Mbiri Yakale ndi Kusungidwa Kwake

Bill of Rights sanali mbali ya Malamulo oyambirira olembedwa mu 1787. Ochuluka a Anti-Federalist ananena kuti boma latsopanolo likakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri popanda chitetezo chotsimikizirika cha ufulu wa munthu. Kutetezera, James Madison analinganiza mpambo wa zobweza m'Congress yoyamba. Izi zinavomerezedwa mu 1791 ndipo zinakhala zobwezeretsera malamulo khumi zoyambirira ku Malamulo. Bill of Rights ikakhala ndi mphamvu ya boma la boma lokha, koma kupyolera mwa Geneth Amendment’s Claus, zambiri za zitetezero zake zaikidwa kukhala zogwirizana ndi boma ndi maboma a kumaloko.

Mpumulo Woyamba: Chitsulo cha Ufulu Wademokrase

First Amendment imatetezera ufulu waukulu wa kulankhula, wa chipembedzo, wa kusindikiza, wa kusonkhana, ndi kuyenera kwa kupempha boma.

Ufulu wa Kulankhula

Ufulu wa kulankhula suli wotheratu. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti magulu ena a kulankhula . monga ngati kusonkhezera kachitidwe ka kusayeruzika koyandikira, kunyozedwa, kunyozedwa, ndi ziwopsezo zowona . Muyezo wa kusonkhezera unakhazikitsidwa mu Brandenburg v. Ohio [699], kumene kumafuna kuti mawu “afulumizidwe kapena kupanga kachitidwe kowopsa ka kusayeruzika" ndipo “mothekera kusonkhezera kapena kutulutsa kachitidwe koteroko. Khoti limatetezeranso kulankhula kophiphiritsira, monga kutentha mbendera ([FLT:]] [v. Johnson v[FLD:3], 1989], ndi kuyang'anira zinthu zoikidwa zoikidwazotsatira. M'nyengo zachikhalidwe, mafunso onena za chidani, ndi kulinganiza za pulogalamu, kutsutsana ndi kulinganiza kwa pulogalamu ya protestting.

Ufulu wa Chipembedzo

First Amendment ili ndi mfundo ziŵiri zachipembedzo: Chigamulo cha Kukhazikitsa Claus ndi Free Execle Claus . Chiungwe cha Claus chimaletsa boma kukhazikitsa chipembedzo chovomerezeka kapena kukondera chipembedzo chimodzi kuposa china. Free Execle Courages Claus imateteza ufulu wa anthu ku chipembedzo chawo. Khoti Lapamwamba linachita chigamulo cha Claus mu [FLD:0] Employment v. Smith [FL:1] (1990) adakhulupirira kuti kusaloŵerera m’malamulo a chipembedzo, kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo amene mwachisawawa, samaswa ufulu wa Free Expressice, koma Congresstion Religiod Reformation Act (RRA) kubwezeretsa chitetezo chachikulu. Nkhani zamakono zimaphatikizapo mapemphero m'masukulu zachipembedzo, zosonyezera za boma, ndi kutsutsa malamulo otsutsa boma.

Ufulu wa Manyuzipepala

Chikalata cha nyuzipepala chimateteza nyuzi kumbuyoku . Chotchuka kwambiri mu Nearbbb [[FLT ] (1931]) ndi New York Times Co. v. United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peko a Pentaneti . Pentaneti . . . Penigersssssss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pell al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kuyenera kwa Kugwirizana ndi Kupempha Mwamtendere

Zikalata za ufulu zotchedwa Assembly zimaperekanso mfundo zogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma.

Mpumulo Wachiŵiri: Ufulu wa Munthu Aliyense Wake Wosunga ndi Kunyamula Zida

Second Amendment imati: “Kulamulira kolinganizidwa bwino Militia, kukhala kofunika ku chisungiko cha Boma laufulu, kuyenera kwa anthu kusunga ndi kunyamula Zida, sikudzaswedwa. Kwa mbiri yambiri ya Amereka, tanthauzo la kukonza kumeneku linakanganitsidwa kwambiri. Zigamulo zapadera za Supreme Court mu [Ifer]] ya Columbia v. Heller [2008] [200] ndi [[FLT] [McD] v. Mcrald. City of Chigroust [[FL:] (20]) (20)) (20)) imatsimikizira kuti kuyenera kwa munthu kukhala ndi mfuti zake zaumwini, zonse ziŵirizonse. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa Khotilo, sizikuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo ena ake, monga lamulo lowopsa, monga momwe zimaloletsera malamulo a m'chivomezi, ndi zigamu zachilendo. [Chipangano chakusintha chachiwnchomwe chakuphatikizapo, Ching'ono chachiyambi chachikuphatikizapo, chimasintha ndi malamulo chakuphatikiza

Lamulo Lachinayi Lowonjezera: Kutetezera Kukufufuza ndi Kubisa Kopanda Nzeru

Chikalata cha Opaleshoni chachinayi chikufuna kuti kufunafuna ndi kugwidwa ndi njirinjiri zikhale zomveka ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zozikidwa pa chifukwa chothekera, zotsogolera ku chiyeneretso cha chiweruzo. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, Khoti Lapamwamba lapanga kusiyana kochuluka kwa chiyeneretso: chivomerezo, kuona zinthu, kuletsa, kuletsa ndi , kufufuza zochitika kuti muikidwe, ndi kusoŵa kwa galimoto. Lamulo lapamsewere, lokhazikitsidwa mu . [[FLT:] [1961], zipile zopezedwa m'malamulo a Zachinayi kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'khoti. Tele yawonjezera kwambiri nkhaŵa za Zachisanu. CPreeterne. v [FFT] [208], khotilo loyang'analo la mbiri yakale likhale ndi kuyang'enga la anthu ozindikira kuti afunikira kuyang'ezera, kuti adziŵe kwa anthu ofufuza zinthu zamagetsi, ofufuza kwambiri.

Malamulo Owonjezera Achisanu ndi Chisanu ndi Chisanu: Dongosolo Loyenera ndi Mlandu Wabwino

Pamodzi, Malamulo achisanu ndi Chisanu ndi Chisanu amatsimikizira ufulu wa anthu oimbidwa mlandu. Mpando wachisanu ndi chiŵiri umaphatikizapo kuyenera kwa ajuli aakulu (pa milandu ya boma), kuletsa kuopsa kwa kaŵiri, mwaŵi wolimbana ndi thumba, ndi kufunikira kwa ntchito yofunikira. “machenjezo odziŵikawo a Malekinda" ndi ufulu wa kukhala chete ndi ufulu kwa loya kwa loya wa khoti lalikulu (pachigamu chachikulu) mu Manda v. Arizona [1] [12:6], zimene zimafuna lamulo kudziŵikitsa ufulu umenewu asanapereke mlandu. Malamulo a Coult Claus amatetezanso kapena ku malamulo osadziŵika bwino, pamene kuli kwakuti amachotsa lamulo lomaliza la Claus (FL.G.G.G.G.C.C.

The Sixth Amendment provides the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury in the district where the crime occurred. It also guarantees the right to be informed of the charges, to confront and subpoena witnesses, and to have the assistance of counsel for one’s defense. The right to counsel was extended to all felony defendants in state courts in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963). The Court has since held that effective representation is required, and that the right applies to any case that could result in a loss of liberty, including misdemeanors. A speedy trial is measured by a balancing test from Barker v. Wingo (1972), weighing the length of delay, reason for delay, the defendant’s assertion of the right, and prejudice.

Kusintha kwa Malamulo Kwachisanu ndi Chisanu: Kutetezera Chilango Chankhanza ndi Chachilendo

M'Chifuniro cha Kusintha kwa Dziko la Edzi kumaletsa kuchulukitsa, kulipiritsa, ndi chilango chankhanza ndi chachilendo. “kuphwanya malamulo ndi zachilendo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito motchuka kwambiri pa chilango cha imfa. Furman v. Georgia[, Khoti Lalikulu linagonjetsa malamulo a imfa monga momwe amachitira ndi kuphwanya malamulo ake. Pambuyo pokonzanso malamulo awo, Khoti linachirikiza malamulo atsopano mu [[FLT:]. [FLT:] [FFF:3]] [zikuluzo. Ndipo kuyambira pamene, khoti lachepetsa chilango cha imfa, limachipangitsa kuweruza kwa aja amene anali pansi pa upandu wa upandu (FFFoct:], ndipo zopanda]). [imodzi mwa zigamu za anthu ambiri: [F]

Malamulo Achisanu ndi Chiŵiri ndi Khumi: Ufulu Wopanda Mphamvu ndi Mphamvu za Dziko

Kusintha kwa Kamodzi

Ninth Amendment ikunena kuti kuŵerengeredwa kwa ufulu wina m'Malamulo sikudzalingaliridwa kukana kapena kuchotsa ena amene anthu anasungidwa. Chinaphatikizidwa kulongosola nkhaŵa zimene zingaperekedwe kuti kundandandalika ufulu wina kungachititse ena kukhala kulibe. Khoti Lapamwamba latchulapo za Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa Ninth ku milandu yofunika yosandandandandandal', monga kuyenera kwa chinsinsi ( Griswold v. Connecticut .[FL:1], 1965) ndi kuyenera kwa kukhulupirika m'thupi ([[FLT:] Roe v, ndi kuwonjezera ana. Wade , lomwe linagwiritsira ntchito madetepiti a 147 Clascscs Claus koma ndi kukambitsirana ndi kuyendetsa malamulo oyambirira). Chikalata cha kumbuyoku

Lamulo la Khumi Lokonzedwanso

Demendment ya khumi imasunga maulamuliro onse osaperekedwa ku boma la boma kapena osaletsedwa ku maboma kapena anthu. Kukonza kumeneku kumalimbitsa lamulo la boma ndi kuletsa mphamvu za boma. Khoti Lapamwamba lagwiritsira ntchito Tenth Amendment kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma amene amalamulira boma kapena akuluakulu a boma. Mwachitsanzo, mu New York v. United States [1992] ndi [[FLT:] Primpz v. United States [FL:3] (1997]). Imaperekanso maziko a mikangano ya zaufulu wa zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi lamulo.

Kudziŵa Ufulu Wanu Wochita Zinthu

Buku la The Bill of Rights si buku la mbiri yakale chabe; ndi chikopa chamoyo chimene mungagwiritsire ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.

  • Zochita ndi kusungidwa kwa lamulo. [[FLT: 1] Muli ndi kuyenera kwa kukhala chete ndi kukana kufunafuna kogwirizana. Mukhoza kufunsa ngati muli ndi ufulu wa kuchoka. Ngati mumangidwa, muli ndi ufulu kwa loya. Musakanize kumangidwa, ngakhale ngati mukhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu ukupotozedwa. Khalani chete, lankhulani momvekera bwino kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wanu, ndi kupempha loya.
  • Proces ndi misonkhano yapoyera. Muli ndi ufulu wa kusonkhana mwamtendere ndi kulankhula maganizo anu. Simufunikira chilolezo cha kuyenda m'makwalala kapena m’mapaki (zilolezo zingafunikire kaamba ka zochitika zazikulu kapena phokoso lowonjezereka). Ngati apolisi atulutsa lamulo la kufalitsa, tsatirani ilo koma zindikirani kuti simufunikira kuchoka ku malo ena; mungapite ku malo apafupi. Peŵani kutseka mautumiki amwaŵi kapena kutsekereza mautumiki amwaŵi.
  • Kumasulira akuluakulu a boma. Muli ndi ufulu wa kulemba apolisi m'malo a anthu malinga ngati simudodometsa ntchito yawo. Makhoti ambiri azindikira kuti kujambula kumatetezeredwa ndi Copremend Reformation ku ufulu wosonkhanitsa nkhani. Onetsetsani malamulo a kumaloko, koma m'mayiko ambiri kujambula mafilimu nkololedwa.
  • Kuvota ndi kutengamo mbali m'zandale. Buku la Ufulu, kupyolera mwa First Amendment, limatetezera kuyenera kwanu kwa kuvota, kuthamangira udindo, ndi kuyanjana ndi zipani za ndale zadziko. Malamulo a boma amasiyana pa zofunika za voti ndi masiku olembetsa, chotero khalani otsimikizira kumvetsetsa malamulo m’boma lanu.
  • Kuphunzitsa chipembedzo. Mukhoza kupembedza mwaufulu, koma malo ogona angafunikire kulinganiza ndi zinthu zina za onse (m’chitsanzo, malamulo a zaumoyo, malamulo oletsa kusagwirizana). Ngati muyang'anizana ndi mkangano, funsirani chithandizo chalamulo kapena magulu amene amasamalira ufulu wachipembedzo.

Ngati mukhulupirira kuti ufulu wanu waswedwa, lembani mosamalitsa chochitikacho: lembani chirichonse chimene mukukumbukira, sonkhanitsani chidziŵitso cha umboni, ndi kusunga maumboni alionse ojambulidwa kapena olembedwa.

Zinthu Zothandiza Kuti Tizimvetsa Zinthu Mozama

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza buku la ufulu wachibadwidwe ndiponso mmene likugwirizana ndi mfundo za ufulu wa anthu masiku ano, fufuzani zinthu zodalirika izi:

Kumaliza: Chikalata Chonena za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe

Bill of Rights inalembedwa kutetezera anthu ku zipambano za boma, ndipo zaka mazana ambiri tanthauzo lake lakhala likusintha mwa kumasulira kwachiweruzo, malamulo, ndi zochita za nzika wamba. Kudziŵa zoyenera zanu zalamulo ndilo njira yoyamba yopezera ufulu. Ufulu wa nzika uli chitetezo chabwino koposa ku kuwonongeka kwa ufulu. Kaya mukuchita modzifunira, kutetezera nyumba yanu, kuimirira ku kufufuza kosayenera, kapena kulamula mlandu wachilungamo, Bill of Rights ndi chitetezero chanu. Mukhale ndi nthaŵi yakuumvetsa, kuuphunzitsa, ndi kuutetezera.