Maziko a Kukonzanso Zamoyo M’matauni

Malamulo a m'mizinda ndi ena amphamvu kwambiri amene maboma a m’mizinda angawatsenderere kuti akonzenso zachilengedwe. Pamene madera a m'mizinda akukula, kuyendetsa madzi a mkuntho, madzi otayika, ndi madzi akumwa amatsimikizira kuti mitsinje ingakhale malo opulumukira kapena yakufa, kaya zisumbu za m’mizinda zikhalebe zotentha kapena kutha. Malamulo amadzi ogwira ntchito kwambiri amateteza kwambiri kuposa kuletsa kusefukira ndi kutaya zimbudzi. Amasintha kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwa kukonzanso malamulo a malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito malo, ndi ntchito zachilengedwe, mizinda ingathe kusintha malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi minda ya minda, nsomba, mbalame, ndi zomera za m'dziko. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mmene malamulo a m'matauni akukonza zinthu zachilengedwe.

Ntchito Yaikulu ya Kuyendetsa Madzi m’Malo a M’matauni mu Ecosystem

Kumanga malo a m’matauni kumasintha kayendedwe ka madzi. Malo a kugombe monga misewu, madenga, ndi malo oimika madzi amatsitsa madzi a mvula kumitsinje. M’malo mwake, kutulutsa madzi osefukira ku madzi osefukira, kunyamula zoipitsa — mafuta a galimoto, zitsulo zolemera, feteleza, ndi zinyalala zapachiŵeniŵeni — mwachindunji m’mitsinje, nyanja, ndi madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Madongosolo a madzi a m'nyanja [FLT: 0] otentha ndi owononga madzi akumwa madzi akumwa, kugwetsa mitsinje, kugwetsa mitsinje ya madzi owononga, ndi kufalitsa kuipitsa kumene kupha mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Panthaŵiyi, dongosolo la madzi onyansa m’mizinda yakale lingasefukira, kutulutsa zonyansa zosayeretsedwa m’madzi.

Koma kuyang'anira madzi m’mizinda sikumawononga mwachibadwa. Pamene malamulo asintha kuchoka ku “kusonkhanitsa ndi kutaya [1] kupita ku [FLT ] "kusunga ndi kubwezeretsa, [1] mizinda imakhala adindo mmalo mwa adani a chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kufuna kuti zinthu zatsopano ziyende bwino pa mvula yonse yogwiritsira ntchito matebulo kapena kututa mvula kungafanane ndi kumanga hydrology. Policies amene amalamulira kumanga malo osungirako zinthu za m'madzi, amalola zomera kuchotsa mitsinje ndi mthunzi. Ndipo pamene kutaya zinthu zowononga madzi kumakonzedwa kuti zichotse phosrus ndi na maluŵa a maluŵa akufa. — ndi kuchepa kwa maluwa a maato amadzi. —

United Environment Programme (UNEP) imayerekezera kuti mtengo wa kuwonongeka kwa madzi a m'mizinda umakwera ndi madola mamiliyoni zikwi zambiri pachaka pamene nsomba za m’madzi zataika, kuyeretsa, ndi chitetezero cha madzi amaikidwa kwa [chifuno] [1].

Kugwirizana kwa Kachitidwe ka Madzi ndi Madzi Pakati pa Lamulo ndi Malo Okhala

Madzi alionse amene amagwa mumzinda ndiwo mpata. Ngati athetsedwa bwino, amakhala oipitsa. Ngati athetsedwa bwino, amabwezeretsa madzi apansi, amasunga madzi a m’madzi ozungulira, ndi kuchirikiza zomera za m’madera a mchenga. Malamulo a m’Urban amene amaikapo kanthu ka kukhazikika kwa tsidyani ndi [FLT] ndi [FLT] madzi otentha kwambiri otentha kwambiri kubwezeretsa mwachindunji mikhalidwe ya thupi ndi ya makemikolo imene imafunikira m’madzi. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo amene amafuna kuti mchenga wa m’mapale kugwetsa kugwetsa chigwere chisanafike mitsinje. Mofananamo, malamulo amene amatetezera madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja kuti asagwe kapena kuti asawonongedwe ndi kusungidwa ndi zigubo zonga zachilengedwe zomwe zimadalira pa nsomba.

Malamulo Othandiza Kukonzanso Ecosystem

Kukonzanso zinthu zachilengedwe mwa njira ya m’matauni sikunachitike mwangozi.

Mabuku Ophunzitsa Zaulimi

Nkhokwe zaudzu imaimira njira iliyonse imene imagwiritsira ntchito zomera, nthaka, ndi njira zachilengedwe zoyendetsera madzi pamene amagwera. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo minda yamvula, mawindo a mvula, madenga obiriŵira, misewu yokhoza kumangidwa, ndi malo ofeŵa. Zida zamwambo zochirikiza kumanga malo obiriŵira zimaphatikizapo:

  • Malo a magetsi oteteza zinthu: eni malo amene amaika malo obiriŵira obiriŵira otsika malinga ndi kuchepa kwa malo amene asiyapo.
  • Kuika mlingo wopambanitsa: [[FL:1] Kufuna phesenti yochepera ya malo kukhalabe pamtum'no kapena kuphatikizapo kuchiritsa madzi a mkuntho womera.
  • Buluzi womanga: [[FL:1] Kuyala matsindwi obiriŵira pa nyumba zatsopano zazikulu kapena kudula madzi a mvula kaamba ka kuthirira kwa dziko.
  • [[NT:0] Maprogramu aakulu a mumnicipal: Kuika zinthu zamoyo mwachindunji m'makwalala ndi kumanga malo osungirako anthu onse kuti atenge madzi osefukira.

Mzinda wa Filadelphia, Pennsylvania , umapereka chitsanzo chodziŵika. Dologa yake ya Green:1, Clean Waters imagwiritsira ntchito njira zobiriwira kuchotsa 85 peresenti ya madzi a mkuntho kuchokera ku malo osatetezeka. Mwa kubwezeretsa mapaipi a thonje ndi minda ya mvula ndi misewu yotseguka, programuyo siimangochepetsa kusefukira kwa madzi a m’madzi komanso imapangitsa malo okhala mbalame zosamuka ndi zonyamula mungu. Chotulukapo ndicho kusungidwa kwa [[FLT:] $50 miliyoni poyerekezera ndi njira yamwambo yofikira [FLD:4] [FLT]]

Malamulo Othandiza Kuti Madzi Akhalenso Abwino

Miyezo ya madzi a m’mizere yamphamvu ndi yosonkhezera kwambiri kukonzanso zamoyo. Pansi pa Act ya Madzi Oyera ku United States, katundu wambiri wa tsiku ndi tsiku (TMDL) wa zoipitsa zonga kugwetsa, phosphorus, kapena mphamvu ya mabakiteriya yothandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsa madzi ndi madzi otayika. Pamapeto pake, mizinda kaŵirikaŵiri imatengera malamulo amene amabwezeretsa malo owonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, Seatts’s [FL:2] Tywater Infrature Planture Plan inatengeredwa ndi kufunika kwa kuyang'anizana ndi matupikiridwa ndi TMDLF for Puget Sound. Mzindawungu tsopano umafunikira chitukuko chatsopano kuti apange njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito mvula, zimene zawonjetsa nkhalango zoko.

M’mayiko ambiri, . . . . . . . lamulo limeneli lachititsa mayiko kumanga madamu, kubwezeretsa madamu, kuyala ma magubo, ndi kukonzanso magombe a m’tauni. Ku Copenhagen, Denmark, mapulani a nyengo achititsa mayikowo kukhala ndi zolinga zabwino pokonzanso malo osungirako zinthu, kupanga mathirakito a ma ma magnovania ndi mbalame pamene zikuyang'anira mphepo ya mkuntho.

3. Malo a M’dera la thawale ndi la Riparian

Malo a m’mabwinja ndi achilengedwe, amasefa zoipitsa ndi kutulutsa malo ovuta. Komabe matauni akupitirizabe kuchotsedwa kapena kudzaza ndi ntchito. Malamulo amphamvu amene amatchula [[FLT: 0] malo omangapo malo otentha, achititsa kuzungulira matenje, afuna zopinga za mfuleni, ndi kubwezeretsa za nuvetland nzofunika. Matauni ena, monga [FLT:] Austin, Texas , , adapanga [[FLT:] Madzi a Mtengopepo [[FL:5] Okhala ndi mitundu yosawonjezedwa] yotereka yotereka [FL:]] yosatsa madzi onse. Mabwinja ameneŵa amatetezedwa kuchokera ku matu ndi kuondo, kumene kuli kodetsedwa, ndi kuchepetsako kwa mabanki: [F]

Mofananamo, mapangano a kubwezeretsa ndalama za banki [[FLT :1] amafuna okonza amene amawononga malo otentha kuti abwezeretsere kapena kukonza malo ozizira kwina. Pamene kuli kwakuti amatsutsana ngati malo ozoloŵerekawo salingana ndi malo okhala, maprogramu okonzedwa bwino a mibulu ya mahekitala zikwizikwi a madambo owonongeka m’mizinda monga ngati Chicago [1] ndi [[FLT: 4.]

Kudulanso mitengo m’Matawuni

Mpando wa mitengo umathandiza kwambiri kuyendetsa madzi a m’tauni. Masamba amaletsa mvula, mizu imatunga madzi ndi kuziziritsa nthaka, ndi mthunzi umachepetsa kutentha kwa madzi — ofunika ku nsomba za madzi ozizira monga traut. Policies amene amachirikiza kulimidwa kwa madzi [[FLT: 0]

  • [[MTL:0] Malamulo otetezera mtengo amene amatetezera mitengo yaikulu pafupi ndi mitsinje.
  • Malamulo a kudula mitengo amalamulira magawo atsopano ofunikira mitengo ina yobzalidwa panthaka ya mbali zinayi za malo osatetezeka.
  • Mapilo aakulu ndi phindu losapindulitsa kubzala zikwi za mitengo m’mphepete mwa mitsinje ya m’mizinda.

Malamulo a mzinda anatsogolera kubzala m'madera otsikira ndi madzi otsika, kuchotsa malita 100 miliyoni a kuthamanga chaka chilichonse. Mitengo yambiri inapangidwa m’mapaki ku Bronx ndi m'mitsinje ya Harlem, kubwezeretsa malo okhala matabwa a m’maŵa, maambulera, ndi mabanki.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Kuchitira Zinthu Mwaulemu Padziko Lonse

Zitsanzo zenizeni za padziko lapansi zimasonyeza mmene malamulo a madzi osanganikirana a m’mizinda amathandizira kukonzanso zamoyo ndi zomera.

Singapore: Programu ya ABC ya Madzi

Singapore [[FLT: 0] Ntchito, Programu Yabwino, Yaudongo ya Madzi Oyera [ABC Madzi] imasintha ngalande zotulutsa madzi ndi madamu a konkiri kukhala malo okongola, opangidwa ndi chilengedwe. Chitsogozo cha programuchi chimafuna maluso onse atsopano kuphatikizapo kututa madzi a mvula ndi kutsekerako pamene akutembenuzanso ngalande zamakono kukhala mitsinje yaing'ono. Pazaka khumi zapitazo, ABC Madzi abwezeretsanso mitsinje yoposa 20 ya madzi, kupanga malo a zitini, heron, ndi zirombo. Malamulo otetezera madzi, kusungidwa, kusungidwa, ndi zosangulutsa, kusonyeza kuti kubwezeretsako kukhalirako kwa moyo wa m’mizinda. [F4]: [F]

Portland, Oregon: Green Street ndi Thanzi Lowonongeka

Chigawo cha Portland [[FLT: 0] Programu ya maluŵa a Greenles [[FLT: 1] ndi chitsanzo cha dziko lonse pogwiritsira ntchito njira yobwezeretsa malo osungiramo madzi a m’mizinda. Lamulo la mzinda limafuna kuti kuwongolera konse kuphatikizepo kutsata kuwonjezera ndi maluŵa a mvula — tinthu tating'ono tochotsa pamsewu. Zomangamanga zimenezi zikutha tsopano, kuwonjezera mahekitala 50 a malo atsopano osungiramo m’tauni. Programu yachepetsa zonyansa zophatikizidwa ndi ma 90% ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu a [FLT:] . Kukonzanso ndalama za magetsi ku Johnson Cret , kuwonjezera magawo a A Willam Ette. Chigawo cha Adolette. Chigawo cha [1]

Belo Horiyonte, Brazil: Uyang’aniro Wosatetezeredwa

M'kupitira m'mizinda yapadziko lonse kummwera, Belo Horionante yapanga malamulo amene amagwirizanitsa kusungidwa kwa madzi a mzinda ku kubwezeretsa nkhalango. Kuwonjeza Madzi Aakedzana (Política Municipal de Sanemento) kumafunanso oyendetsa ndalama zothandizira kukonzanso madzi a mzindawo. Zimenezi zachititsa kubwezeretsa mathithithithi a madzi oposa 1,200 a Atlantic ku nkhalango kudyetsa mtsinje wa Venga. Malamulowo amaperekanso chithandizo chaluso cha kututa madzi m'madera otsika, kuchepetsa madzi akugwetsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo madzi. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti nkhalango zokhalako tsopano zikusungidwa pa mitundu 150, kuphatikizapo ine ndi Atlantine: [Forgan Frome]

Ntchito ya Madzi Otentha ndi Makina Opezera Ndalama

Palibe malamulo amene angagwire ntchito popanda kusungidwa. Matauni ambiri atengera ndalama za magetsi za magetsi zimene zimayang'anira eni malo osungira katundu malinga ndi mmene malo awo amapangira. Ndalama zimenezi zimapanga mitsinje yoperekedwa yothandizira kukonzanso zachilengedwe. Shynton, D.C. , pulogalamu ya RiverSmart imapatsa eni nyumba amene amaika minda, madenga obiriwira, ndi zitsime, zopimira, zobwezeretsedwa ndi mtengo wa mphepo. Programme yabwezeretsa malo okhala kuzungulira chigawo [FLT:] [C]

Malonda ena atsopano amaphatikizapo malonda a ngongole a madzi, kumene okonza mabizinesi angagule kwa eni malo amene amabwezeretsa malo otentha kapena zomangira mbewu. Njira imeneyi yozikidwa pa malonda inayambika mu Baltimore County, Maryland [1], kumene msika woyendetsedwa bwino wapereka ndalama zobwezeretsera mahekitala 500 a nkhalango pamene akulolabe chitukuko. Malamulo a zachuma ameneŵa amagwirizanitsa zisonkhetso ndi ziwonekedwe za chilengedwe, kutsimikizira kuti kukonzanso kwa malo okhalako sikuyenera kukhala ndalama za anthu onse. — Chingakhale chothandiza ndalama.

Kugonjetsa Mavuto: Chifuniro cha Zandale, Kugwirizana, ndi Kupanda Chilungamo

Ngakhale kuti pali mapindu otsimikiziridwa, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopimira madzi kumayang'anizana ndi zopinga zenizeni. [[FLT: 0] Zoletsa zopinga zomakezera [1] kaŵirikaŵiri zimatchulidwa, koma monga momwe zitsanzo zapamwambazi zikusonyezera, ndalama zowonongedwa za madzi ndi njira za malonda zingathetse zimenezi. Zovuta zambiri zikuphatikizapo:

  • Kugawanika kwa magawo: [[FLT :1] Madzi, kugwiritsira ntchito malo, ndi madipatimenti a paki kaŵirikaŵiri akugwira ntchito m'zilolos. Malamulo ogwirizana amafuna kugwirizanitsa thupi kapena mphamvu ya ntchito. Mizinda ina, monga Lus Angeles , adapanga ku chigawo cha mabwalo.
  • Kulephera kumanga maziko obiriŵira: Anthu ena akuda nkhaŵa kuti minda yamvula njosawoneka bwino kapena yomera udzudzu. Maprogramu okhutiritsa otsatsa — monga “mapwando obzala" a Portland — amasonyeza kuti ziŵiya zobiriŵira zokhala ndi zokongola kwambiri n’zokongola ndipo zimachepetsa malo okhala udzudzu mwa kuchotsa madzi oimirira (madzi amakodwa mkati mwa maola 24.)
  • [[FLT: 0] Nkhaŵa zosayenera: [[FLT :] m'mbiri, madera olemera adalandira zoikizira zobiriŵira. Apolishi ayenera kulinganiza bwino kwambiri midzi yotsala imene ili ndi chigumula ndi kusoŵa kwa paki. Luso la Chigawo cha Chigawo cha Chigawo [[FLT:] Factoractive [Form's :3] logwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi New York City kutsimikizira kuti madera okhala ndi ngozi ya madzi ndi mitengo yaing'ang'ono alandira njira yoyamba yopezera ndalama ya zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mapaki.
  • Kukayikira: Malamulo opangira njira za mvula zamtsogolo n’kovuta. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kutsatira miyezo yosinthasintha yolola kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi, monga ngati kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu ya mkuntho wa 95 peresenti, ndi kubwereranso kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi.

Kugwirizana kwa anthu ndiko chingwe chimene chimagwirizanitsa malamulo onse achipambano. Mzinda umene umakhala ndi nzika za m'maluwa za m'madzi zonyamula anthu , umati sunga shartres [ pa maprojekiti a paki, ndi kupereka za mtezi za mtengo wa maluwa [ kumanga mabowonekedwe othandizira anthu kuchirikiza ndalama ndi mphamvu zandale. Mwachitsanzo, [FTLT:] Mafutaukee pulogalamu ya Friast [1] [FLT] zomangira [FLD ] zomatations programuting programutings programutings protoodss promoties zobweretsa ndi kukonza maluwando, pamene ntchito zakhala zaka makumi ambiri.

Kusintha Kayendetsedwe ka Madzi ndi Zolinga Zoti Azisungirira M’matauni

Ecosystem yokonzanso zinthu mwa njira ya madzi siichitika mopatulidwa. Matauni ogwira ntchito yopanga zoyesayesa zimenezi mkati mwa mapulani, njira zosiyanasiyana, ndi njira zaumoyo wa anthu. Malamulo amene amapanga makhonde a madzi obiriŵira a m’nyanja za m’mizinda, amachepetsanso ziyambukiro za kutentha kwa maganizo, amawonjezera kuthekera kwa maganizo mwa kulowa m'chilengedwe, ndi sequester carbon mu nthaka ndi mitengo. [FL:2] Vanver, Canada [1] , ali ndi , [FLT:] , [FLT:] , [Doloza la .[FLT] Kubwezeretsa njira ya kuzungulira kwa m'midzi, kuwonjezera pa 200.

Mofananamo, World Bank’s City Resilience Program [FLT :1] ochirikiza [FLT:] zothetsera za kuonekera (NTS) m'makwanero a madzi m’matauni, kupereka chitsogozo cha madongosolo a zaumisiri kuti apange co-benophinition monga chitetezero, madzi, ndi mapindu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana [World Bank] . opanga malamulo angagwiritsire ntchito zipangizo zonga Nature Actal [FLD ] [FLD ]]

Mapeto ake: Kuchoka pa Zimene Amafuna Kusintha Kupita ku Madzi Amoyo

Malamulo a madzi a m’tauni sangokhala a mapaipi ndi mafakitale othandizira kuchiritsa — iwo ndiwo zipangizo zochiritsira zachilengedwe zowonongeka. Pamene mizinda idzipereka ku zobiriŵira, kutetezera malo obiriŵira, kusungitsa madzi abwino, ndi kubwezeretsa madzi abwino, ndi kukonzanso mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoperekedwa, zimasintha malo a m’tauni kukhala malo a zamoyo. Nsomba zimabwerera ku mitsinje imene inakhala yosauka. Mbalame m’maluŵa a mvula. Mbalame zimasesa ndi kutulutsa malo otetezera otetezera madzi a m’madzi.

Njira ya kutsogolo imafunikira kulimba mtima kwa ndale zadziko, kugwirizana kwa kutsagana, ndi kusungitsa ndalama . Koma umboni ngwakuti: Ndalama iliyonse yowonongedwa pa malamulo a kukonzanso malo okhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe imabweza madola ambiri popeŵa masoka, kuwongolera thanzi, ndi kusungidwa kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Matauni amene amatsatira malamulo ameneŵa lerolino adzakhala amene amayenda bwino pa za chilengedwe, zachuma, ndi za chikhalidwe m’zaka makumi zikubwera. Madzi amene amagwera m’makwalala athu sakhala otayika — ndiwo zinthu zosakonzedwa bwino zokonzanso. Malamulo a m'matauni amathandiza kuti zinthu zikhalenso zenizeni.