Maboma a m’deralo ndiwo mlingo wosavuta kwambiri wa kulamulira anthu ambiri, ndipo malamulo awo, ntchito, ndi kuikizira ndalama zili ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu ndi chokulira pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku m’madera apafupi. Kuchokera ku mkhalidwe wa njira ndi kutetezeka kwa anthu onse kufikira ku kukhalapo kwa mapaki, malaibulale, ndi nyumba zokhoza kugula, zosankha za boma za kumaloko zimaumba malo kumene anthu amakhala, ntchito, ndi kulera mabanja. Kuzindikira mmene boma la kumaloko lingathandizire kuwongolera anthu okhala m’deralo kukhala ochirikiza bwino kusintha ndi okangalika kukonza madera awo. Pamene nzika ndi akuluakulu a boma akugwira ntchito pamodzi, madera ena angakhale otetezeka, athanzi, athanzi, ndi otha kuchuluka, ndi malo abwino oyenera kuitanirako.

Kumvetsa Udindo wa Boma Lakumene Tikukhala

Maboma a ku United States ali ndi mitundu yambiri monga mizinda, matauni, magawo, ndi midzi. Koma nthawi zambiri amagawana maudindo amene amakhudza mwachindunji zinthu za m’dera lawo.

  • Ubwino wa ku polisi — Apolisi, kuteteza moto, mautumiki a zachipatala, ndi kusungitsa malamulo.
  • Kukonza zinthu — Makwalala, njira, magetsi a m'khwalala, zizindikiro za pamsewu, milatho, kuyendetsa madzi a mphepo, ndi madongosolo a madzi.
  • Thanzi la ku Thupi [1] — zipatala za Immunite, maresitorendi, kuletsa matenda, mautumiki a zaumoyo, ndi maprogramu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
  • Maprogramu a maphunziro ndi a chitaganya — masukulu a Boma (mabudi a sukulu), malaibulale, maprogramu a pambuyo pa sukulu, malo aakulu, ndi maphunziro a ntchito.
  • Mapiri ndi zosangulutsa [1] — mapaki a chitaganya, mabwalo, mabwalo a maseŵera, malo achitaganya, maiwe osambira, ndi mndandanda wa njira.
  • Dziko limagwiritsira ntchito kulinganiza ndi kumanga [[FL:1] — kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo omanga, kupereka zilolezo, ndi kutsogolera njira zopitira.
  • Kukula kwa zachuma — zisonkhezero za Mabizinesi, kuchirikiza kwapang'ono, kukula kwa antchito, ndi njira zodzutsiranso.
  • Kukopa ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa chitaganya — maprogramu a nyumba okhoza kugulitsidwa, malamulo osungitsa nyumba, chithandizo cha lendi, ndi mautumiki opanda nyumba.
  • Mautumiki a zachikhalidwe — Kusonkhanitsa Waste, kukonzanso, kukonzanso madera a redwo, kusungidwa kwa biriŵiro, ndi kulinganiza nyengo.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chifukwa cha kudziwa kuti ndi dipatimenti iti imene imachita zinthu zina, anthu a m’deralo akhoza kumangokhalira kuchita zinthu zolakwika.

Madera Aakulu Amene Boma Lakumaloko Lingawongolere Malo Oyandikana Nawo

Ngakhale kuti m’dera lililonse anthu amafunika zinthu zosiyanasiyana, m’madera ambiri boma limathandiza kuti anthu akhale ndi moyo wabwino.

Kulimbikitsa Kuteteza Anthu

Kutetezeka kwa anthu kaŵirikaŵiri kumakhala nkhaŵa yaikulu kwa nzika. Boma la kumaloko likhoza kuwongolera chisungiko cha m'mudzi mwa njira zonse ziŵiri zosungitsira malamulo amwambo ndi njira zoyendera anthu. Njira zofunika kwambiri zimaphatikizapo:

  • Commoniny policy — kupereka maofesala ku zipikiri zapadera kotero kuti amange maunansi ndi nzika ndi eni mabizinesi, kulimbikitsa kukhulupirirana ndi kugwirizana.
  • Kuchinjiriza mlandu kupyolera m'makonzedwe a malo okhala (CPTED) — Kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi abwino, kukonza bwino, mizera yowoneka, ndi mageti otetezereka otsekereza kuchepetsa mwaŵi wa upandu.
  • Kutumiza maprogramu owonerera a pafupi — Kuphunzitsa, kusindikiza, ndi zipangizo zolankhulirana kuthandiza nzikazo kulinganiza ndi kusimba ntchito zokayikitsa.
  • [[ML:0] Kuloŵetsamo luso la zopangapanga — Kutsegulira laiseti ya laisensi, madongosolo odziŵira mfuti, ndi makamera m'malo a anthu oyenda bwino (omvera chitetezo chachinsinsi).
  • Zitsanzo za kuyankha kothandiza — Kuchotsa antchito a zachikhalidwe kapena magulu amavuto pa machenjezo opanda chiwawa ophatikizapo thanzi la maganizo, kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mankhwala, kapena kusoŵa pokhala, kuchepetsa kumangidwa ndi kuwongolera zotsatirapo.
  • Kuchinjiriza ndi malamulo osungitsa — kufufuza kwanthaŵi zonse kwa nyumba zokhalamo ndi zamalonda kaamba ka ngozi za moto, kutsimikizira zoyendera utsi ndi zosasira, ndi kukhazikitsa malire a kukhalamo.

Kuwonjezera njira zopimira ku chisungiko cha chitaganya, Bureau of Justice Arvice imapereka ziŵiya za njira zochepetsera upandu zozikidwa pa umboni.

2. Kukonza Zinthu ndi Zoyendera

Nyumba zokhala ndi zipangizo zofunika kwambiri n’zofunika kuti anthu aziyenda bwino, akhale otetezeka komanso akhale ndi chuma.

  • Kukonza ndi njira zapansi [1] — Kukhazikitsa njira za transport ndi madera a sukulu kuti zikhazikikenso, kudzaza maenje, ndi kukonza njira zosagwirizana zimene zimayambitsa ngozi.
  • Malamulo a misewu onse — Makwalala opanga amene amasunga bwino oyenda pansi, oyendetsa njinga, oyendetsa galimoto, ndi oyendetsa apaulendo a misinkhu yonse ndi maluso.
  • Kuwongolera kwa mabasi — Kuwonjezereka kwa mabasi, kuwonjezera njira zotetezereka za njinga, kutambasula njanji yamagetsi, kuwongolera malo oimika mabasi, ndi kupereka chidziŵitso cha nthaŵi yeniyeni yofika.
  • Kupezeka kukwera . Kuika magetsi oletsa kuyenda, zizindikiro za apansi zomveka, ndi zidutswa zochenjeza pa mipando yodutsa kuti zigwirizane ndi Aamereka ndi Chilema Chilamulo.
  • Maulamuliro a magalimoto ozungulira ] — Kugwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za magalimoto zosinthasintha, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ndi njira zaluso zoyendera kuchepetsa nthaŵi za ulendo ndi kutulutsa mpweya.
  • Madzi ndi chigumula zolamulira [[FL:1] — Madongosolo ogwetsa madzi otuluka m’madzi, kupanga minda yamvula, ndi kumanga msewu wokhoza kugwedezeka kuti achepetse ngozi za madzi osefukira.

Department of Transportation imapereka chitsogozo ndi ndalama zothandizira ntchito za zomangamanga za kumaloko zimene zingasinthe malo okhala.

Kuthandiza Anthu Kukhala Athanzi

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo ndiponso mabungwe othandiza anthu a m’derali angathe kuthandiza anthu kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti akhale ndi maganizo abwino.

  • [[ML:0] Makiliniki athanzi amodzi [[FL:1] — Kuseŵerera kapena kuthandizira ndi ndalama zipatala zimene zimasamalira kwambiri, kuthandiza mano, ndi kutetezera, kaŵirikaŵiri pamlingo wa malipiro.
  • Maphunziro a Heath ndi kutsata [[FL:1] — mkupiti wa chakudya, ntchito yakuthupi, kusuta fodya, ndi kuletsa matenda m’zinenero zambiri.
  • Kusinthasintha kumayendetsa — kugwirizana ndi sukulu, matchalitchi, ndi malo a mudzi kuti ayambitse zochitika za katemera wa chimfine, COVID-19, ndi matenda ena.
  • Thandizo loyamba la tsindwi [[FL:1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Makonzedwe a zakudya zachitetezo — Kuchirikiza misika ya alimi, minda ya mudzi, maprogramu aulimi a m'mizinda, ndi maprogramu a chakudya apamwamba ndi ana.
  • . "Kusangalatsa kwa thanzi [1] — kupereka maphunziro auve kapena otsika a kulimbitsa thupi, makirabu, ndi mabungwe a achichepere kupyolera m'madipatimenti a mapaki.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention imapereka umboni woperekedwa kwa madipatimenti a zaumoyo akumaloko kupangira maprogramu a zaumoyo a chitaganya ogwira mtima.

Kuchirikiza Maphunziro ndi Maprogramu a Achichepere

Kupitilila maphunzilo ndi kupita patsogolo kwa unyamata kumapindulitsa kwa nthawi yaitali m’dela. Zopeleka za boma za m’delalo zimaphatikizapo:

  • Kukhazikitsa sukulu za boma [1] — Kupezerapo chuma chokwanira kaamba ka maphunziro a K-12 kupyolera m'misonkho ya malo akwawo ndi miyezo ya mapangano, limodzinso ndi kuchirikiza ndalama za boma zokhalira ndi malire.
  • Pambuyo pa sukulu ndi nyengo ya chilimwe [[FL:1] — kupereka maphunziro a maphunziro, maphunziro aluso, maseŵera, ndi ntchito zachuma mogwirizana ndi zopanda phindu ndi masukulu.
  • Maphunziro oyambirira a ubwana — kufutukutsa maprogramu a pasadakhale ndi kuchirikiza kusamalira ana kaamba ka mabanja opeza bwino.
  • Kuphunzitsa kwa kampani ndi maphunziro auchikulire — Kugwirizana ndi makoleji a chitaganya ndi masukulu a malonda kupatsa maphunziro a ntchito, makalasi a ESL, ndi kukonzekera bwino kwa sukulu yasekondale.
  • Mautumiki a magetsi — Kusunga malaibulale a anthu onse monga malo a anthu okhala ndi intaneti yaulere, makalasi a ndandanda ya anthu odziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga, ndi maprogramu a maphunziro kwa misinkhu yonse.
  • Utsogoleri wa Unyamata ndi pangano la boma — Kupanga misonkhano ya achichepere, kulipirira pamodzi, ndi kuphunzira ntchito zimene zimagwirizanitsa achichepere ndi boma lakumaloko.

5. Kukonza Mapaki ndi Zosangulutsa

Malo obiriwira ndiponso malo ochezera amapezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu monga kulimbitsa thupi, kugwirizana, ndiponso kulimbikitsa maganizo. Maboma angathandize kuti malo okhala azikhala abwinopo:

  • Kusunga mapaki omwe alipo — Kugwetsa, kusamalira mitengo, ziŵiya zoseŵerera, ndi kuyeretsa kusungitsa mapaki kukhala otetezereka ndi osangalatsa.
  • Kufukula mapaki atsopano — Kupeza malo m'malo osasungidwa ndi kupanga mapaki a m’thumba, mapaki a agalu, minda ya maluŵa, ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe.
  • Kuloŵa m'malo a zosangulutsa [1] — Kumanga kapena kukonzanso malo a mudzi ndi malo ochitiramo maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, maiwe, zipinda za cholinga chamitundumitundu, ndi malabolala a makompyuta.
  • Programu kwa misinkhu yonse — Kulinganiza maseŵera a achichepere, makalasi auveve okhoza, magulu aakulu oyenda, mapwando a mwambo, ndi mpambo wa makhonsati.
  • Mipata yopingasa — Kupanga njira zogwirizanitsidwa zoyendera, kuthamanga, ndi kukwera njinga zimene zimagwirizanitsa madera a m'masukulu, mapaki, ndi magawo a malonda.
  • Kupezeka kokwanira — Kukopa kuti maprogramu a zosangulutsa agaŵanidwe mofanana m'madera onse, mosasamala kanthu za mmene ndalama zimakhalira.

National Readition and Park Association imapereka njira zabwino ndi ndalama za madipatimenti a paki akwawo.

6. Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zachuma ndi Mabizinesi a M’deralo

Kutukuka kwa chuma m’deralo kumachititsa kuti anthu azipeza ntchito, katundu akhale wapamwamba, ndiponso kuti azikhala bwino m’madera ena.

  • [[NT:0] Thandizo la kabizinesi laling'ono , kupereka ndalama, ngongole zochepera, chithandizo cha zopangapanga, ndi kulola amalonda a kumaloko.
  • Magawo owongolera malonda — Kukhazikitsa madera odzilipirira okha misonkho ya makampani kumene eni katundu amapititsa patsogolo mautumiki onga kuyeretsa m’khwalala, kugulitsa, ndi chisungiko.
  • Kutsitsimula kwa misewu — Kupereka kuwongokera kwa kutsogolo kumapatsa ndalama, kubweretsa mabizinesi a nangula, ndi kulinganiza zochitika zokopa magalimoto apansi.
  • Kukula kwa ntchito — Kugwirizana ndi olemba ntchito ndi ophunzitsa kupangira njira za ntchito za nzika za m'deralo.
  • Masiteshoni-mayake [1] — kulola kugwiritsiridwa ntchito m'nyumba zomwezo kupangira makwalala oyenda, ogwira ntchito.
  • Misika ya Public ndi pop — Kulimbikitsa malonda a kanthaŵi, misika ya alimi, ndi malole a chakudya kusonkhezera maere opanda kanthu ndi masitolo.

7. Nyumba ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Anthu

Nyumba zotetezeka, zotsika mtengo, ndiponso zodalirika n’zofunika kwambiri kuti anthu azikhala bwino.

  • Kupangidwa kwa nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa — Kugwiritsira ntchito malo oloŵetsedwamo, malo oikizira, ngongole, ndi ndalama zothandizira mwachindunji kukhazikitsa nyumba za mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa ndi osakwanira.
  • Malamulo osungitsa lamulo — Kuyang'anira malo opangidwira, kuyankha kuvuto, ndi kuchititsa eni malo kuŵerengera kaamba ka mikhalidwe yowopsa.
  • Kusintha kwamphamvu [1] — kugwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira lendi kapena kungochititsa malamulo akuchotsa dziko kuti apeŵe kusamuka mofulumira m'madera ochititsa mantha.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Mautumiki opanda pokhala [[FL:1] — Kupereka malo ogona, nyumba zokhalira, timagulu topitira, ndi maprogramu ofulumira kubwezeretsa.
  • Kusungitsa nyumba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8. Kusungika kwa Malo Okhala

Maboma a m’derali asintha kwambiri nyengo komanso malo okhala.

  • Kubzala ndi nkhalango za m’tauni [1] — Kufutukula mitengo kuti zisumbu zikhale zotentha, kuwongolera mpweya wabwino, ndi kuyendetsa madzi a mkuntho.
  • Maluŵa a m'dziko limodzi ndi ulimi wa m’matauni — Kupanga malo opanda kanthu kaamba ka kulimidwa kwa chakudya ndi kupereka compost ndi madzi.
  • Miyezo yomanga yaudzu , kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulaneti a dzuŵa ndi madenga obiriŵira, ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu yopanga mphamvu.
  • Kuchepetsa ndi kubwezeretsa — kupereka chigawo cha pulogalamu ya kukonzanso, ndi kusonkhanitsa zochitika zapanyumba zaupandu.
  • Kukonzekera kwa mphamvu kwamphamvu . . . . Kupangitsa kupenda ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezero cha madzi osefukira, kukonzekera kwamwadzidzidzi, ndi kuziziritsa m'mafunde otentha.
  • [[NT: 0] Kuteteza madzi . — Kupititsa patsogolo migolo ya mvula, kutseka, ndi maprogramu ochucha kuti apeze madzi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafoni ndi Mafoni ndi Mafoni ndi Mabuku Kumathandiza

M’zaka za m’ma 2000 zino, njira yopezera Intaneti ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa njira zinanso zothandizira anthu:

  • Kufutukuka kwa ndudu — Kupanga mampando a m'masipala kapena makampani a pa intaneti kuti afutukule intaneti yokwera yokwera kwambiri kufikira madera osungidwa.
  • Public Wi-Fi Whops " . Kuika Wi-Fi yaulere m'mapaki, malo a anthu, malaibulale, ndi malo oimika oyendera.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Kuwala koyera kwa m'khwalala [1] , Kuloŵa m'malo mwa magetsi a m'khwalala ndi LD zimene zingasinthidwe kutali kuti muteteze mphamvu ndi kuwongolera chitetezo.
  • Atsegula mabogi a chidziŵitso — Kufalitsa chidziŵitso cha boma cha upandu, zilolezo, bajeti, ndi mautumiki kotero kuti nzika zingaŵerengere kupita patsogolo ndi kuŵerengera akuluakulu a boma.
  • Pakhoti lautumiki [1] — Kulola nzika kusimba zibowo, kulipirira ndalama za magetsi, kufunsira chilolezo, ndi mautumiki a anthu kupyolera mwa mawebusaiti ndi ma apulogalamu aubwenzi.

Zimene Anthu Okhala M’dzikolo Angachite Kuti Agwirizane ndi Boma

Kuwongolera malo sikuli kokha thayo la boma la kumaloko; kumafuna kugwirizana kwachangu ndi nzika.

  • Misonkhano ya m’holo ya tauni ndi milandu yapoyera — Misonkhano yolinganizidwa nthaŵi zonse ya bungwe la mzinda, kulinganiza bungwe, bungwe la sukulu, ndi mabodi ena amapereka malo amodzi oonekeratu kuti apereke nkhaŵa ndi kufunsa mafunso.
  • Kutaya kapena kupanga gulu la anthu apafupi — Magulu Olinganizidwa angachirikize pamodzi kaamba ka kuwongoleredwa, kulankhulana ndi akuluakulu a boma, ndi kugwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zaufulu.
  • Kutumikira pa mabudi kapena madanga otsatizana [1] mizinda yambiri ili ndi ma pulaimani odzifunira a mapaki, kukonzekera, nyumba, kusungidwa kwa mbiri yakale, ndi zina zambiri.
  • Kukumana ndi akuluakulu anu osankhidwa — Mail, mafoni, ndi makalata kwa mameya, ndi akuluakulu a boma amatengedwa mwamphamvu, makamaka pamene ali olondola ndi olimbikitsa.
  • Kampani m'mayeso a chitaganya ndi kulinganiza bajeti [[FL:1] . Maboma ambiri tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito bajeti yothandizira anthu ndi kufufuza kwa pa Intaneti kuti apeze mfundo zofunikira pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika.
  • [[FLT: 0] Zoyesayesa zomangira ntchito za mzinda [1] . Ikani pamodzi ndi malo audongo apafupi, kubzala, kuyang'anira upandu, kapena munda wa anthu. Zoyesayesa zimenezi zimamanga unansi ndi antchito a mzinda ndi kusonyeza kudzipereka kwa chitaganya.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito mafashoni otsegula [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • amamanga mgwirizano — Mgwirizano ndi zinthu zakumaloko zosapindulitsa, magulu achikhulupiriro, mabizinesi, ndi anthu ena odziŵa kupereka liwu limodzi pa nkhani zazikulu.

Kumaliza

Maboma a m’derali ali ndi malo oyenera kuwongolera zinthu, kuyambira kukonza makwalala ndi kubzala mitengo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zotsika ndi kuwonjezera kayendedwe ka anthu. Zochita zachipambano kwambiri zimachitika pamene nzikazo zizindikira mmene boma lawo limagwirira ntchito ndi kukonza zinthu zofunika. Mwa kuyang'anira zipangizo ndi maudindo otchulidwa pamwambapa, akuluakulu a boma ndi nzika zonse zingagwirizanitse pamodzi kukonza malo omwe ali otetezeka, athanzi, atha kukhala athanzi, ndiponso osasoŵa ndalama. Mfungulo imakhalapobe, imathandiza, imathandizana — ndipo kuzindikira kuti ngakhale kusintha zinthu pang’ono pa mlingo wa kumaloko kungasinthe anthu kuti asinthe n’kukhala bwino.