokambirana za kukambirana pakati pa magulu a asilikali a Ulf-Defenense, apolisi, ndi madipatimenti a moto. Gululi limagogomezeranso kuti nyengo ya nyengo ikhale nkhani yokhudza kuyendetsa mphepo ndi kutentha kwamphamvu kwa dziko lapansili kuti ikhale yofuna kuti ayambe kuthamanga kwa ndege.

Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha ku Japan (JCP)

JCP, ngakhale kuti ndi yaing'ono, ili ndi chisonkhezero chochepa pa mlingo wa kumaloko. Chipanichi chimayang'anira malo ambiri a meya ndi maboma a boma, makamaka m’matauni. Mkupiti wa JCP wa kusungitsa anthu kuchuluka m'nyumba za anthu zatsoka ndi kutsutsana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zipangizo zotetezera, kutsutsa kuti makampani opanga phindu la ndalama anganyalanyaze kukonzanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri. M’nthaŵi ya ngozi, akuluakulu a boma a m'madera a tauni a m'matauni amathandiza kaŵirikaŵiri kukonza nyumba za anthu osoŵa a chipambano, kupambana mzera wa zipani.

Mmene Mipambo Yandale Imasinthira Kachitidwe ka Tsoka

Malamulo ndi Kulinganiza Malamulo a Malamulo a Malamulo a Malamulo

Mapepala oyendera ngozi amaperekedwa ndi Kabinati, kutanthauza zipani zolamulira (LDP ndi Komeito) ali ndi mphamvu yowaumba. Komabe, magulu otsutsa angakonze ndalama pa nthawi ya kukambirana kwa Diet. Chitsanzo chodziwika ndicho kukonzanso kwa 2013 kwa Sicle Act on Disaster Control, kumene kunafuna kuti akuluakulu a boma apange mapu oopsa ndi mapu oletsa kusuta. CDP inathandiza dala kuphatikiza kuphatikiza mabaibulo a zinenero zachilendo ndi kuchirikiza zinenero za anthu osakhala a ku Japan, kusintha kumene kunatsimikizira kukhala kovuta mkati mwa 2020 Kumoto kusefukira kwa alendo ambiri pamene anafunikira kusamutsidwa.

Magulu otsutsa ndi magalimoto odzisankhira apeza ndalama zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa 2018 mvula yaikulu imene inagwetsa madzi ambiri ku Japan, CDP imachititsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri popanga masiteshoni, madamu, ndi mitsinje ya mtsinje. Magulu otsutsa ndi matanki odziimira akhala akukayikira mobwerezabwereza kukwera mtengo kwa maprojekiti ameneŵa. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa 2018, mvula yaikulu imene inagwetsa madzi ambiri kumadzulo kwa Japan, CDP inatsendereza ndalama zambiri ku [[FLT: 0] Mapeto ozikidwa pa ntchito ndi kutsimikizira kwake.

Kugwirizana pa Nthaŵi ya Mavuto

Pamene tsoka lichitika, yankho la Japan limatsatira dongosolo lotsatizana. Nduna yaikulu imasonkhezera [[FLT: 0] Cabinet Information Coodigation Center ndipo ingalengeze boma la ngozi. Atsogoleri a bungwe lolamulira amasankha nduna za kabati kuti ziyang'anire madera ena apadera [1] Mwachitsanzo, Nduna ya World, Infracture, Transport ndi Tourism ingayang'anire kuchotsako zinthu zowonongeka, pamene Nduna ya Zaumoyo, Labour ndi Welfare imayang'anira magulu a zamankhwala ndi osamalira malo osungirako.

Magulu otsutsa kaŵirikaŵiri amaloŵetsedwa m'chikho chapansipo kupyolera mu All-Party Group Working on Disourset , imene imakumana tsiku ndi tsiku pavuto. Gululi limaphatikizapo nthumwi zochokera ku mbali zazikulu ndi kulola malingaliro enieni. Pamene kuli kwakuti olamulirawo amasunga zosankha zomalizira, kufunika kwa kumanganso kumatanthauza kuti kutsutsa kungayambitse nthaŵi ya kusamuka kapena kuikidwa kwa zopereka. M'chivomezi cha Noto Peninsula, gulu logwira ntchitolo linka kutumiza mwamsanga zigawo zopinga za madzi zopitira ku midzi yakutali yosodza, likuchititsa kuti pyd PD ikhale yokanidwa ndi zotsutsa zopereka chithandizo.

Kulankhulana kwa Onse ndi Kudalirana

Atsogoleri andale amakhudzidwa ndi tsoka. Mamembala a chipani cha akulu, makamaka Nduna Yaikulu ya Japan, akupezeka pa misonkhano ya nyuzipepala kuti alengeze kuti athandize anthu ovutika ndi kuwathandiza. Kutumiza mauthenga a pakhungu kungafooketse chidaliro cha anthu, koma kukambirana kwamphamvu kungalimbikitse anthu. Mwachitsanzo, pa ngozi ya 2011 Tōhoku, Nduna yaikulu Kan Naoto (pamenepo pankapezeka kuti bungwe la Democratic Party of Japan) inatsutsidwa chifukwa cha mawu otsutsana onena za fakitale ya nyukliya ya Fukushima. Mosiyana ndi izi, Ndunala Wamkulu Abe Shinzō, BLDP, analandira chitamando chifukwa cha kuleza mtima kwake panthaŵi ya maguwa 2018, ngakhale kuti boma lake linalakwa chifukwa cha kupereka chithandizo kochedwa m'malo ena.

Zipani zotsutsa zimagwiritsiranso ntchito masoka kumanga mapangano awo andale. Pambuyo pa 2024 Typhoon Namadol, CDP inafalitsa lipoti lotsutsa LDP chifukwa cha kulephera kulamula anthu okalamba kuthaŵa mwamsanga. Lipotilo linapangitsa boma kufalitsa zitsogozo zatsopano za nyumba za okalamba. Zochita zoterozo zimakumbutsa nzika kuti kuyang’anira tsoka sikuli ntchito ya kampani yongolamulira, koma malo a ndale zadziko kumene kumafunikira kuŵerengera mlandu.

Mavuto ndi Mavuto a Zandale

Opereka ndi Otsenderezeka

Mabanja a dziko la Japan ali ndi ngongole zoposa 260% ya GDP, kukumakupangitsa kukhala kovuta kulungamitsa ndalama zambiri zopitira ku kuchinjiriza tsoka, ngakhale kuli kofunika motani. Zipani zandale zimasiyana pa kumene kuyenera kuwonongeka. LDP imatetezera kwambiri ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna maprogramu a zachikhalidwe. CDP imafuna kubwezera ndalama ku ntchito za anthu onse zapansi pa malo osungira ngozi. JCP imapempha nkhani ya mgwirizano wa dziko lopatulidwa ku ku kusoŵa kwa masukulu ndi zipatala. Nkhani zimenezi zimakula kwambiri pamene boma lamwaŵi lilengeza, chifukwa chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zamwaŵitsa ntchito ndalama zamwayi kukufufuza.

Kugwirizana Pakati pa Maboma a Mtundu ndi Maboma Awo

Japan iri ndi mabwana 47 ndi makampani oposa 1,700, limodzi ndi kakonzedwe kake ka tsoka. Pamene kuli kwakuti boma lapakati likhazikitsa miyezo yotakata, maboma a kumalo ali ndi thayo la kukhazikitsa malamulo oyamba ndi othaŵa. Izi zimayambitsa kusagwirizana pamene mameya a magulu otsutsa pamene boma ladzikolo lili LDP-lect. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa 2020 ya mvula yaikulu mu Kyushu, JeCP-aflic falsed faced ndi boma la dziko lonselo lotsutsana ndi nthaŵi ya malamulo a kuthaŵa, akumati akuluakulu a boma anali ochedwa kwambiri kugawana ndi chidziŵitso cha nthaŵi yeniyeni ya mvula. LDP adaimba mlandu wa mamejani a makampani a ndalensi panthaŵi ya tsoka, koma chochitikacho chinatsogolera ku kukwezedwa kwa bungwe la dziko lonse [FLD] PFFFFF]

Maseŵera Osankha ndi Oimba Mlandu

Masoka angasinthe zinthu. Ngozi ya Tōhoku ya 2011 imaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene DPJ inataya mphamvu mu 2012, kubwezera LDP ku boma. Mofananamo, ngozi yosefukira ya 2018 kumadzulo kwa Japan ingakhale inathandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu za LDP pa masankho a Nyumba Yosanja 2019 m'madera owonongeka, kumene anthu apeza malo okhala. Chifukwa chake, magulu ankhondo amaona kuti tsokalo ndilo likulu lotenga malo ochitirapo ngozi. Magulu ankhondo ayesa kulamulira nkhaniyo mwa kulengeza zikwama za ndalama zambiri ndi kukonzanso ndalama asanachite mapulogalamu. Magulu otsutsa, potsatira, akufuna kufufuza kwa nyumba za malamulo kuti apeze zigamulo, posunga chitsenderezo.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Maphunziro a Zandale ndi Masoka Aakulu

2011 Chivomezi cha Tōku ndi Tsunami

Pa March 11, 2011 tsoka linatha. DPJ inagwidwa tcheru ndi kuchuluka kwa tsunami ndi kusungunuka kwa nyukliya kwa Fukushima. Nduna yaikulu Kan anaimbidwa mlandu wa tizilombo toyambitsa ndi kusokoneza unyolo. Atsogoleri a LDP, kuphatikizapo pulezidenti wa gulu panthaŵiyo Tanigaki Sasakazu, adapereka chichirikizo komanso adaitanidwa kuti athandize boma la mgwirizano wa dziko lonse. Pambuyo pake anaona kudutsa kwa kwa Provention of the Great East Japan Resoation Revery [1] , zimene zinayambitsa bungwe lapadera loyang'anira mtanda. Pokumbukira, vutolo linavumbula ngozi za kuopsa kwa nyengo ya ngozi, komanso linasonyezanso kuti gulu lina liwongothandiza.

2018 Chigumula cha Kumadzulo kwa Japan

Mvula yamphamvu ya July 2018 inagwetsa magwedwe ndi magumula m'madera 14 a mabwana, kupha anthu oposa 200. Boma la LDP linalengeza kuti ndi tsoka lolinganizidwa, kutsegula ndalama zapadera, koma magulu otsutsa anatsutsa kusapereka ndalama kumbuyo kwa kusungidwa kwa mtsinje. CDP inagogomezera kuti 70% ya chigumulacho inachitika m’madera amene ntchito za anthu zinaletsedwa chifukwa cha kulinganiza kudula ndalama pansi pa ulamuliro wa PDP. Zimenezi zinatsogolera ku ku kuzungulira kwa makutu mu Diet, ndipo boma linapereka mayeni owonjezereka 300 biliyoni kaamba ka kusungidwa kwa mtsinje zaka zitatu zotsatira.

2024 Chivomezi cha Noto

Chivomezi cha January 2024 champhamvu 7.5 chinagwetsa Ishikawa Prefecture, kuchititsa kugwetsedwa kwa nyumba ndi kuchenjeza tsunami. Boma la LDP linalabadira mofulumira, kutumiza Magulu a Self-Defense ndi kutsegula malo ogona othandizira ngozi. Komabe, magulu otsutsa anatulukira kuti midzi yambiri yakutali inadulidwa kwa masiku chifukwa misewu inatsekedwa ndi malo oulutsira magetsi anali osakwanira. CDP inafuna kupanga nkhoma ya ziwiya zolankhulira ndi makompyuta pa tetratellite , mlingo umene unavomerezedwa ndi lamulo lachiyambire kumapeto kwa 2024. Chivomezi chinadzudzulo chinadzutsanso mkangano wokhudza kutetezeka kwa nyumba zokhalako m'mbiri yakale ya LDP .

Njira Zamtsogolo: Kusintha kwa Nyengo, Kukalamba, ndi Kusintha kwa Zaluso

Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Japan ikuwona mphepo zamkuntho zokulirapo ndi “mkuntho wa guerrilla [1] , malo olaŵira, mvula yowopsa imene imagonjetsa madongosolo otulutsa madzi. CDP ndi magulu ena otsutsa akutsutsa kuti kusumika maganizo pakonkire kuli kosakwanira kaamba ka kuwona kwa nyengo yatsopano. Iwo akufulumiza boma kuikiza ndalama m'madongosolo ochenjeza oyambirira ndi kukonzanso mapu owopsa a chigumula mobwerezabwereza. LDP imatsutsa kuti nyumba zazikulu zidakali zofunika, koma yayamba kulinganiza nyengo. Kulolera kwandale kuyenera kukhala msanganizo wa malo audzu ndi wobiriŵira, ndi mbali zonse ziŵirizo zikudzinenera kukhala ndi ngongole.

Anthu Okalamba Ndiponso Anthu Ovuta Kuwathetsa

Oposa 29% a anthu a ku Japan ali ndi zaka 65 kapena kuposapo, ambiri okhala m’madera akumidzi kapena m’madera a mizinda yochuluka. M’nthaŵi ya masoka, anthu okalamba amavulala kapena kuphedwa ndipo amafuna chithandizo chapadera. Komeito wapanga nkhani imeneyi kukhala yosainirana, kukakamiza kuti apereke ndalama ku nyumba za akulu oyenera ndi zopimira zopimira kuthaŵa kumadera akutali a nzika. LDP yatenganso chochititsa, koma bajeti imatanthauza kuti kukwaniritsa kwake n’kosiyana. Chochitika chachikulu cha chivomezi cha [1] [1]A chachikulu ku Tokyo kapena Osaka , pamene okalamba ambiri ali kunyumba kokha, pamene magulu ambiri andale akusunga kulira kwaupandu kwa ozembera kwa anthu onse omwe ali ofunikira kupeŵa.

Kusintha Kwaukatswiri

Japan imatsogolera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochenjezera anthu kuti ayendetsere foni poyang'anira ngozi. Magulu olamulira amaona luso la zopangapanga monga njira yopezera ndalama zochepa. Boma limathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi zinthu zobisika komanso kuti asamagawike pa wailesi. Iwo amakayikiranso ngati makampani a zaumisiri ayenera kupatsidwa njira zodziŵira malo. Nkhani zimenezi zidakali zokhudzana ndi anthu amene akumana ndi tsoka.

Kumaliza

Zipani zandale za Japan sizimayang'ana anthu ovutika, koma zimayang'ana masoka achilengedwe. Kuchokera ku kuchuluka kwa CDP kwa ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama za CDP kupempha kuti asinthe nyengo ndi Komeito asunge anthu ovutika, gulu lililonse limaika zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene zimapangitsa dziko la Japan kukhala lokonzekera, lovomereza, ndi lokonza mavuto ake. Pamene kusagwirizana kungachititse kuti dziko lipite patsogolo ndi kuyambitsa mikangano, kufunika kothandiza kuteteza moyo wa anthu kuti athe kupambana ndale za tsiku ndi tsiku. Monga momwe madera a ku Japan amachitira ndi anthu okalamba kwambiri, kupikisana pakati pa magulu andale kudzakhalabe chinthu chachikulu poona mmene dziko likuchitira.

[[FLT :0] Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka: [[FLT :1] [[FLT :2] Uyang'anira Walamulo wa ku Japan wa Chigamulo cha Tsoka [[FLT :3] chitachitando [[[FLT:]] [1] [1] Uyang'aniro wa Ofesi ya Ngozi ([FLT ) [1] [[FLT:] .[FLT] .[FLT] .]