Pangano Labwino Lachisanu ndi Ntchito Yosaletsedwa ya Mtendere

Chikalata cha Good Wear Advement, chomwe chinasainidwa pa April 10, 1998, chinasonyeza kusintha kwa mbiri ya dziko ku Northern Ireland. Pambuyo pa zaka makumi atatu za chiwawa cha magulu ampatuko . Nthaŵi ina imatchedwa "Mavuto" . pangano linakhazikitsa boma lolamulira, lokhazikitsa zida zankhondo, ndipo linasintha kwambiri zandale. Komabe, nyumba zandale zokha sizingachiritse mabala aakulu a maganizo ndi a anthu otsala ndi zaka za kulimbana. M'madera ogaŵanitsidwa ndi makoma a mtendere, m'zikole zachipembedzo, ndi m'mabanja amene anataya okondedwa, njira yochiritsa imakhala yosakwanira. Zili mkati mwa malo otchukawa kuti malusowo satha kudzikometsera, koma ofunika kwambiri.

Kuchokera ku mzinda wa Belfast wophulitsidwa ndi mabomba mpaka ku midzi ya Derry, oimba, oimba, olemba, ndi oimba ayamba ntchito yovuta ya kuyanjanitsa. Apanga malo kumene anthu angalimbane ndi zikumbukiro zopweteka, kuyerekezera mtsogolo mosiyana, ndi kuyamba kuona anthu amene anaphunzitsidwa mantha. Good Lachisanu Apligion inapereka maziko a ndale zadziko; maluso anaipatsa mtima, mawonekedwe, ndi tanthauzo.

Mavuto ndi Chikhalidwe

Kuti munthu amvetse ntchito ya maluso a pambuyo pa Agreement Northern Ireland, choyamba ayenera kuzindikira mmene chikhalidwe chinayalidwa mwamphamvu mkati mwa nkhondoyo. Unionism ndi chitaganya cha okhulupirika adagwirizana mwamphamvu ndi zizindikiro zachibadwidwe cha Britain .Ian Union Jack, Orange Orders , ndi Ulster-Scots . Nationalist ndi Republican chitaganya chinayang'ana ku tricolor , chilankhulo ndi nyimbo za kanema, ndi nyimbo za chipanduko. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, miyambo imeneyi sinali chabe zizindikiro za kuimira kulemberana kwa nkhondo yokhulupirika. Nyimbo zinayambitsa chipwirikiti. Musinja unalengeza kuti alamulire. Poetry adapanga nkhani yokopa.

Pamene moto unazima, ojambula zithunzi ambiri anayang’anizana ndi funso lopweteka lakuti: Kodi ndimotani mmene mumapangira chikhalidwe m’chitaganya chimene chagwiritsira ntchito mwambo monga chida?

Kusiya Kulira Motsutsana Kunakhala Luso Lokonzanso Zinthu

Kusintha kowoneka kwambiri ndiko mwinamwake mu ndandanda ya ndale zadziko yotchuka ya Northern Ireland. Mkati mwa Mavuto, asilikali a m'madera onse aŵiri a Hemukitsi ndi Republica adagwiritsira ntchito kuwopseza, kukumbukira omenya nkhondo, ndi malo odzinenera. Lerolino, pamene kuli kwakuti ambiri a masamuwo atsala, mpangidwe watsopano wa anthu wa anthu watulukira umene ukukamba za mtendere. Belf Moracter [FL:1], njira yofotokozera nkhondoyo, tsopano yotsogolera alendo kudutsa mzinda umene wasintha kumene zithunzi zatsopano zimasonyeza, kugaŵana ndi mbiri yakale, ndi maso a anthu wamba. Projekiti zonga [FLT:] programults , ndi Activeive , Noptics, Now Arvectives, adathandiza kuwonetsera malonda ndi kuwopseza kwa zigawero.

Nyimbo Monga Chinenero cha Mtendere

Nyimbo zili ndi mphamvu ku chitaganya cha Northern Ireland, kumene nyimbo zamwambo ndi nyimbo zimadziŵika kwambiri kwa anthu onse. Pambuyo pa pangano la Actine, oimba anayamba kuyesa kugwirizana kwa pakati pa mitundu imene ikanapanda kulingaliridwa mkati mwa nkhondoyo.

Kuchuluka kwa Madansi ndi Madyerero a Mtanda

Chimodzi cha zitsanzo zotchuka kwambiri ndicho Kuwonjezapo malire [[FLT :1] njira, zimene zinasonkhanitsa oimba kuchokera ku Chiprotesitanti ndi Chikatolika, Union ndi ku Republican kuti apange nyimbo zatsopano. Zitsanzo zonga [[[FLT:]] Madzoma? ndi [FLT:] [FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] ] anakana kudzigwirizanitsa ndi mfundo iliyonse yandale, kupanga chikhalidwe cha achinyamata amene anadutsa m'madera osiyanasiyana. [[FLT:] Madyererowo mu Chikondwerero ndi [FLT:] [FLT] [FLT] Proctive] [F] [FF] [9] m'maganiversssssssssssss, mwa productritialgation, chifupifupi chakuptional, chigagagagalamu cha , chifupifupi cha , chigani chaku

Gulu lozikidwa pa Belfast [[FLT: 0] Throyind Skin yakhala yosonkhezera kwambiri, kugwiritsira ntchito malo oimbira kuti agwirizanitse achichepere kuchokera ku zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Iwo agwira ntchito ndi aliyense kuyambira ana a sukulu ya pulaimale mpaka agulu la oimba nyimbo, kugwiritsira ntchito nyimbo monga njira yolankhulira popanda kukangana. Otengamo mbali akusimba kuti kuchititsa nyimbo kuswa zitseko mofulumira kuposa pafupifupi ntchito ina iliyonse .

Kulankhula Kochititsa Chidwi ndi Choonadi Kudzera m’Nyimbo

Ntchito ina yamphamvu kwambiri ya zoimba yakhala yonena za chikumbukiro ndi choonadi. Olemba nyimbo a nyimbo ngati Diuke Special ndi Brian Kennedy] [ alemba ma album amene amalimbana ndi mbiri yopweteka ya Northern Ireland, kukana kupereka mayankho osavuta. [[FLT:] Libegi ya Nsautso [[FLT:] ndi [FLT:] nyimbo, yotumidwa ndi Ulster Orches, inapereka olemba mabuku kuchokera ku miyambo yonse iŵiri kuti akonzere zotayitsa ndi kuimbira nyimbo. Zimenezi sizimachitira ntchito pa kutsutsana kwake; iwo amangokhala ndi mavuto ake ndi kuimbidwa ndi kuiwala kwake.

Nyumba ya Masewero ndi Kugaŵana M’tsogolo

Ku Northern Ireland kwatulutsa akatswiri a maseŵero a m’maseŵero a dziko lonse ndi akatswiri a zamaseŵera amene anagwiritsira ntchito kalabu ya masewero oyanjanitsa. Mphamvu ya mabwalo a maseŵero a moyo ili m’mabwalo ake a nyimbo: anthu osiyanasiyana amaonerera oseŵerawo akumvadi kupweteka, nthabwala, ndi kucholoŵana kwa anthu amene mwina angaone ngati ongopeka.

Charabanc Theatre Company ndi Akazi a Mavuto

Mkati mwa masiku owopsa a nkhondo, [[FLT: 0] Kharabanc Theatre Company inatulukira kumayambiriro a 1980, yokhazikitsidwa ndi gulu la akazi omwe anakana kuyembekezera mtendere. Maseŵera awo, monga ngati [[FLT:]] Kulunjika Madeko Anu [[FLT] [[FLT]] ndi [FLT:] kwina kumene kumakhala [mbadwo wouziridwa wa Bliny [[FFLT:], anasumika pa zokumana nazo zogwira ntchito za akazi, zomwe zinanyalanyazidwa kwambiri ndi amuna olankhula za zida za Zambia ndi andale. Pambuyo pake, gulu logwirizana ndi kukambirana lachitukulidwa ndi kukambirana. [Madyerero:] [Fetetne] [5] Madyero: [M]

Ntchito Yotayidwa ndi Nkhani ya Derry Yofotokozanso

Mu Derry / Londonderry, Chiphunzitso cha Mboni chinapeza chitsanzo cha Mboni pambuyo pa pangano. Njira imeneyi yozikidwa pa chitaganya, yochitidwa ndi mkulu wa America Teya Sepinck, inasonkhanitsa anthu omwe anali kumbali zosiyana za nkhondo, asilikali a Britain, mikhole ya chiwawa, kuuzana nkhani zawo kwa wina ndi mnzake ndi kukhala ndi moyo. Zotulukapo zake zinali zowononga ndi kutembenuza. Ogaŵa analongosola njirayo kukhala "kuponya mfuti zawo" mwamaganizo. [FLT:] Otchuka m'mayanjano a Wall Gang [FLD] [FLT]] , kampani yozikidwa pa madera omwe anakula kwambiri achiwawa, ndi kuwonana kwa anthu ena.

Mabuku ndi Luso la Kucholowana

Chiphunzitso cha ku Northern Ireland chakhala chimodzi cha zinthu zake zazikulu zochokera kunja, kuyambira ku Seamus Heaney mpaka Paul Muldon mpaka Ciaran Carson . Pambuyo pa pangano, olemba anayamba ntchito yopanga mabuku amene angachirikize kutsutsana kwa chitaganya.

Kugonana Monga Mlatho Pakati pa Traumas

Heaney wa mzera wotchuka kuchokera ku Chiwerengero cha Troy [1] Kalelo pa moyo / Za funde la mchenga wa madzi / Zachilungamo chingabuke, / ndipo chiyembekezo ndi mbiri yakale zinatchulidwa ndi andale zadziko mkati mwa kukambitsirana kwa Mapangano kwabwino pa Lachisanu. Koma akatswiri a ndakatulo pambuyo pa Chipanganocho anasintha kupyola mawu otsimikiza otero kuti afufuze choonadi cha mtendere. [[FLT:] Mikayeli Longley , [[FLT:], [FLT] [FL:] adalemba mawu ofotokoza za kukhululukidwa kwa ntchito, ndi kuŵerengedwa kwa kubwerera m’mbuyo kwa kutsogolo kwa anthu. Kuŵerenganso kwa anthu kwa ku Ireland kunali kovutana kwa anthu ambiri.

Nsomba ya Novel Imathandiza Anthu Omvera Ena Chisoni

Mabuku onga Patterson, [[FLT:] , Lucy Calwell , ndi [[FLT]] Brinard MacLavery [[[FLT:]] [ya] kulembera zopeka zimene zimaletsa kuchepetsa mavuto kukhala abwino ndi mbiri zopotoka. Zilembo zawo nzovuta, zina ziri mikhole, zambiri ziri mikhole, mwa oŵerenga aŵiriŵa m'dziko lakumidzi, zopeka zimakulitsa chifundo chimene chiri chofunika kaamba ka kuyanjana. Kuŵerenga magulu ogwirizana kuchokera ku zigawo zosiyanasiyana zokambitsirana pamodzi, kugwiritsira ntchito kutetezera kwa mankhani otchuka. [HFF:]

Zojambulajambula za Anthu ndi Mizu ya Maluŵa

Ngakhale kuti akatswiri a mapulojekiti apamwamba amakopa anthu, ntchito yaikulu kwambiri imachitika m’deralo. M'malo amene mulibe mpanda wa mtendere wolekanitsa Apulotesitanti ndi Akatolika, ntchito zaluso za m'deralo zachititsa kuti anthu apeze mpata wolankhulana ndi kugwirizana.

Mathithi ndi Anthu Aluso Akulengedwa Pamodzi

Falls-Shankill system . [FLT :1] ku West Belfast ndi imodzi ya madera ogaŵanika kwambiri ku Ulaya, ndipo pali zipupa zokhala pakati pa anthu. Komabe ntchito za udzu zachititsa akazi kuchokera kumbali zonse ziŵiri ku quilt, kujambula, ndi kusimba makampani. [FLT:] Belfish Secondation Project [ [[FLT]] ndi [FLT] EP] EPIC (kuchokera ku madera a Prisolitiventive Centreave Cent Centrea) [FLD:5] yagwiritsira ntchito njira zoyambira zamakono kumanga mtendere. Ochokera ku zigawo zonse ziŵiri ndi ku Republican Republic yagawana zikalata zawo zachiwawa. Kusintha kwa zinenero ziŵirizo kujambula.

Ntchito ya Achinyamata ndi Mbadwo Wotsatira

Ana obadwa pambuyo pa 1998 anakulira m'chitaganya chimene chili pamtendere koma chikugawanikabe kwambiri. Ulster Youth Theatre inali imodzi ya mabungwe oyamba ku Northern Ireland kusonkhanitsa dala masuntwo ndi magulu. Zopanga zawo zofufuza za chizindikiritso, tsankhu, ndi kukhala m’njira zimene zimalankhulira mwachindunji kwa achichepere. Chombo cha achichepere cha agulu la achichepere [ka] Clantinil [1] ndi ziyambukiro zina za kutsogolo kwa [FLT:] ndi [FLT] Com Commoclet School [1] Sukulu yosanjakuti anthu onse aphunzire za kudalirana. Zimenezi zimasinthana ndi zochitika zina zapangika.

Mavuto ndi Zopangapanga za Kumanga Mtendere

Kungakhale konyenga kuyerekeza kuti malusowo akhala chipambano chopepuka pa pambuyo pa Northern Ireland. Mawu otsutsa amadzutsa mafunso ofunika. Ena amatsutsa kuti ndalama zaluso zagwiritsiridwa ntchito "njali" mmalo mosinthadi, kupangitsa anthu kukhala omasuka mmalo mwa kutsutsa zinthu zozama za kusalingana. Ena amanena kuti maluso ambiri amagwirizanitsa anthu kugaŵana koma sakambirana ndi zidandaulo zandale ndi zachuma zimene zimalimbikitsa timagulu tachipembedzo. Palinso ngozi ya "kukopana," kumene madera amachitira mayanjano alendo pamene magaŵano enieni akukhalabe pansi pa nthaka.

Kuwonjezerapo, ndalama zothandizira maluso ku Northern Ireland zakhala zachilendo. Arts Council ya Northern Ireland , bungwe lalikulu la anthu ochirikiza maluso, lalimbana ndi kudula bajeti zimene zimawononga maprogramu omwe apanga kwambiri kuti alimbitse mtendere. Kusungitsa ndalama kumafunika kuti musunge maziko a kukhulupirika amene amangidwa pang’onopang’ono kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Komabe, umboni umasonyeza kuti popanda maluso, mtendere wa pambuyo pa kukonza ungakhale wochepa kwambiri. Mabungwe andale angasinthidwe mofulumira; mitima ndi maganizo atenga mibadwo. Maluso apatsa wodwala ntchito yopitirizabe ya kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumene ndale pazokha sizingakwaniritsidwe.

Kumaliza: Luso Limene Lilipo Pokhazikitsa Mtendere

Patatha zaka zoposa makumi aŵiri kuchokera pa Good Lachisanu Agreement , Northern Ireland idakali chitaganya chosintha. Maphunziro opatula malamulo akulekanitsa ana. Chiwawa chikupitirizabe kuyambukira thanzi la maganizo, moyo wabanja, ndi maunansi a anthu. Komabe, pamodzi ndi mavuto osathawa, maluso asema malo a chiyembekezo. M'zaluso ku East Belfast amene amakumbukira Titanic ndi wolemba ndakatulo wa kumaloko. Masewera a ku Derry kumene kale asilikali ali ndi mbali ya chigawo. Madzoma a nyimbo m’ndende ya Maze ndi m’ndendemovinamo Achikatolika.

Chikalata cha Good Lachisanu Agreement chinali chiyambi cha ndale zadziko, osati malo omalizira. Maluso ayamba ntchito yosatha ya chiyambicho . "ntchito ya kumvetsera, kuyerekezera, kuvomereza anthu onse. M'dziko limene kugaŵanika kaŵirikaŵiri kumawoneka kukhala kosapeŵeka, akatswiri a ku Northern Ireland asonyeza kuti chikhalidwe chingakhale chida chomangira anthu ambiri. Ntchito yawo imapereka maphunziro osati kwa chitaganya chawo chokha komanso kumalo alionse kumene nkhondo yasiya zipsezo.