Mmene Boma Lanu Limathandizira Anthu Ovutika ndi Thanzi Lawo

Kumvetsa Thanzi la Anthu Onse ndi Mmene Limakhudzira Malo Ena

Umoyo wa anthu onse ndi sayansi ndi luso lakuletsa matenda, kuwonjezera moyo, ndi kupititsa patsogolo thanzi ku madera olinganizidwa. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani zambiri zaumoyo wapoyera zimakhudza kwambiri mabungwe a dziko kapena dziko lonse, ntchito za mwamsanga ndi zooneka zimachitika ku mlingo wa dziko. Maboma, maboma, ndi zigawo zaumoyo ndizo othandizira anthu aumoyo. Amapanga malamulo, kugawira chuma, ndi kupereka maprogramu amene amaumba mwachindunji ubwino wa anthu okhala m’dzikolo. Kuzindikira mmene maboma akulankhulira ndi anthu onse sikumathandizira chabe ntchitoyitsa nzikazo komanso kumalimbitsanso dongosolo la zaumoyo la anthu onse.

Ntchito yaumoyo ya anthu onse yakumaloko imadalira pa njira yopimira, kupangidwa kwa malamulo, ndi chitsimikizo. Ntchito zimenezi, zokhazikitsidwa ndi Institute of Medicine, zimatsogolera zosankha zonse zopangidwa ndi mabungwe a mzinda, mabungwe a boma, ndi mabungwe a zaumoyo. Kaya nkhaniyi ndi yoipitsa madzi, mlingo womawonjezereka wa chifuwa cha mphumu paubwana, kapena mpata wa mautumiki a zaumoyo, maboma akutsatira njira zodziŵira mavuto, kupenda, ndi kukwaniritsa masinthidwe. Nkhaniyi imafufuza njira zosiyanasiyana, maprogramu, maprogramu, ndi mayanjano amene amathandiza maboma a m’dziko kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo zaumoyo wa anthu onse.

Zimene Boma Lakumene Tikukhala Limachita Kuti Anthu Onse Akhale ndi Thanzi Labwino

Maboma a m’dzikolo ndiwo maziko a zipatala za anthu a ku America. Amayendetsa madipatimenti a zaumoyo, amaonetsetsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi zimbudzi, amayang'anira zolembedwa zofunika, ndiponso amayang’anira zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Mathayo aakulu a maboma a m’dzikolo a zaumoyo amaphatikizapo:

Kuyambitsa malamulo a zaumoyo amene amasamalira mavuto ndi zosoŵa za m’deralo
Kufufuza za thanzi la munthu kuti mudziwe zimene zikuchitika komanso zimene zikumuchitikira
Kuphunzitsa anthu zaumoyo ndiponso kukweza anthu osiyanasiyana pa ntchito
Kusamalira zinthu zofunika kwambiri zaumoyo wa anthu, kuphatikizapo matenda ndiponso masoka achilengedwe
Kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a m’chitaganya, mabungwe osamalira zaumoyo, ndi mabungwe ena kuti afutukule kufikira ndi kupeza chuma

Madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo a m’derali amadaliranso mabungwe a zaumoyo amene amathandiza anthu kuti apeze njira zoyendetsera ntchitoyi.

Makhalidwe ndi Malamulo a Zaumoyo

Maboma a m’maderawo amapanga ndi kutsatitsa malamulo a zaumoyo amene amatetezera mwachindunji anthu ku ngozi zodziŵika. Malamulo ameneŵa amaphatikiza malo ambiri, monga kutetezereka kwa chakudya, madzi, kuipitsa mpweya, kugwiritsa ntchito fodya, ndi mikhalidwe ya nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo a m’mizinda angafune kuti malesitilanti aperekedwe kuyendera, kuletsa kusuta m’mapaki a anthu onse, kapena kulamula kuti afufuze malo obweretsedwawo kalelo asanafike 1978. Malamulo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala oyenera kuposa boma kapena miyezo ya boma chifukwa chakuti amasonyeza zinthu zofunika ndi mikhalidwe ya kumaloko.

Njira yoyambitsa malamulo a zaumoyo imaphatikizapo kumvetsera kwa anthu, umboni waluso, ndi kufufuza chidziŵitso. Oyang'anira zaumoyo akupereka zopezedwa ku mabungwe a mzinda kapena mabungwe achigawo, amene kenaka amavota pa malamulo operekedwa. Pakachitika , lamulo lakaikitsa kwa oyang'anira ndi akatswiri opanga makampani amene amachita maulendo okhazikika, kutchula mawu, ndipo, pamene kuli kofunika, mabizinesi akufupi amene akupereka chiwopsezo chachikulu. Madandaulo a nzika za anthu amachititsanso kufufuza kwa "Bungwe loumba m’nyumba, makoswe m'ka, kapena chipinda chosungiramo zinthu cha m'dera.

Zitsanzo za malamulo a zaumoyo opindulitsa akumaloko zimaphatikizapo malamulo okakamiza a katemera kaamba ka opezekapo kusukulu, malire a kuchepetsa mafuta m’chakudya cha m’lesitilanti, ndi malamulo omanga amene amaletsa kuchuluka kwa zoledzeretsa m'madera a upandu waukulu.

Kuyesa Zaumoyo

Kufufuza zaumoyo ndi njira zolinganizidwa zogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi madipatimenti a zaumoyo akumaloko kusonkhanitsa, kupenda, ndi kumasulira chidziŵitso chonena za mkhalidwe wa thanzi la anthu. Kufufuza kumeneku kumapereka chithunzi cha mavuto a thanzi amakono ndi chuma, ndipo kumapanga umboni wa kulinganiza kwabwino. Madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo akumasamalira zaumoyo wa anthu a m'deralo (CHA) akuchititsa ntchito ya zaumoyo (CHA) zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu zilizonse, kaŵirikaŵiri m'chigwirizano ndi zipatala, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe osapeza phindu.

Zimene anthu ena amachita pofufuza za thanzi lawo ndi monga:

Kupha anthu ambiri ndiponso kuopsa kwa imfa
Kuchuluka kwa matenda aakulu monga matenda a shuga, mtima, ndi kansa
Zinthu monga kusuta fodya, kudya zakudya zosapatsa thanzi, kusachita zinthu zina, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Zizindikiro za malo okhala monga kulimba kwa mpweya, kutetezereka kwa madzi, ndi kukongola kwa nyumba
Kupezeka ku mautumiki a zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo inshuwalansi, osamalira anthu odwala matenda a maganizo, ndi kuchiritsa maganizo
Kuletsa anthu kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, monga ndalama, maphunziro, ntchito, ndi malo okhala

Chidziŵitsocho chimasonkhanitsidwa kupyolera m'mafufuzidwe, mafashoni ofunika kwambiri, kuchotsedwa kwa anthu m'chipatala, ndi kuyang'aniridwa kwa magulu. Atafufuza, zopezedwazo zimagawiridwa ndi anthu onse ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kupanga bungwe la Community Health Reformation Plan (CHIP). Mwachitsanzo, CHAPA ingavumbule kuti deralo lili ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha imfa za ana chifukwa cha kusafunikira kwa kubadwa. Poyankha, boma lingayambitse programu yapanyumba yochezera amayi ndi kufutukuka kwa maola ambiri pazipatala zaumoyo. Mayeso a zaumoyo amatsimikizira kuti zinthu za m'dziko zikuyang'ono kwambiri, ndipo amapereka njira yopimira kwa nthaŵi.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Maphunziro Aumoyo ndi Zopititsa Patsogolo

Maboma a m’derali ndi ofunika kwambiri pophunzitsa zaumoyo ndi kukweza mapulogalamu amene amafikira anthu kumene amakhala, ntchito, kuphunzira, ndi kusewera.

Nkhani za maphunziro a zaumoyo zimene maboma a m’dzikolo amakamba ndi izi:

Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuphatikizapo kupititsa patsogolo malonda a alimi ndi mapulogalamu a pasukulu
Kulimbitsa thupi ndi kulimbitsa thupi, monga kuyenda m’njira, kupalasa njinga pamodzi, ndi kuchita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi m’chitaganya
Kusamalira ndi kupima, kuphatikizapo mammogram crectifications, kupima kayendedwe ka magazi, ndi mapuloteni
Kuletsa molakwa kwapansipansi, kuphatikiza zakumwa zoledzeretsa, fodya, opioids, ndi mankhwala ena kupyolera m’magulu ogwirizana a sukulu ndi a m’chitaganya
Kuzindikira za thanzi la maganizo, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo, kuchepetsa kudzipha, ndi kuchepetsa ndawala zonyoza
Kupeŵa kuvulaza, monga ngati kupima malo okhalirapo galimoto, kuletsa achikulire, ndi maphunziro osokoneza a maseŵera a achichepere

Kuti apereke maprogramu ameneŵa, makampani a boma okhala ndi sukulu, mabungwe odalira chikhulupiriro, olemba ntchito, ndi mawailesi. Amawonjezeranso kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa malo a anthu onse: malaibulale amakhala malo a katemera, malo osungirako anthu, ndi mapaki amakhala malo ochitirako maseŵera olimbitsa thupi. Makampani ambiri a zaumoyo ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndi madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo pogwiritsa ntchito wailesi za anthu, mauthenga a pa foni, ndi ma apulogalamu a m'manja kutumiza zikumbutso za thanzi la anthu ndi maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda ungayambitse mkupiti wolimbikitsa katemera wa chifuwa mwa kutumiza mauthenga otsatsatsa malonda a zachibwibwibwi ndi mitengo ya za zamankhwala apamwamba kwambiri.

Kusamalira Zofuna Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Pamene ngozi ya zaumoyo ya anthu ichitika, maboma a m'dziko ndiwo oyamba kuchitapo kanthu. Iwo ali ndi ulamuliro wa boma wolengeza boma lakwawoko la zangozi, kuchititsa makampani oyendera ngozi, ndi kutumiza zipangizo zotetezera anthu. Matenda a anthu onse angakhale kuyambika kwa matenda opatsirana (ngati CHOVID-19 kapena chikuku), masoka achilengedwe (matenda, kusefukira kwa madzi, kutentha kwa moto), kukhetsa mankhwala, kapena zochitika zauchigaŵenga. Ufulu wa dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya kumaloko wothandiza kuyang'anira bwino matendawo, maphunziro, ndi mgwirizano wake.

Zokonzekera Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi

Dipatimenti iliyonse ya zaumoyo yakumaloko imafunika kukhala ndi njira yochitira zinthu zamwadzidzidzi kuti ikonze njira zofotokozera ntchito, maudindo, ndi njira zoyendetsera ntchito. Makonzedwe amenewa amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi mabungwe oyang'anira zangozi, malamulo, madipatimenti ozimitsa moto, zipatala, ndi anzake ena. Zigawo zofunika zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa chithandizo cha mankhwala, kupereka dongosolo la dongosolo lakutetezera munthuwe ndi mankhwala, katemera wambiri kapena zipatala zopimira ku prophylaxis (malo operekerapo), ndi malamulo otetezera zipatala za za zaumoyo.

Maboma a m'dzikolo amapanganso masewera oyeza ndi olimbitsa thupi kuti aone ngati akufuna. Masewera a tebulote akukambirana zimene zingachitikedi, pamene zikufanana ndi zochitika zenizeni ndi oseŵera ndi zipangizo. Masewera ameneŵa amatchula malo amene asiyapo ndipo amawathandiza kuti apitirize kuwonjezeka. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa kubuka kwa Ebola mu 2014, madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo anasintha njira zawo zothandizira kuti aonere ndi kudzipatula pa mabwalo a ndege ndi m’zipatala.

Kulankhulana

Panthaŵi ya ngozi ya zaumoyo wa anthu, kulankhulana komveka bwino ndiponso kwapanthaŵi yake n’kovuta. Maboma akumalo amagwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri kufalitsa chidziŵitso, kuphatikizapo kufalitsa nkhani zoulutsira nkhani, zilengezo za ntchito ya onse, kubwezera mafoni 911, ndi misonkhano ya anthu. Amagwira ntchito ndi atolankhani a m'dzikolo kutsimikizira kuti nkhani zolondola ndi zotsutsana ndi . Madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito opatulira mauthenga operekedwa oyenera, a zinenero zambiri, ndi osavuta kwa anthu opunduka.

Njira zothandiza zolankhulirana panthaŵi ya ngozi zimaphatikizapo izi:

Kuti musamasokonezeke, muyenera kukonza webusaiti ya anthu onse yothandiza anthu kupeza zinthu zofunika pamoyo
Kukonza zinthu nthaŵi zonse pa nkhani za m’mitsempha, njira zotetezera, ndi kupezeka kwa ziŵiya
Kugwiritsira ntchito amithenga odalirika a chitaganya, onga ngati atsogoleri achipembedzo, atsogoleri a m’chitaganya, ndi oulutsa nkhani a mafuko
Kuthandiza anthu osavuta kudwala mwa kuwapitira ku malo ochitirako katemera, kuphatikizapo kukaona anthu kunyumba ndi kuwathandiza kunyamula zombo
Kufufuza mphekesera ndi nkhani zabodza pa wailesi yakanema ndi kulangiza mwamsanga

Mliri wa Chovid ndi19 unasonyeza zonse ziŵiri mphamvu ndi kulephera kwa kulankhulana kwadzidzidzi kwa kumaloko. Maboma ena mwamsanga anayambitsa malo otentha a zinenero ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi mautumiki oyendera limodzi kuti afikitse anthu ku malo oyesera, pamene ena analimbana ndi kutumiza mauthenga kosagwirizana kuchokera ku boma ndi boma. Maphunziro akupitirizabe kupanga mabuku ophunzitsira kulankhulana osinthasintha.

Ntchito Yogwirizana ndi Mabungwe a Anthu

Boma la m'dzikolo silingathe kukambirana ndi anthu za thanzi. Umoyo wabwino umafuna kugwirizana kwambiri ndi mabungwe amene ali pangozi. Magulu osafuna phindu, magulu a zaumoyo, sukulu, mabizinesi, ndi mabungwe a anthu odziwa kuyendetsa bwino ntchito, zonsezo zimathandiza kuti anthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Ntchito yokonza zinthu imachitika m’njira zosiyanasiyana:

Malo athanzi otayika ndi zochitika zopimira: Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya m’chigawocho ingakhale ndi YMCA, tchalitchi, ndi chipatala cha magalimoto kuti ipereke macheke a mwazi aufulu, macheke a matenda a shuga, ndi uphungu wa chakudya.
Ndalama zogawiridwa kaamba ka maphunziro a zaumoyo: Zosapindulitsa zimene zimasumika pa makalasi aumoyo wa amayi zingaperekere limodzi makalasi a woyembekezera ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi kupereka mipando yaulere ya galimoto ku chilolezo cha boma.
Kubwezera kolinganiza pa mavuto a thanzi: Pomwe amwaza, maboma akumaloko amagwira ntchito ku malo operekera mankhwala omwerekera, maprogramu a jekeseni, ndi malamulo osungidwa kugaŵira naloxone ndi kugwirizanitsa anthu ku mautumiki ochiritsira.
Maprogramu a zaumoyo alemba ntchito: Madipatimenti a zaumoyo alemba antchito a zaumoyo a m'mudzi amene ali m'malo osasamalidwa kwambiri, kugwirizanitsa nzika ndi kutetezera, mautumiki a anthu, ndi kulembetsa inshuwalansi.

Mayanjano ameneŵa amapangidwa mwa kumvetsetsana, kugwirizana m'mapangano a ndalama, ndi kugwirizana. Chitsanzo cha bungwe la zachuma chikusonyeza kuti pamene magawo ambiri agwirizanitsa zoyesayesa zawo ndi mfundo zofanana, kuwongolera koyenera kwa thanzi la anthu kungafikidwe. Mwachitsanzo, "Healthy Cities" kuyesayesa, kochirikizidwa ndi World Health Organization, kulimbikitsa maboma akumaloko kutsogolera magulu a magulu osiyanasiyana amene akufotokoza zonse za kutetezeka kwa magalimoto kuchokera ku ku ku malo obiriŵira.

Kupereka Ndalama ndi Masheya Okhala m’Malo Osungira Zinthu

Kuyesayesa kwaumoyo kwa anthu kwaperekedwa kuntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ndalama za msonkho wakumaloko, boma ndi boma, ndi ndalama zothandizira ntchito. Ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zimasiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuyambitsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Makampani okhala ndi misonkho yaikulu angapereke ndalama zothandizira kuchipatala, pamene madera akumidzi ndi operewera amavutika kuti apeze mautumiki ofunika. Mliri wa CHOVID ndi19 unachititsa kuti aloŵetse ndalama za boma kudzera ku bungwe la ACARS Act ndi American Rerection Plan, koma madipatimenti ambiri a za zaumoyo akumalowa atha kukhazikitsa ndalama zimene zimalepheretsa kulowa ntchito, kukonza makompyuta, ndi kuchirikiza maprogramungwe okonza mapulogalamu.

Maboma akumalo amaperekanso ndalama kuchokera ku mabungwe onga Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Health Resources and Service Administration , ndi maziko aumwini. Zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimapatsa zokhala zofunika monga ] kuletsa nthenda ya matenda , [FLT]], [FLT] - salvene ndi mwana , kapena [[FLT:] kukonzekera . Pamene kuli kwakuti apereke ziŵitso zopitsira zopimira, iwo angapangenso mavuto pamene kulipirira nyengo zothandizira ndipo maprogramungwe ayenera kuleketsedwa kapena kubwerera kumbuyo.

Kusamalira Ubwino wa Thanzi

Thayo lofunika kwambiri la boma la kumaloko ndilo kutsimikizira kuti njira zaumoyo za anthu zifike kwa anthu onse, makamaka amene ali ndi zopinga zaumoyo. Zaumoyo zimatanthauza kuti aliyense ali ndi mwaŵi wathanzi ndi wachilungamo kuti apeze thanzi lake lapamwamba. Maboma a m'dzikolo ali ndi malo apadera oletsa thanzi la anthu. Nkhaŵa zaumoyo, malo kumene anthu amabadwira, amakhala, amaphunzira, amasewera, amaseŵera, amalambira, ndi a msinkhu.

Zitsanzo za kuyendera limodzi kwa maulamuliro a boma ndi izi:

Kukhazikitsa malamulo a malipiro ochepa ndi kulipirira matchuthi odwala kuti achepetse maupandu aumphaŵi
Kusunga nyumba zotsika mtengo ndi kutsogolera maprogramu a kugulitsa mankhwala otetezera ku kuloŵedwa ndi mtovu wa paubwana
Kupanga njira zotetezereka zopita kusukulu ndi kumaliza malamulo a m’misewu amene amalimbikitsa kuyenda ndi kukwera m’madera otsika olandirira anthu
Kuwonjezera machipatala odziŵa kulankhula ndi anthu ndi zipangizo zaumoyo
Kukulitsa njira zaufuko zochitira zinthu moyenera zimene zimapenda kusiyana kwa zotulukapo za thanzi ndi kugaŵira zinthu zofunikira

Kusiyana kwa zinthu ndi chipangizo n’kovuta kwambiri: mwa kupenda zotsatirapo za thanzi mwa fuko, fuko, ndalama, ndi malo, maboma a m’deralo angadziŵe magulu amene akusiyidwa ndi kupangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda ungapeze kuti chiŵerengero cha ana akuda a m’chipatala chachifuwa nchachikulu kuwirikiza katatu kuposa cha ana achiyera.

Tsogolo la Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Maboma akupitirizabe kusintha ndi kudalirana ndi ziwopsezo zatsopano zaumoyo ndi ziyembekezo za anthu awo. Zotsatirapo za kukonza zinthu ndi luso la zopangapanga zimaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa chidziŵitso ndi kupanga zosankha. Madipatimenti ambiri a zaumoyo tsopano amagwiritsira ntchito madongosolo a chidziŵitso cha malo (GIS) kujambula mabungwe a matenda, kuteteza, ndi kupeza chakudya chabwino. Makompyuta a zaumoyo ndi njira zogawira zinthu zamakono zimagaŵira pafupifupi chidziŵitso chenicheni cha nthaŵi pa maulendo a chipatala, madipatimenti oyendera zangozi, ndi malipoti a m'laboratorishi, kuti apeze mwamsanga kuphulika kwa matenda.

Mkhalidwe wina ndiwo kugogomezera kwambiri thanzi la maganizo monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu onse.

Kusintha kwa nyengo kumabweretsanso mavuto ena kwa anthu a m’madera otentha, nyengo yotentha kwambiri ndiponso kusintha kwa matenda ofalitsidwa ndi tizilombo kumafunika kuti maboma apange njira zokonzera nyengo kuti isawonongeke.

Chomalizira, pangano la anthu likusintha. Mmalo mwa kungodziŵitsa nzika za zigamulo zapamwamba, maboma ambiri akutengera njira zapadera zimene zimakhudza nzika poika zinthu zofunika kwambiri, popanga maprogramu, ndi popenda zotsatira zake. Mabungwe aunyinji a anthu, ajuli, ndi kusanthula kodziwitsa amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuti kuloŵerera kwaumoyo kwa anthu kumasonyeza zokumana nazo ndi makhalidwe abwino a anthu amene amatumikira.

Kumaliza

Maboma a m’maderawa ndi ofunika kwambiri pofunafuna anthu athanzi. Mwakusintha kwa malamulo, kupenda zaumoyo, maphunziro, kuchita zinthu modzidzimutsa, kugwirizana, ndi kudzipereka kutsatizana, amakambirana za thanzi la anthu amene amakhudza mwachindunji moyo wa anthu a m'dziko. Kugwira ntchito zimenezi kumadalira pa ndalama zokwanira, antchito aluso, kugwirizana kwamphamvu, ndi kugwirizana kwa nzika zodziŵa bwino za moyo. Mwa kumvetsa mmene boma lawo limagwirira ntchito m'bwalo la zaumoyo, mamembala ake angachirikize chuma, kupanga nawo zigamulo, ndi kuthandiza chikhalidwe cha thanzi chimene chimapindulitsa aliyense. Mtsogolo mwa anthu onse ndi malo aumoyo, ndipo zochita zake masiku ano zidzaumba bwino anthu okhala ndi mibadwo yambiri imene ikudza.