Maziko a Kubwezera kwa Mfumu: Mphamvu ndi Malo Oyambirira m’Mwala

Nyumba zachifumu zakhala zocholoŵana kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuposa nyumba wamba. Zifaniziro zimenezi nzocholoŵana, za mphamvu, chuma, chikhalidwe, ndi kugwirizana pakati pa wolamulira ndi ufumu wake. Kuyambira nyumba za matope ndi zidutswa za Mesopotamiya wakale mpaka ku kusanguluka, nyumba za mafumu amakono, nyumba zimenezi zimapanga mathebulo otchuka kwambiri ofotokoza mbiri ya anthu. Kuphunzira mbiri ya nyumba zachifumu zachifumu kumakedwe kumapereka windo losayerekezereka m'zomanga, zolinga zandale, ndi luso la zopanga zinthu zamakono. Izo sizinali nyumba za mafumu ndi mafumu ndi mafumu a mfumu komanso zinyama zokhazo zolamulira maufumu, malo aakulu a mapwando, ndi mawu omalizira a ufumu wachifumu. Zimenezi zidzatenga malo apamwamba m'maluso a kumanga nyumba zawo, zilembo zapamwamba za kuchirikiza mphamvu zawo za kutchuka kwa dziko lonse, ndipo zinyamu zamphamvu za dziko lonse, pomalizira pake, kuti zipitirize kutchuka kwa anthu.

Chiyambi cha Kubwereranso kwa Ufumu: Nyumba Yachifumu Yoyamba

Lingaliro la malo okhala achifumu linatulukira pambali pa kutukuka kwa anthu. Pamene magulu a anthu anasintha kuchokera ku mafuko oyendayenda ndi kukhala ndi midzi ya alimi, mabungwe achifumu anakhazikitsa mphamvu. Nyumba zachifumu zoyambirira sizinali nyumba zazikulu chabe; zinagwirizana zopangidwa ndi maluso, kuyang'anira chuma, ndi kuyanjana ndi ulamuliro waumulungu. Ku Igupto wakale, nyumba ya Farao inalingaliridwa kukhala mipata yaing'ono ya chilengedwe, malo opatulika kumene mulungu wachifumuyo anali kukhala. Nyumba zimenezi, kaŵirikaŵiri zimamangidwa ndi miyala yolimba yokha yotsala, inali mbali yaikulu ya nyumba za thambo ndi kachisi wa anthu ndi kachisi wa anthu, monga momwe ziwonjezekedwe za anthu a ku Mem ndi Teen. Zigawo za ku Minoskoss ku Krete, zinapanga maboti apamwamba, ndi zigawo zapamwamba za dziko la Mesopotamiya, ndi zigawo zamphamvu za dziko la dziko lonse la Mesopotamiya, mofanana ndi kuzungulira kwa zigawo la dziko lakunja la anthu a ku mizinda ya madera a ku madera a ku Mesopotamiya.

Chiyambi cha Chiyambi cha Chifaniziro

M’zaka zoposa 1,000, anthu a m’mizinda yachifumu anayamba kusintha kuchokera ku zinthu zina ndipo zinthu monga nkhondo, luso la zopangapanga, nzeru, ndi zokongola kwambiri.

Nyumba Yolimba ya Malo Osungiramo Achilengedwe: Kuteteza ndi Kuwononga (Nthaŵi ya M’zaka za M’ma 500 C.E.)

Kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Roma kunayambitsa nyengo ya kugawanikana kwa ndale zadziko ndi kusatetezereka mu Ulaya, kutsogolera ku kupangidwa kwa nyumba yachifumu ya m'zaka zapakati inali malo oyamba ndi aakulu koposa. Nyumba zachifumu zinaperekedwa ndi kufunika kwa chitetezo: zipupa zazikulu za miyala, mawindo opapatiza, zipilala za oponya mivi, zipilala zotsekereza magalimoto, ndipo malo oyenerera otsekereza opinga malo otetezera. Ngakhale kuti cholinga chawo chankhondo chinali choyambirira, nyumba zachifumu zimenezi zinalinso nyumba ndi nyumba za a aulamuliro. Nsanja ya London, inayamba ndi William Wogonjetsa, ndi chitsanzo chachikulu, ndi Nyumba yake yachiyera yotumikira monga chizindikiro cha Norman kulamulira anthu a Saxon. Komabe, pamene ulamuliro wapakati ndi nkhondo inasintha, inayamba kutetezera nyumba zankhondo, inayamba kumanga nyumba zachifumu zachikuluikulu.

Nyumba yachifumu ya Renaissance: Kugwirizana, Kugwirizana kwa Anthu, ndi Kudziimira Pansi

Renaissance inasintha kwambiri nzeru za anthu omanga. Kupezedwanso kwa malamulo a Chiroma ndi Chigiriki kunagogomezera kuchuluka, kulingana, geometry, ndi kugwirizana pakati pa nyumba ndi malo ake. Nyumba yachifumu inasintha kuchoka pa chizindikiro cha asilikali kukhala chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe, kuphunzira, ndi mphamvu. Malo a Verzow [Manda] [Manda a] Verzone ndi chitsanzo chodziŵika cha malo a nthaŵi ino. Ilo linamangidwa ndi Louis XIV, si nyumba yokha koma makina andale olinganizidwa ndi boma la France. Chiyeso chachikulu, Nyumba yake ya Zipili, maluŵa okongola kwambiri, ndi kuchotsa mbali zonse za mpangidwe (zithunzi za m’mabwinja).

Kuwonjezereka kwa Malo ndi Roco

Kumanga pa Renaissance, nyengo ya Baroque inakhala yapamwamba kwambiri, ikumakhala ndi cholinga cha ukulu wodabwitsa ndi chisonkhezero cha maganizo ku magoidi owopsa, kukongoletsa kokongola, ndi ma freescos yaikulu . Royal Palace of Madrid ndi Zwinger ku Dresden ndi zitsanzo zodabwitsa za mphamvu imeneyi, masitediyasi. Kutsatira Barcoque, chida cha Rococho chinaoneka ngati chofewa, chofeŵa, chokongola, ndi chosiyana kwambiri, makamaka ku France ndi Germany. Nyumba zonga Sanssouci Palace mu Potsdam (Fredededed of the Great’s) ndi Ammarkerburg osaka nyama ku Munich, maonekedwe ocholoŵana, ndi zidutswa za , ndi zisungwe zokongola zokongola kwambiri. Zimenezi zinali zotchuka kwambiri ponena za ntchito za kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira kwa mfumu ya m'midzi.

Kuyambiranso kwa Chiphunzitso Chatsopano ndi Kugwirizana kwa Chikomyunizimu

Kuunikiridwa ndi kusintha kotsatirapo kunachotsa chuma chosatsutsika cha mafumu. Chiphunzitso chachiŵiri cha chigawo cha mfumu, ndi mizera yake yoyera, geomet , ndi kuuziridwa kuchokera ku mariphabliki a Greece ndi Roma, chinakhala chimake cha nyengo yachikhalidwe ndi yachikhalidwe. Brickham Palace [Malone] Bhackham , monga momwe anapangidwira ndi John Nash, ndi kufewa kwapamwamba kwa Peti Trianton pa Verlesbource kumasonyeza zimenezi. Nthaŵi ya Roma inayambitsanso kukonzanso maluso a mbiri yakale, makamaka Revival Revival. Maufumu a Britain, pofuna kugwirizana ndi mitundu yakale ndi zipata zamakono za Britain, Windsworst ndi Nyumba ya Chigonst Chigome ndi kumangidwanso. Zikumbukiro zamakono za Chikhalidwe cha Chipuluputo chachi, zinawonjezera nzeru cha dziko lamakono, kuti chikhalenso, chikhomeremerere, chiku

Tanthauzo la Kumanga: Si Nyumba Yokha

Nyumba zachifumu zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zapamwamba zimene zili ndi magalimoto opanga zinthu zatsopano monga luso la zomangamanga, mapulani a nyumba, nyumba ndiponso zinthu zina.

Kuyenda Patsogolo

Mabwalo achifumu ndiwo anali ochirikiza kwambiri ntchito zaluso ndi zomangamanga. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito akatswiri omanga, mainjiniya, ndi akatswiri a nthaŵi zawo. Ntchito yomanga nyumba zazikulu ndi zocholoŵana inagwedeza malire a uinjiniya. Kupangidwa kwa madenga aakulu, oyera, madenga a maholo onga Palais Garnier (ngakhale kuti si nyumba yogonamo, imafunika kukonzanso nyimbo zatsopano. Kumanga madzi ambiri ndi zitsime ku Stralesting kunachititsa kupititsa patsogolo kwapadera mu uinjiniya wambiri. Kumanga mafakitale apakati, zotenthetsa, ndi kuwala kwamagetsi koyambirira m'nyumba zapatsogolo monga [FLT:] Nyumba za pa Nyumba za anthu zapamwamba [FLT:]]

Kukhazikitsa Ziyeso za Chikhalidwe ndi Zopanga

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kalembedwe ka bwalo lachifumu kanakhazikitsa muyezo wa maluwa apamwamba ndipo, potsirizira pake, mafashoni atsopano okongoletsa nyumba yachifumu ku Paris anakopedwa mwamsanga ku London, Vienna, ndi St Petersburg. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zenizeni, monga Sèvres porcelain kapena Gobels metriptics zochirikizidwa ndi korona ya Chifalansa, anakhala zizindikiro. Masitayelo a maluŵa a Bristonia, ndi mawonekedwe awo ozoloŵereka ndi kulinganiza (´toile), anakhala kenso kagwiritsidwe ka mapangidwe a malo kudutsa Ulaya. Mofananamo, [FLT: 0] chikoso ku Ulaya, chotchuka m'makedzana 17 ndi zaka 18 zotchuka ndi ku Royalnflussssss.

Kusonyeza Zochita za Ndale ndi Zamakhalidwe

Malo alionse osankhidwa m'nyumba yachifumu anali mawu andale. Makonzedwe otseguka, ofikirika a nyumba yachifumu ya Renaissance anasonyeza chifuno cha kalonga wozungulira ndi kupezeka kwa kalonga waumunthu. Malo osatha a zipinda ku Versailles anakakamiza alendo kupitiriza mwadongosolo, kusonyeza ulamuliro wa mfumu pa kulowa ndi ntchito za nyumba yake. Mosiyana ndi, kuphunzira kwachinsinsi, kapena kuphunzira kwaumwini [[FLT:] mu nyumba yachifumu ya Rocococobinet , [[FM] imasonyeza chikondwerero cha 18 cha kupendeka ndi nzeru. Kutembenuza nyumba zachifumu ku mabwinja, monga Louvre, kunali mchitidwe wamphamvu kwambiri wa kusintha, chizindikiro cha [''''''kusintha kwa kukhalapo kwake: [[FTCTCT] . "[FM'1] m'chiyemba wa anthu ambiri amakono, monga Mfumukazi ya anthu yachipulupumi, kuthandizira kutsimikizira kwa anthu onse.

Kubwereza Kwachifumu Kodziŵika: Case studies in Power and Century

Pamene kuli kwakuti nyumba zambiri zachifumu nzotchuka, zingapo zimawonekera kukhala kufufuza kwapadera kwa mapangidwe, iliyonse ikumasonyeza malingaliro a nthaŵi yake ndi malo ake.

Mzinda Woletsedwa wa Beijing, ku China

Chikalata chaluso cha mapulani a boma la China, Forbit City inatumikira monga mudzi wa mafumu 24 kwa zaka pafupifupi 500. Ndi nyumba zambiri zomangidwa mozungulira pafupifupi 1,000, zolamulidwa ndi mfundo za Confucian za maprician za maprician, symtry, ndi geometancy ([FL:0]]feng shui ). Makonzedwe ake, ndi Nyumba ya Supreme Convence pakati pake, ndi chisonyezero cha Mwana wa Kumwamba monga mbali ya chilengedwe chonse. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa cheza chachikasupezi (kuimira mfumu), matanthwe aakulu a matanthwe, ndi mabwalo onse a mabwalo ndi mabwalo omwe anakonzedwa kuti agonjetse ndi kuchezetsa anthu, kuyang'anira ulamuliro wapamwamba. Mzinda wa ufumu wa dziko lonse, kunali kuonekera kwa ulamuliro wodzilamulira wodzilamulira, ndi kulongosola bwino kwambiri.

Nyumba yachifumu ya ku Tokyo, Istanbul, ku Turkey

Topkapi Palace ndi chifaniziro cha mphamvu ya Ufumu wa Ottoman ndi chikhalidwe chake chosiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi kumangidwa kwa mwambo, kupatulika kwa nyumba yachifumu ya ku Ulaya, Topkapi ndi malo opangidwa ndi zinthu zamoyo, omangidwa mozungulira mozungulira Bosphorus. Maluso ake ndi opangidwa kuchokera ku chipale chofera, kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri, mabwalo akunja apadera opezeka kwa akuluakulu a boma, obisika a m’kati mwa nyumba za mfumu, zopatulika za m’kati, za m'kati mwa nyumba za mfumu yachifumu, zokongola ndi zachinsinsi. Nyumbayi ndi yokongola ya dziko lapansi, yomwe ikusonyeza mthunzi wa nyumba yachifumu, ndi mthunzi wa dziko lonse la Byzantine, matailme, ndi mipe yokongola. Mabwalo otchuka a Bankeosk, nyale, okongola kwambiri ndi matepikitala, ndi mawilo, amasonyeza kugonjetsa ndi kugonjetsa kwa chuma. Malo amene anasonyezedwa ndi mthunzi wa dziko lonse la Mulungu ndi dziko lonse lamitundu yambiri.

Hampton Court Palace, England

Hampton Court Palace ndi chikalata chapadera cha mbiri ya kumanga ya ku England, chikusimba za Tudor ndi Stuart . Poyamba anamanga Kadinala Wolsey , adaipeza ndi Henry VIII, amene anaisintha kukhala nyumba yachifumu yokongola ya Tudor. Nyumba yachifumu yofiira, zigawo zazikulu, ndi makhitchini awo aakulu, Nyumba Yaikulu ndi denga lake la denga la denga la Beam, ndi chigawo cha Bay Bay, ndi chipinda chachinsinsi, chimasonyeza ulamuliro waumwini ndi bwalo lamilandu la Tudor. Nyumba yachifumu idzala ndi malo ogwirira ntchito olinganizidwa kaamba ka nyumba yaikulu, yoyendayenda. Pambuyo pake, Sir Christopher Wren adawonjezera chipserale cha William ndi Mariya III. Mapiko atsopanowa, ndi bwalo lake lokongola ndi Chigawo la Chigawo ndi chitukuko, china cha nyengo yapakati cha nyengo yapakati pa chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha Yuropu cha ku Ulaya, Chiyambikambira cha Chiyambi cha Chiyambi cha chiyambi cha chiyambi cha chija. Chiyambi cha chiyambi cha

Nyumba yachifumu ya ku Tokyo, Istanbul, ku Turkey

Topkapi Palace ndi chifaniziro cha mphamvu ya Ufumu wa Ottoman ndi chikhalidwe chake chosiyanasiyana. Mosiyana ndi kumangidwa kwa mwambo, kupatulika kwa nyumba yachifumu ya ku Ulaya, Topkapi ndi malo opangidwa ndi zinthu zamoyo, omangidwa mozungulira mozungulira Bosphorus. Maluso ake ndi opangidwa kuchokera ku chipale chofera, kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri, mabwalo akunja apadera opezeka kwa akuluakulu a boma, obisika a m’kati mwa nyumba za mfumu, zopatulika za m’kati, za m'kati mwa nyumba za mfumu yachifumu, zokongola ndi zachinsinsi. Nyumbayi ndi yokongola ya dziko lapansi, yomwe ikusonyeza mthunzi wa nyumba yachifumu, ndi mthunzi wa dziko lonse la Byzantine, matailme, ndi mipe yokongola. Mabwalo otchuka a Bankeosk, nyale, okongola kwambiri ndi matepikitala, ndi mawilo, amasonyeza kugonjetsa ndi kugonjetsa kwa chuma. Malo amene anasonyezedwa ndi mthunzi wa dziko lonse la Mulungu ndi dziko lonse lamitundu yambiri.

Kusungidwa ndi Kupeputsidwa Kwamakono: Kuchoka Kunyumba Yaumwini Kunka ku Choloŵa Chapoyera

Zaka za zana la 20 ndi 21 zawona kusintha kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya nyumba zachifumu. Ambiri, mofanana ndi Nyumba yachifumu ku Tokyo kapena Buckingham Palace, akukhalabe okangalika kugwiritsira ntchito monga nyumba zalamulo za mafumu olamulira. Komabe, iwo agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zandale kwambiri ku maboma osankhidwa ndi boma, kukhala amwambo, ndi malo osungirako chuma. Nyumba zambiri zachifumu za UK zikutsegulidwa tsopano monga nyumba za anthu monga ma ma ma manyuziyamu, kupanga ndalama zokopa alendo ndi kutumikira monga maziko apadera a dzina la dziko. Magulu onga [FLT: 0] Aschibricrics [as , [ang'onong'ono] [[FLC] ndi a zinsipa, zikhoza kuwonjezera ntchito zamphamvu, mu UK imayang'anira malo a London ndi Hamplicards, posamalira maphunziro, ndi kutsendereza kwa onse. Mabungwe ameneŵa amayesa ntchito awo a ntchito monga kugwirira ntchito kwa mbiri yakale, monga kuyesayesa kwa anthu, kuyesayesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuwonjezera kwa magulu a magwero a magwero

Kumaliza

Nyumba zachifumu ndi nyumba zazikulu za mafumu ndi ambuye. Izo ndi zolembedwa za mbiri yakale zamphamvu, zomangidwa mosamalitsa kusonyeza zikhumbo za ndale zadziko, makhalidwe a chikhalidwe, ndi luso la zopangapanga za nthaŵi yawo. Kuyambira pa nsanja zotetezera za m'Nyengo zapakati kufikira ku nyumba zachifumu zapamwamba ndi nyumba zosungiramo za anthu amakono, nyumba zimenezi zakhala zosinthasinthasintha, kusiya chizindikiro chosaiŵalika pa mbiri ya zomangamanga. Malo awo aakulu ndi midzi yawo yocholoŵana ali makambitsirano achindunji ndi mbiri yakale, kuvumbula unansi wocholoŵana pakati pa wolamulira ndi anthu ake. Kupenda maluso awo a kumanga nyumbazo kumapereka magalasi odabwitsa ndi osonkhezera zinthu zokhalamo mbiri yakale. Nyumba zimenezi sizimazindikira mbiri yonse ya mbiri; zimaima, zimaima mogwira mtima, monga mboni zamphamvu, zikuwombana, ndi kubuka kwa ufumu, kukongola kwa anthu, ndi kukongola kwa kuchuluka kwa maluso, ndi kulinganiza kwa mibadwo ya mbiri.