Ntchito ya Maulamuliro a Zachilengedwe ku India

Boma la India limagwira ntchito m'dziko la dziko lovuta kwambiri kulamulira zachilengedwe. Pokhala ndi anthu oposa 1.4 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chuma, ndi malo ozungulira madzi oundana kugombe, njira yotetezera malo okhala ndi kusintha kwa nyengo m’dzikolo imafunikira kugwirizana kwa boma ndi mayiko, ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndi malo osiyanasiyana a zachilengedwe. Unduna wa malo okhala, nkhalango ndi Climate Change (MoeFC) ndi chipangizo chachikulu chosayendera malo a magetsi, koma kukwaniritsa kwake kumadalira pa madipatimenti a boma, mapulaneti a dziko, ndi mapulaneti oyendera ufulu wa dziko, ndi kuloŵerera.

Kuvuta kwa malo okhala kwa India nkowopsa. Kuli pakati pa maiko omwe ali osavuta kwambiri kuyambukiridwa ndi nyengo . Kusinthasintha kwachisanu ndi chiŵiri [[FLT: 1] mu Global Climate Disces Index (2022) ya Global Climate Displane Index , pamene kulinso kuchuluka kwachitatu kwa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko kumachititsa. Kulinganiza zolinga za kuyambika ndi malire a malo okhala ndi zamoyo kumalongosola njira ya boma. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza malamulo, maprogramu, ndi njira zoyendetsera njira zamakono zimene India amagwiritsira ntchito kulamulira malo ake ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, zikusintha pa zochitika zaposachedwapa ndi njira zoyenderapo.

Maziko a Malamulo ndi Malamulo

Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Bungwe la Indian Constitution linalibe makonzedwe enieni otetezera malo okhala. Pangano la 42 la Pambuyo pa Msonkhano mu 1976 linawonjezerapo Mfundo 48A, imene imatsogolera boma kutetezera ndi kutetezera malo okhala ndi nkhalango ndi nyama, ndi Articla 51A (g), imene imapanga kukhala thayo lalikulu kwa nzika iliyonse kutetezera chilengedwe. Khoti Lapamwamba lamasulira Mfundo 21 (kuyenera kukhala ndi moyo) kuphatikizapo kuyenera kwa malo abwino, kupanga chiŵiya champhamvu cha kuthandizira anthu onse.

Malamulo Aakulu a Zachilengedwe

Environal Protection Act (EPA), 1986: [[FLT :1] adavomerezedwa pambuyo pa tsoka la mpweya wa Bhopal, EPA imapereka mapulogalamu a kugwirizanitsa kwa pakati kwa boma ndi malo okhala. Imapereka mphamvu boma lapakati kuti likhazikitse miyezo ya kutulutsa, kuyendetsa zonyansa, ndi kuteteza malo okhala. Act yagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziŵikitsa Kusintha Kwachilengedwe (EIA), malamulo a kuyang'anira madera a kugombe, ndi malamulo owononga kutaya zinthu.

Act yodziwitsa (Chommoration), 1980: Kachitidwe kameneka kamafunikira chilolezo cha boma lisanapatutsidwe kaamba ka zifuno zosalima. Kachepetsa kwambiri kudula mitengo ndi ntchito za maindasitale, ngakhale kuti kuswa kwakhala kotsutsana. Monga 2023, mahekita oposa 1.5 miliyoni a dziko la nkhalango adapatutsidwa pansi pa Act, ndi lamulo la kuchotsa nkhalango.

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Kachitidwe kameneka kanakhazikitsa malamulo a malo otetezeredwa `mapaki adzikolo, malo osungirako nyama, malo osungirako ng’ombe, ndi malo osungirako nyama. Imalamuliranso kusaka, malonda a nyama zakuthengo, ndi kupanga malo a akulu oyang’anira nyama zakuthengo ndi mabodipo a boma.

National Green Tribunal Act , 2010: [NT:] NGT imapereka luso lachigamulo cha kutsutsana kwa malo okhala, ndi mabenchi ku India. Imasamalira milandu yokhudza kuwonongeka kwa malo, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, ndi kusungidwa kwa ufulu wa malo okhala. NGT yakhala yothandiza kwambiri kukonza zinthu zachilengedwe, kutulutsa malamulo okhudza kuipitsa mpweya, kuyendetsa zotayitsa, ndi kuyendetsa maindasitale.

Kuweruza ndi Kuletsa Malo Okhala

Chikalata chapamwamba cha ku India chachita mbali yaikulu kwambiri m'kulamulira malo okhala. Ziweruzo za m'mafashoni zimaphatikizapo nkhani ya kuipitsa (1988), imene inatsogolera zofufuta kukhazikitsa mafakitale othandizira; [[FLT:]] Dalhi CNG ... vuto la [[FLT]] [3], limene linalamula kuti anthu asinthe kusuntha gasi wachilengedwe; ndi Godavarman kachitidwe kake [[FLT:] (1996]), kamene kanachititsanso “kuphatikizapo mbali zonse za msonkhano, kubweretsa mathirakiti aakulu otetezera. Khoti yoyang'anira nkhalango yotetezera Central CCEANCEI)

Zimene Dzikoli Limakonza Zokhudza Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Kuyambitsidwa mu 2008, National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) idakali njira yaikulu ya pulogalamu ya madera a ku India. Imatchula makampani asanu ndi atatu a National Mission amene amatchula za kutumiza ndi kusintha kwa magawo aakulu. NapCC ndi odziŵika kwambiri chifukwa cha kugogomezera njira zoyendera zopimira pulogalamu zimene zimapititsa patsogolo zolinga zake pamene zikupindula ndi nyengo.

Mauthenga Asanu ndi Atatu a Dziko Lonse

National Solar Mission (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission): Poyamba anagamula 20 GW ya mphamvu ya dzuŵa pofika 2022, choikidwiratu chinakonzedwanso kufika pa 100 GW ndi kukumana kwakukulu. Indiya yapeza 81 GW ya mphamvu ya dzuŵa yoikidwa monga ya kuchiyambi kwa 2025, yoyendetsedwa ndi kugulitsa kowopsa, kupanga zisonkhetsero kudzera ku Production Concendiced Incentive (PLI), ndi kupangidwa kwa malo aakulu a dzuŵa. Ntchito yachigalyz yagwera m'mawiriti ya dzuŵa, ikufikira 0.4 / KK mu 2023.

Ntchito ya National National Mission for Inded Energy Euniverse (NEE): Ntchito imeneyi imagwira ntchito kudzera m'madongosolo a zamalonda kuphatikizapo Fanget, Decience and Trade (PAT) yothandiza kuyendetsa bwino mphamvu za maindasitale, Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), ndi programu ya bungwe la Makampani yoyang'anira za ndalamafakitale. PAT yaphatikiza mayunithi oposa 1,000, kukwaniritsa kusungidwa kwa mphamvu yofanana ndi mafuta pafupifupi 10 miliyoni chaka chilichonse.

Mission ya National: Imasumikidwa pa kuyendetsa madzi osanganizidwa, ntchito ikuluikulu kuwonjezera kugwiritsira ntchito bwino madzi ndi 20%. Maprogramu a Jal Jeevan Mission, amene apereka njira ya madzi ku nyumba za m’midzi zoposa 120 miliyoni (kukufukiza 75% ya nyumba za m’midzi mu 2024), ndi Atal Bhujal Yoja yoyang'anira madzi.

National Mission for Sunging the Himalayan Ecosystem :] Imeneyi ikufotokoza kunyonyotsoka kwa chigawo cha Himalaya ku kusintha kwa nyengo mwa kuyang'anira, kufufuza, ndi kutengera kwa chitaganya. Yakhazikitsa madongosolo a zofufuza ndi masiteshoni ofufuzira ndi kuchirikiza makonzedwe a boma a magawo a Himalaya.

Mission ya Dziko kaamba ka Green India: Imangosumikidwa pa kukongoletsa ndi kukonzanso zachilengedwe, ntchitoyo ikufuna kuwonjezera nkhalango ndi mahekita 5 miliyoni ndi kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa mahekita ena asanu miliyoni. Imachirikiza makomiti oyang'anira nkhalango ndi mabungwe apamwamba a midzi kukonzanso maluwa ndi kukonzanso.

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): [1] NMSA imayambitsa ntchito zaulimi zoyendera nyengo kuphatikizapo njira zaulimi zophatikizana, ulimi wa zomera, tekinoloji yolephera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi (zothirira, zopaka), ndi inshuwalansi ya nyengo kudzera ku Pradan Fasal Bima Yojana. Makhadi a zaumoyo aperekedwa kwa alimi oposa 230 miliyoni kuti agwiritsire ntchito feteleji.

Mission ya Nationalal on Strategited Knowledge for Climate Change: Mabungwe a za ntchito zofufuza za ntchito, maprogramu ophunzitsa, ndi kumanga malo opangira sayansi ya nyengo ndi malamulo. Yakhazikitsa malo a kusintha kwa nyengo m'mayunivesite ndipo imachirikiza Indiya Network for Climate Change Assesment (INCCA), imene imatulutsa ntchito zopanga magetsi a ku India.

National Mission on Sustainable Habitat : Kusungika kwa mizinda, ntchito imeneyi imalimbikitsa nyumba zosatha mphamvu kupyolera m'Genezini, kuyang'anira zinyalala za m'mizinda kudzera ku Swachh Bharat Mission, ndi kuwongolera kayendedwe ka anthu monga ngati njanji ya m'mato kuzungulira mizinda 20+

Maboma Asintha Nyengo (SAPCC)

Boma lililonse ndi gawo la bungwe limodzi lapanga boma la State Action Plan on Climate Change, logwirizana ndi zinthu zofunika za kumaloko. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amakonzedwanso zaka zisanu zilizonse. Mwachitsanzo, Gujarat amayang'ana kwambiri pa mphamvu ya dzuŵa ndi kuyang'anira madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja posiyana ndi Assam kugogomezera kwake za chigumula ndi kuzoloŵera kwa tiyi. Boma lalikulu limapereka chitsogozo, chichirikizo cha zopangapanga, ndi ndalama ku kudzera ku Climate Change Action Programme (CAP), koma kwakukulukulu limapereka kukwaniritsa ndalama kupyolera mwa mabanki awo ndi njira zawo zothandizira kukonza mapulaneti a thithi.

Maprogramu Aakulu Otetezera

Ntchito Yoteteza Nyama ndi Nyama

Inayamba mu 1973, Project Tiger [1] Imodzi ya njira zachipambano koposa zotetezera zachilengedwe ku India. Programu yokhazikitsidwa yosungidwa ya nyalugwe yokhala ndi chitetezo chowonjezereka, kuyang'anira malo okhala, ndi kuletsa kupha. India panopo amagwira ntchito 53 zosungira tiger pa mahekitala 76,000. Malinga ndi 2023 All India Tiger Estimation Report, anthu a India amaimira pafupifupi anthu 75% a anthu a gulu la anthu a dziko lonse. Kukwera kwa manambala a nyalugwe kuchokera ku chigawo cha pansi pa 1,411,11 mu 2006 kuimira chipambano chapadera.

Mitundu ina ya mitundu yapadera yotetezera imaphatikizapo Project Elephant (1992, Project Rhino , ndi [[FLT:]] Kusintha kwa Great Indian Bustard project . India wakhazikitsanso makhonde 18 a makholo, kuphatikizapo Nilgi, Sundalbans, ndi Nanda Devi, amene amatumikira monga zitsanzo zotetezera ndi kufalikira.

Zimene Dzikoli Limachita Popanga Zinthu Zachilengedwe

Bungwe la India’s National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), lokonzedwa mu 2014, likugwirizana ndi msonkhano wa bungwe la Biological Diversity’s Aichi Integies. Dongosololi limatchula anthu 12 kuphatikizapo kuteteza mitundu ya zamoyo, kuwonjezera malo otetezedwa, ndi kugwirizanitsa zamoyo ndi kulinganiza. Kuphatikizapo zinthu kumaphatikizapo zolinga za boma ndi kukhazikitsa makomiti a bungwe la Boma oposa 2,500 a Bidiversity Management Management ku komiti a boma.

Act ya Biological Diversity , 2002 imafunikira phindu la kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zachibadwidwe ndi chidziŵitso chamwambo. National Biodiversity Authority imalamulira kupezeka kwa zinthu zachibadwidwe ndipo yavomereza maseŵero oposa 300 a kufufuza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa malonda osiyanasiyana, kupereka ndalama zotetezera kupyolera mwa mapangano opindulitsa.

Kudula Nkhalango ndi Kukonzanso Nkhalango

India wadzipereka kupanganso mitsinje ina ya matani 2.5.3 biliyoni a CO2 yofanana ndi nkhalango ndi mitengo ina yotsala pofika chaka cha 2030, monga mbali ya mapulogalamu ake ofunikira kwambiri a bungwe la United States Opereka Mathayo (NDC).

  • Compecation Afrestation Fund Fund and Planning Authority (CAMPA): Khoma lapamwamba la khonsa lamilandu lokonzedwa likusonkhanitsa ndalama zothandizira kukonza nkhalango ndi kuzipititsa ku maluwa. CamPA corpus imaposa 760,000 crore (approx. $7 biliyoni), yoyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe a boma a CAMAPA.
  • National Affestation ndi Eco-Development Board: [ Ndalama zodula mitengo kupyolera m'madipatimenti a boma a nkhalango ndi makomiti osamalira nkhalango mogwirizana.
  • Luwani India Mission: Amasumika maganizo pa kukonzanso zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo mitengo ya malunje, malunje, ndi nkhalango, ndi kuchita nawo ntchito.
  • Nkhalango ya Urban ndi Nagar Van Scheme: Inayamba mu 2020, chiwembucho chimakhala chofuna kukulitsa nkhalango 200 za m’mizinda m’mizinda yonse mogwirizana ndi mizinda yakumaloko, chigawo chaumwini, ndi mitu yakumaloko.

Chikuto cha nkhalango za India, chosimbidwa ndi Bulletin India State of Forest Report 2023, chiri pa 21.76% ya malowo, kuwonjezereka kwa makilomita a mbali zinayi kuchokera 2021. Komabe, nkhaŵa yonena za kukongola kwa nkhalango, makamaka kuchepa kwa mitundu ya nkhalango m’zigawo zapakati za India.

Kukula kwa Mphamvu Zomanganso

Utsogoleri wa Mphamvu za Dzuŵa

India watuluka monga nyumba yamphamvu ya dziko lonse. International Solar Alliance (ISA ) , yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi India ndi France mu 2015, tsopano ili ndi mayiko oposa 120. Kumudzi, India waika 81 GW ya mphamvu ya dzuŵa kumayambiriro kwa 2025, kukwera kuchokera ku 3 GW mu 2014. Ziwiya zapamwamba zikuphatikizapo:

  • Mapaki a Solars Scheme: Chitukuko cha mapaki 50 a dzuŵa m'maboma 22, iliyonse yoposa 500 MW
  • Rooftop Solar Programme: Colinga cha kupeza 40 GW ya mphamvu ya dzuŵa padenga podzafika 2026
  • [[FLT: 0] SPLI SLLER for Solar PV Manufaciting : Kupanga 764,000 kumanga mphamvu ya kupangira nyumba kuyambira pa 60 GW yamakono mpaka 100 GW
  • Energy Open Access Rules, 2022: Kulola ogula kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotha kuyambitsidwanso mwachindunji kuchokera kwa osindikiza

Mphamvu Zoyendera M’mlengalenga Ndiponso Ntchito Zopanga Masinja

India ali ndi magawo 4 padziko lonse m'malo oika mphepo, pafupifupi 46 GW. National Wind Energy Mission iyang'ana kukonzanso turbines zakale, kuulutsa mphepo ya mchenga (kuyambira 30 GW pa 2030), ndi maprojekiti a mphepo ya dzuŵa. Magombe a Gujarat ndi Tamil Nadu anapezedwa kaamba ka kutumiza kwa mphepo kwa pagombe, ndi zingwe zotsekedwa mu 2024.

Zomwe Amachita Kuti Apezenso Mphamvu Zokwanira

NDC ya ku India yokonzedwa imagwira ntchito 500 GW ya magetsi osatulutsa mafuta owonjezera mphamvu ya magetsi mu 2030. Pa 2025, inaikidwa mphamvu yotha kuwonjezera mphamvu yoposa 180 GW (kuphatikizapo hydrodro). Dzikolo likufuna kukwaniritsa 50% ya magetsi ake ofunikira kuyambira ku zotulutsiranso zinthu pa 2030. Pamene kuli kwakuti malasha akhalabe magwero aakulu (pafupifupi 220 GW yoikidwa), gawo la zobwezeredwa m'badwo wakwera kufika pa 30% mu FY2025, ndi zolinga za chigawo cha magetsi cha kutsika m'malo mwa chigawo cha kubwerera, kuzindikira chitetezo ndi kuyang'anira ntchito.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Kuletsa Masoka

Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Kusintha kwa nyengo ku India kumachititsa kuti pawononge ndalama zambiri pa nyengo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti dzikoli likhoza kuwonongeka ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri.

  • Foundation Aplitation Fund on Climate Change (NAFCC): Maprojekiti a zachuma osinthana ndi ulimi, chuma cha madzi, ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi mapilo oposa 41,000 operekedwa ku maprojekiti apamwamba a boma.
  • Uyang'aniro wa malo: National Centre for Sustainable Coast Management imagwirira ntchito pa mapu a ngozi, kukonzanso mitengo ya malungo, ndi kusintha kwa chitaganya ku Sundarbans ndi madera ena a kugombe.
  • Uban Heat Island Mitigation: Heat Action Plan, adachitidwa upainiya ndi Ahmedabad mu 2013 ndipo tsopano wofanana ndi mizinda 30, amaphatikizapo madongosolo oyambirira ochenjeza, malo oziziritsira, ndi kumanga zinthu zofunikira kuchepetsa ziyambukiro za kutentha.
  • Mission Shanti for MGNREGA Integition:[FT:1] Kugwirizanitsa Mahtma Gandhi National Parking Act ndi kusintha kwa nyengo [1] Oposa 60% ya MGNREGA imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizapo kusungitsa madzi, kufutukula madzi pansi, ndi kumanga kulimba kwachindunji pa mlingo wa mudzi.

Kuchepetsa Ngozi

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) imagwirizanitsa kuyankha kwa nyengo kokhudza tsoka. Maulamuliro a mphepo yamkuntho awongokera kwambiri [1] Cyclone Phailin (2013) [1] Kuchoka kwa anthu 1. "2.1 miliyoni achepetsa imfa kufika pa 45 poyerekezera ndi 10,000+ mu 1999 chimphepo chachikulu. Boma laika malo obisa mphepo, madongosolo ochenjeza, ndi makhoma a mchenjezero a gombe. Mapangano a Chigumula afutukukira ku masiteshoni 250+ , ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito yomanga ndi kuyendetsa mtsinje.

Kugwirizana kwa Padziko Lonse ndi Kusoŵa Kwabwino kwa Nyengo

Mapangano a ku Paris ndi NDC

India ndi woseŵera wamkulu m'nkhani za nyengo ya dziko lonse. Mphatso yake Yotsimikizirika ya m'Dziko (NDC) [1] Pansi pa Chipangano cha Paris, chokonzedwa mu 2022, ikudzipereka ku:

  • Pofika 2030 kuchokera mu 2005, GDP imatulutsa mpweya wochuluka kwambiri
  • Kupeza mphamvu zowonjezereka zokwana 50% kuchokera ku zinthu zosakopa pofika 2030
  • Pa nthawi ya 2030, pangani kaboni wowonjezereka wa matani 2.5 biliyoni a CO2 olingana ndi nkhalango ndi mitengo

India walengezanso chikole cha ukonde ndi 2070 , ngakhale kuti ofufuza amawona kuti kaboni imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri malinga ndi 2050 ya katundu wa maiko otukuka.

Kuloŵa m’Zaka Zambiri ndi m’Zaka Zotsatirapo

India amaloŵa m'pangano la Chochitika cha Tsoka [[FLT: 0] Chiyeneretso cha Maderere [CD-] [1] , [[FLT]] International Solar Alliance , ndi Asia- Platificial Climate . Kugwirizana kwa dziko lapansi pa kusintha ndi mphamvu ya mlengalenga kumakula ndi kuyera kwa Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, ndi United States. [[FLT:] Active Activetical ndi Riciation (AFM) [FFD] [FFD]

India wachita mbali yomangirira mu Group Wogwira Ntchito Yamakampani ndipo wakhala wochirikiza wamphamvu wa chilungamo cha mkhalidwe ndi kukondera m'maiko, kugogomezera thayo la m'mbiri la mitundu yotukuka ndi lamulo la Mathayo a Chikhalidwe ndi Aulemu Osiyana ndi Opatulidwa (CDRRRRRRR).

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu ndi Kulamulira Kwawo

Kusamalira Nkhalango Zolumikizidwa (JFM)

Kuyambira 1990, JFM yaphatikizapo anthu a m'madera a ku nkhalango ndi kuyang'anira kupyolera mwa Malobe Otchingira ndi Makomiti Osamalira Mankhalango. Makomiti oposa 118,000 amayang'anira pafupifupi 25 miliyoni a nkhalango. Mapindu amaphatikizapo ufulu wa ufufu (kusonkhanitsa nkhuni, zakudya, ndi zinthu zina za m'nkhalango zosakhala za m'nkhalango), ntchito m'nkhalango, ndi kugulitsa ndalama pa mitengo. Otsutsa aona kuti kugawana kwa JFM kwachepa chifukwa cha kugawana ndi kusoŵa phindu, koma chitsanzo chimakhalabe maziko a kusungidwa kwa chitaganya.

Makomiti Oyang’anira Zinthu Zam’thupi

Biological Diversity Act imalamula Biodiversity Management Committee (BMCs) pamlingo wa galamu ya pankachayat, imene imalemba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, kukonza Malamulo a Anthu a Zikhalidwe, ndi kutsimikizira kuti kuli phindu losasintha la kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo. Zoposa 2,500 BMCs zakhazikitsidwa, makamaka m'maboma olemera ndi olemera monga Kerala, Odisha, ndi Hichal Pradesh . [FLT: 0] Act yotetezera Ufulumo za Ufulumo, 2006 imavomereza zoyenera za nkhalango za anthu zoposa 15 miliyoni, kupatsidwa mphamvu m'mafuko kuti aziyang'anira nkhalango pansi pa mabungwe awo.

Kudziwa Za M’dera Ndiponso Maphunziro

Boma limayendetsa National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAC) [[FLT :1], ndalama zimene NGOS, masukulu, ndi makoleji akuchititsa maprogramu ozindikira za kuyang'anira kutayidwa kwa zinthu, kusungidwa kwa madzi, ndi kachitidwe ka nyengo. Oposa 2 miliyoni amafikiridwa chaka chilichonse. National Green Corps Programme] yakhazikitsa Eco-Clubs m'masukulu oposa 150,000, kuphatikizapo ophunzira m'kub m'mafakitale a kub ndi kuyang'anira magetsi. Mizinda ya AS. [FLT] ASSSSSSSS.

Zitokoso ndi Kusuliza

Zopinga

Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo sikukufanana.

  • Kudalira magetsi: Maakaunti a ndalama kwa 70% ya magetsi, ndipo magetsi akutsika ndi kuteteza magetsi ndi mayiko odalira malasha. Mafakitale atsopano alola kuti magetsi ayambenso kuwonjezeka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Tsoka la kuipitsa: [1] The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) imafuna kutsika kwa 40% pamlingo wa PMS 2.5. pofika 20196 (masitepe), koma kupita patsogolo kwakhala kochepekera m'mizinda yambiri ya 132 yosafika. Matauni pafupifupi 30 okha amene ali pa mzera wofikirapo.
  • Kulamulira kwakukulu: Kusintha kwa malo a nkhalango kaamba ka migodi, ziwiya za magetsi (njira, misewu), ndi chitetezo zikupitirizabe, ndi kuyeretsa malo okhala kaŵirikaŵiri operekedwa popanda kutsata nkhalango mwamphamvu.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Ubwino wa malamulo: Komiti yotetezera kuipitsa ya pakati ndi mlingo wa boma njochepa ndi yopanda zofunikira, kuchititsa kulephera kwa kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa malamulo.

Zopinga Zandalama

Chiyeneretso cha zanyengo cha India chikuyerekezeredwa ndi $2,000,000,000 pa 2030. Ndalama za boma zamakono kuchokera ku magwero onse (ma bajeti apakati, bajeti ya boma, chithandizo chamitundu yambiri) zimafikira pafupifupi $20 biliyoni pachaka, kusiya mpata waukulu. Kupanga chigawo cha mphamvu zobwezeretsedwa kwakhala kolimba, koma kusintha ndalama, makamaka kaamba ka ulimi, madzi, ndi madera a kugombe, kuchepa kwakukulu. National Emphatation Fund kutsalabe kudalirana kwa mphamvu kwapadera kwa anthu ofunikira.

Zonulirapo Zamtsogolo ndi Mapu

Zaro 2070 ndi Mikhalidwe Yosaiwalika ya Nsomba

Chikole cha India cha ukonde wa 2070 chachirikizidwa ndi makiyi asanu pakati otchedwa Pancamrit [1]

  • 500 GW persil giramu yotha mafuta pofika 2030
  • 50% magetsi amene akufunika powakonzanso pofika 2030
  • Pofika chaka cha 2030, anthu anayamba kutulutsa mpweya wa CO2 wokwanira matani 1 biliyoni
  • Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya GDP ndi 45 peresenti pofika 2030 (kuyambira mu 2005)
  • Kupangidwa kwa mitsinje ina ya carbon ya ma tonne mamiliyoni zikwi 2.5

LIFE Mission (Moferate for Environment ) , yopangidwa ku COP26, imapititsa patsogolo njira zodalirika zogwiritsira ntchito mwa kusintha kwa khalidwe kwa munthu aliyense payekha ndi m'mudzi, kuwonongera mphamvu, madzi, kutaya, ndi zakudya.

Mapazi a Timagulu

Kusinthasintha kwa njira: Boma linalimbana ndi 30% ya magalimoto amagetsi pofika 2030, mothandizidwa ndi FAME (Kulera Ana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Okhala ndi Magetsi) kakonzedwe ndi malamulo a dziko. Kukonza malo akuyendera limodzi ndi boma ndi kugawana ndi boma.

Down hydrogen : [1] The National Green Hydrogen Mission, yokhala ndi kutsalira kwa 7644 crore, zopangidwa ndi matani 5 miliyoni a hydrogen obiriŵira chaka chilichonse podzafika 2030, kupangitsa India kukhala malo a padziko lonse opangira hydrogen ndi kutumiza kunja.

[[FLT : 0] Chuma chachibakisa: Indiya ikukhazikitsa malamulo a dongosolo kaamba ka thayo la wopanga (EPR) kudutsa pulasitiki, bhetri, insiste, ndi magawo a tyre. The Swach Bharat Mission ndi Plastic Waste Management Respoint kuti apeze 50% ya pulasitiki yomasulirira podzafika 2026.

[[FLT :0] Makedzana: [[FLT :1] Act 2022 Act yathandiza kupangidwa kwa dongosolo la kaboni yapanyumba yogulitsa zinthu, yoyembekezeredwa kukhala yogwira ntchito podzafika 2026, kugaŵira njira ya malonda ya kuchepetsa modzifunira ndi kutsata kutsata.

Kusintha kwa Mabungwe

Boma likugwirira ntchito kukhazikitsa nkhalango ya Indian ndi Climate Change Service [1] monga kadi yopatulidwa, yolimbitsa Unduna wa Sayansi ndi kusungitsa zachilengedwe. Kapangidwe ka , pokayambitsa ndi National Astrow Survey Office, kadzanena za kutha kwa malo aakulu m'maakaunti a dziko, kudziŵitsa zosankha zochirikiza ndi zoikizira.

Kumaliza

Njira ya India yotetezera malo okhala ndi kusintha kwa nyengo imasonyeza malo ake apadera monga dziko lotukuka lokhala ndi zikhumbo zokulirapo za kukula, kusiyanasiyana kwa malo okhala, ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyengo. Lamulolo (kuchokera ku malamulo a lamulo a ntchito za NaPCC ndi maprogramu otetezera nyama) ndi owonjezereka. Komabe, kulinganiza kudakali kopanikizidwa ndi malo okhazikika, zitsenderezo zotsutsana ndi zitukuko, ndi zitsenderezo zachuma.

Boma lasonyeza kutsimikiza mtima kowona mtima kwa kufutukula mphamvu, kubwezeretsa nkhalango, ndi kukonzanso nyengo, koma kudalira malasha, kupsinjika kwa madzi, ndi kuipitsa zikupitirizabe kubweretsa ngozi. Kuyendetsa chilengedwe kwa India kudzadalira pa kulimbikitsa mabungwe a kumaloko, kuwonjezera kusintha, ndi kutsimikizira kuti conefictives za nyengo, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mpweya, kuwonjezera mitundu ya zamoyo, ndi moyo wochirikizika zidziŵike padziko lapansi. M'dziko limene malo okhala akugwirizana ndi moyo ndi chikhalidwe, kupambana kwa malamulo ameneŵa kudzayesedwa m'kukonzanso za nyengo ndi malo ndi malo okhalako. Kuwonjezera chidziŵitso chakuwonjezereka, kutchula [FL:MFFFFFF: FF: [1], [FFFFF:], ndi kuwonjezera pa zikalata zogwirizana za . .[3]