Makampani aang'ono ndi aang'ono (SMES), omwe amatchulidwa ku India kukhala mabizinesi aang'ono, aang'ono, ndi ang'onoang'ono, amapanga maziko a chuma cha dzikolo. Amathandizira pafupifupi 30% ku GDP, kuŵerengera kaamba ka pafupifupi 45% ya kutulutsidwa kwa kukonza, ndipo ndiwo magwero aakulu a ntchito pambuyo pa ulimi. Ngakhale kuti ntchito yawo yaikulu, SMEs adayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu, kulemera kwa chuma, kuchuluka kwa luso la zopanga, kulimba kwa maluso, ndi kupikisana kwakukulu kuchokera kwa oseŵera aakulu. Kuposa zaka khumi zapitazo, boma la India layamba kutulukira njira zosiyanasiyana zokambirana ndi zopweteka zimenezi, kukonzanso zinthu, kusintha zinthu, kukonzanso ndalama, ndi kutulukira kwa malonda. Nkhaniyi imapereka njira yodalirika, yofufuza, ndi kupenda njira zawo, kuyang'ana za kuthamanga kwa makampani, ndi kukambirana, kukambirana kwa Aindiya.

Kufotokoza Kagulu Katsopano

Asanafufuze njira zochirikizira, nkofunika kumvetsetsa mmene boma tsopano limafotokozera SMEs. Act [MMMME Development , 2006 [1] adakonzedwanso kwambiri pa July 1, 2020, kuyambitsa dongosolo logwirizana loyambira pa zonse ziŵiri zoikizira m'mafakitale ndi makina kapena ziwiya ndi pulogalamu ya chaka ndi chaka. Zimenezi zinaloŵa mmalo mwa malamulo akale a zandalama zosungira ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama, zimene zinachotsapo makampani ambiri a kagulu katepi.

Kuwerenga (Kuyambira mu July 2020)

  • Micro :[[FLT :1] Kuikitsa ndalama [1] crore ndi kutembenuka 765 crore.
  • N’ngwochepa : Kusunga ndalama 7610 crore ndi kutembenuka 7650 crore.
  • Pakati: Kuikizira 7650 crore ndi kutembenuka 762 crere.

Mafotokozedwe atsopano anachotsa kusiyana pakati pa makampani opanga ndi autumiki, kukulitsa, ndi kugwirizanitsa kuikidwa kwa makampani onse aŵiri ndi kubwerera, kupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa mabizinesi omakula kusunga malo a MSME . Ilo linachotsanso kusiyana pakati pa kuikizira m'mafakitale & makina (opanga) ndi zipangizo (zothandiza mautumiki), kuchepetsa kugonjera. Kugawiridwa kumeneku kumachititsa makampani ambiri kupeza mapindu a boma, kuphatikizapo Cerrectal Confictive Fund ndi mbali yobweretsa ndalama.

Malamulo ndi Makampani Opanga Mafulo

Boma limachita zinthu ndi maziko olimba a malamulo ndi malamulo, kuyambira ndi MMME Development Act, 2006 [1] , imene imalamula dongosolo la kukwezedwa, kukulitsa, ndi kuwonjezera mpikisano. Makonzedwe ofunika akuphatikizapo:

  • Malipoti a lamulo: Ogula ayenera kulipira ogulitsa MSME m'masiku 45, ndi chiwongola dzanja cha chilango kaamba ka kuchedwa.
  • Kupimidwa kwa Mabungwe a MSME Facilitation kaamba ka chigamulo.
  • [[MLT: 0] Sta antiserby chilikiza [[FL:1] kaamba ka njira zonga Credit Truth Snict Fund.

Kupyola pa mchitidwewo, National Policy on MSMEs (2011) [FLT :1] imandandalika mapu a msewu osumika pa kuchita ntchito yaulere, kufika ku ngongole, kupezeka kwa malonda, luso, ndi luso la zopangapanga zokhalamo. Malamulo amagwirizanitsa MSME ndi maprogramu apadera monga ngati [[FLT:] kupanga mu India , [[FLT:]], [DRIGUM , Indiyake , ndi India.

Thandizo la Ndalama ndi Ndalama

Kukhoza kugula ngongole yosakwera mtengo ndi yosafunika kwambiri. Boma latumiza zipangizo zambiri kuti zitseke mpata wa ngongole, umene akuti umakhala ndi 7625 lakhrore.

Kudalira Malo Osungira Zinthu Zachuma Otsimikiziridwa ndi Ndalama Zodalirika

CGTMSE inayamba mu 2000, imapereka ngongole zapakhomo zapadera za 765 crore (zowonjezereka kwambiri kuyambira pa 762 crore) kupita ku makampani aang'ono ndi aang'ono. Chiwembuchi chikuphatikiza 85% ya ndalama zokongola za makampani aang'ono, ndipo 75% ya akazi ogulitsa malonda ndi ofooka. Pa March 2024, ndalama zokwana 55 lakh lakh lasungidwa, ndi ndalama zonse zochotsedwa POFUL3.5 crore . Kuyamba kwakhala chithanda m'mabanki kuti alimbikitse anthu popanda zitsimikizo zaumwini.

Pulogalamu ya Nduna Yaikulu Yoona za Ntchito (PMEGP)

PMGP ndi njira yapachiweniweni yoyendera ndalama zimene zimathandizira kuyambitsa njira zatsopano za micropropectives m'mbali zonse ziŵiri zopanga ndi ntchito. Boma limapereka ndalama za 15%-35% ya ntchitoyo, ndi ndalama zotsala zoyendetsedwa ndi mabanki. Malowa amaperekedwa kwa akazi, SC/ST, ndi magulu ena osoŵa. Kuyambira pamene anatulukira mu 2008-09, PMEGP yachirikiza ntchito zoposa 15 kh, kuyambitsa ntchito zoposa 16 lakh .

Kuima Kutali kwa India

Wosankhidwa kukhala wopatsa mphamvu SC /ST ndi akazi ogulitsa, Stand-Up India imatheketsa ngongole za banki 7610 lakh kufika 761 pa mabizinesi a greece . Malamulo akuti nthambi ya banki iliyonse ipereke ndalama ziŵiri zotero . Munthu mmodzi kwa mkazi wokongola ndi mmodzi kwa wokongola SC /ST. Imaperekanso chichirikizo ku malo opangidwira ntchito ya . Pofika 2024, ngongole za mtengo wa 7645,000 zinachotsedwa pa maakaunti 2.1 kh.

Banki Yotukuka Yaing’ono ya ku India (SIDBI)

SIDBI amagwira ntchito monga bungwe lalikulu la zandalama zokwezedwa, kuchirikiza ndalama, ndi kupangidwa kwa chigawo cha MSME . Imapereka ndalama zachindunji, kutumizanso ku mabanki ndi NBFC, ndi kuchirikiza likulu loyambitsa. SIDBI’S DEP DEP . FULT] ya Ndalama [[FLT:] imathandizira makampani a ngongole ndi kufunsira ndalama zawo za ngongole ndi ku ngongole.

Kulinganiza Maluso a Ufulu Waukulu wa Ufulu wa Ufulu Waukulu (CLCS)

CLCS akufuna kulimbikitsa luso la zopangapanga kulinganiza mwa kupereka ndalama zapakati pa 15% (kufikira 761.5 crore) pa ngongole zotengedwa kaamba ka makina ndi zipangizo zamakono. Chiyambire kukonza kwake mu 2017, kakonzedwe kake kakuphatikizapo makampani 240+ magulu a makina kuphatikizapo nsalu, kukonza chakudya, ndi uinjiniya wopepuka. Kachipangizo kotchedwa kobwezedwa kwa wobwereka ngongoleyo akadzalipira mokwanira kapena pambuyo pa nyengo yoikika, kutsimikizira chilango m'mawongola ndalama.

Kupereka Ndalama Zochokera ku Nkhongole Zamwadzidzidzi Kumatitsimikizira Kuti Adzakonza Zochita Zake (ECLGS) — Kuthandiza Anthu Ovutika

Mkati mwa CHOVID-19, boma linakhazikitsa ECLGS, kupereka chilolezo chowonjezereka cha kuwonjezera cha 763 lakh crore ku MSMEs , ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 2% pa chiwonkhetso. Chiwembucho chinakhala chothandiza, kupulumutsa ntchito zonga ngati 1,5 mwa kutheketsa makampani kukwaniritsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kupambana kwake kunatsogolera ku kuwonjezera ndi kukula kwa mbali zambiri zonga ngati kuchereza alendo ndi kumanga. Pa 2023, oposa 76. crore anachotsedwa pansi pa ECLGS.

Zipangizo Zamakono Ndiponso Makina Ogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta

Boma limavomereza kuti kupangidwa kwa zipangizo zamakono ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti ma SME apikisane padziko lonse.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta ku India

Pansi pa Digal India , Ministry of MSMME yayambitsa pulogalamu yopatulidwa MMME Digital Platform (website) imene imasintha kulembetsa, maseŵero ochepera, ndi kudandaula. Malamulo osintha ndi Udyam Legacrogiption [[ , imene imaloŵa mmalo mwa Udyog Adarhayamram mu 2020. Udy Regblication ndilot , ndi njira ya GST, yogwirizana ndi ndalama ndi kubwezera, yosavuta kutsimikizira phindu ndi kupindula ndi kupindulitsa kwake.

Zipangizo Zamakono Zikuyenda Bwino

[[FLT: 0] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malo Osungirako Mitsempha (CFC) ndi Ziŵiya Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Boma lakhazikitsa malo oposa 100 Cumbial Centers pansi pa programme ya MSME CLATROGUP . Malo ameneŵa amapereka makina, malabolafiki, ma pulaneti, ndi mapulotototo kukonza. Mwachitsanzo, CFCCs ku Ludhiana imapatsa gulu la CNC zida za CNC, pamene zija za mu Titupur zija zopanga zopereka uto wowonjezera kupenta ndi kumaliza zida. Ndiponso, Tools shals [1] pansi pa NZIC (Invocracture Information Corporation) ndi magulu ena aungwetsa zida, ndi makampani ofufuza zinthu, ndi maluso apamwamba.

Kupeza Malonda ndi Kupititsa Patsogolo Kumaiko Ena

Kutenga zinthuzo kuti zigulitsidwe ndi kugulitsidwa kwa zinthu za m’nyumba ndi za m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndi vuto losatha.

Boma E- Msika (Genem)

Mu 2016, Boma linayamba kuimitsa malo a pa Intaneti kuti anthu apezeko zinthu. Chiyambire 2020, atumiki onse ndi madipatimenti ayenera kugula pafupifupi 25% ya katundu ndi mautumiki awo ku MSMEs, ndi 3% ya mabizinesi a akazi. Kuyambira 2024, GeM wakonza malamulo a mtengo wa 762 lakh crores kuchokera ku MSMEs, kudula nthawi zopeputsirapo zinthu ndi kuchotsa anthu apakati.

Kutumiza Chithandizo ndi Chitetezo ku Dziko Lakunja

Boma lasinthanso kulinganiza kwa Mabungwe a Kutumiza kumaiko ena [[FLT: 1] kuti lipereke chiwongola dzanja cha 3%-5% pa kutumiza ndi kutumiza kumbuyo ndi kutumiza ku kampani. [[FLT:] Kupititsa ku kampani yochirikiza ku kampani [[FLT:] (m'., Enging Ententinentiation Proventiontion Council, Atolal Exportive Provisionsion Councition) imathandizanso SMEs kugawana ndi malonda a mitundu yonse ya malonda ndi nthumwino, ndi ndalama za boma zoyendetsera ntchito ndi zoyendetsera ntchito za makampani ndi zoyendetsera malonda. [FLT:]

Kupeza Malonda ndi Kupereka Thandizo

Pansi pa Market Access Importation Scheme (MAAS)[FLT :1], MSME zimalandira chichirikizo cha ndalama kaamba ka njira zotsatsatsa malonda za kumaiko akunja kuphatikizapo macatalog opangidwa, kutembenuza webusaiti, ndi kusatsa malonda a za mayanjano. Scheme for Promoting Innovation, Culbary & Entrepreneurship [AFY:3] imathandiza kukhazikitsa malo osungirako ndi magwirizanitsira pakati pa mabizinesi akumidzi ndi misika ya mizinda.

Kukula kwa Luso ndi Kuphunzira Kuphunzira Kuposa Kale

Anthu aluso pantchito ndiponso amalonda aluso amathandiza kwambiri kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino m’mabungwe a SME.

Ntchito ya ku India Yopanga Matenda a MSME

Pansi pa Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yoyana (PMKVY) , makompyuta ophunzitsira anthaŵi yochepa amaperekedwa kaamba ka mamembala a MSME . Monga maplastiki, mapepala a zakudya, ndi IT. Kuphunzitsa kumachokera kwa boma, ndi kupenda kotsatira makampani. Bungwe la Skill Development (NSDC) [NFL:3] ndi makampani a makampani ophunzitsa ma Thupilo a SME .

Maprogramu Opanga Njira Yoyendera

Institute ya Entrepreneurship ndi Small Business Development (ISTB) [UFLT: 1] wa tsiku 15 ndi woyendetsa EDPs yokwaniritsa mapulani a malonda, kuyendetsa zachuma, makampani, ndi kugonjera. Otenga mbali amapatsidwa malangizo kwa chaka chimodzi. Akazi, pali maprogramu opatulidwa onga Trede Contance Enpreneurship ITUR Alimwi Development (TRAD) , zimene zimapatsa maphunziro a 75% ya chiwontho, nkhani ya tsindwi ya lakh .

Kupanga Makina Opangira Mitsempha ndi Zopangapanga

Kufufuza kwa MSME kwachirikiza ma Center 100 abizinesi (BICS) kudutsa makoleji ndi mayunivesite aunjiniya. Ma BICS amathandiza mbewu, zigwirizano, ndi ma alangizi a maluso a zasayansi. MMME GrowGDRD & Lamp; Access to Genence (GDAF) platifomu yopanga ndi SIBDI , 3] yogwirizana ndi mabizinesi ndi mabanki, mapangano a boma, ndi abizinesi kudzera m'makompyuta imodzi.

Kupereka Msonkho ndi Kulimbikitsana

Kuchepa kwa ntchito zamalonda kwakhala kukuchititsa kuti anthu azingopereka msonkho wochuluka ndiponso kuti asinthe zinthu n’kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira SMEs.

Kujambula Maselo a GST

MSMEs zokhala ndi desiki la 761.5 zingasankhe Compostion Scheme pansi pa GST, kulipira mlingo wa 1 °5% pa kutembenuka mmalo mwa GST yanthaŵi zonse, ndi ziyeneretso zochepetsedwa. Kubwerera kwa kasanu ndi kamodzi ndi mapepala ochepa amachepetsa kwambiri mtolo wa boma.

Kuchepetsa Msonkho

Boma lachepetsa mtengo wa msonkho wa kampani wa MSMEs (ndi kukwera kufika ku 764 crore) kufika ku 25% (kuchepa) , kuphatikizapo kutsala ndi kutsala. Chigawo 80-IAC chalola kuyamba (kuphatikizapo MSMEs) kuchotsa phindu la zaka zitatu zotsatizana kupyola zaka khumi zoyambirira. Makampani a tizilombo tating'onoang'ono, zofunika za misonkho zikamapo ngati akwera [1] crore (a kampani) kapena . . . .

Kusungunula ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malamulo a MSME

IBC ili ndi maziko ofeŵa a kukhazikitsa kwa MSME. Njira yokonzedwa m'kusungunulira imalola SMEs kuthetsera ngongole ndi okongoletsa m'masiku 120, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka. Njira yoyambira kusungunuka mu inknomency imakhala yochepa (31 lakh ), koma MSMEs zimapindulanso ndi kupumula kofunikira kwa obwereketsa ochepa kuyambitsa njirayo.

Mavuto Amene Tikukumana Nawo M’tsogolo

Ngakhale kuti pali zichilikizo zambiri, zovuta zingapo zikupitirizabe. Kuzindikira ndi kukwaniritsa njira zambiri sikumakhala kosiyana, makamaka m’madera akumidzi ndi pakati pa makampani aang'ono kwambiri. MaMSME amadalirabe pa ndalama zamwayi chifukwa cha kuvuta kwa mapepala a CGTMS. Kuchuluka kwaposachedwapa kwa zinthu zosafunika ndi ndalama zogulira mphamvu zawonongeka kwathandiza kuthetsa matenda a Lkh 1.5.

Boma likuyang'ana kutsogolo, likusonkhezera ma MSME kukhazikitsa, kulandira ndalama zolipidwa pa foni, ndi kuikizira m'kufufuza. National MSME Policy 2024 Maprogramu a m'maprogramu ogwirizana a ERP a MSME-scription, kugonjera, ndi kupenda kwa ngongole. Projectd Intectd Incentive Intentivenived (PLT) Secrect ya magawo 14, pamene kuli ku makampani aakulu, amalimbikitsanso MSMEs kukhala mbali ya mabotolo a dziko lonse. Chigogo chapadera pa kukonza zinthu ndi ndalama zachiŵiro chachiŵiro n'zo.

Kwa SMEs, kufunika kwake nkwakuti: kugwiritsira ntchito machenjera ambiri amene alipo, kupanga madongosolo a ngongole, ndi kufunafuna njira zololeka. Boma lapereka chikwakwacho cha kukwera ndi kutsalira kwa mabizinesi kuti aikepo.

Zopeza Zowonjezereka Zoŵerenga

Kuti mukhale wokhazikika pa kusintha kwa malamulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenerera, yankhani akuluakulu a boma ameneŵa:

Zinthu zimenezi zimapereka njira zochitira zinthu mwadongosolo, njira zochitira zinthu, kukonza zinthu zodandaulira, ndiponso kusintha kwa zinthu pa kusintha kwa malamulo kumene kumakhudza ma SMEs a ku India.