Vuto Lopitirizabe la Zipululu za Chakudya mu Amereka Amakono

Zipululu za chakudya siziri kokha mipata ya mapu — zimaimira malo aakulu aunyinji m'madera akumidzi omwe amagamula zotulukapo za umoyo kwa mamiliyoni a Aamereka. Department of Agriculture (USDA) imalongosola chipululu cha chakudya kukhala thirakiti lotsika loŵerengeramo anthu kumene chiŵerengero chachikulu cha nzika zikukhala ndi moyo woposa kilomita imodzi kuchokera ku sitolo ku mizinda ya m’matauni kapena makilomita oposa khumi m'madera akumidzi. Kunja kwa Aamerekani ocheperapo mamiliyoni 39.5 tsopano amakhala m’madera oterowo, malinga ndi [[FLT: 0] chidziŵitso cha USDA [FLD:1]. Kusoŵa kumeneku kuyendetsa milingo ya chakudya cha matenda aakulu ndi mizere yaumphaŵi. Kusamalira zakudya kumafuna njira yogwirizana ndi njira ya kayendetsekedzana, kachitidwe kamodzi, ndi kayendetsekedzana ka .

Chifukwa Chake Zipululu Zachakudya Zili Zochepa M’zakudya

Zakudya zokwana, zimatanthauza kuti munthu aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za ndalama, fuko, kapena malo, ali ndi ufulu wokwanira wa kupeza zakudya zotulutsa thanzi. Zipululu za chakudya zimawononga lamulo ili. M'madera ameneŵa, zakudya zochepa zimene zilipo n’zokhazokha m’masitolo a m’makona, m’malo osungiramo gasi, ndi m’zakudya zofulumira zimene zimasungidwa, zinthu zopangidwa bwino kwambiri za shuga, mchere, ndi mafuta osapatsa thanzi. Masamba aukhondo, zakudya, ndi mapuloteni operewera amasoŵa kapena kutsika mtengo.

Zotsatira zake n’zoopsa. Kufufuza kwa 2020 kofalitsidwa mu Affairs kunapeza kuti anthu okhala m’zipululu za chakudya ali ndi vuto lakunenepa kwambiri ndipo 40% ali pangozi yaikulu ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiŵiri poyerekeza ndi anthu amene ali ndi malo amene ali ndi masitolo aakulu. CDC yakhala ikudziŵa kwa nthaŵi yaitali [[ imene imachepetsa chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Mafuko a anthu akuda ndi Aspanic akuvutika kwambiri: pafupifupi 30% a mabanja a anthu akuda ndi 25% a Aspanishian amakhala m’zipululu, mpaka 16% za .

Kuloŵera kwa Chakudya ndi Matenda Osachiritsika

Pamene chakudya chopatsa thanzi sichipezeka, thupi limalipira mtengo. Matenda a mtima ogwirizana ndi matenda a — stroko, BP, kansa ina mu United States. M'madera akuchipululu, ziŵerengero zimenezi zimakwera kwambiri. Ana m'madera ameneŵa amakhala ndi kuchedwa kwa kukula kogwirizana ndi chakudya chochepa, ndipo achikulire amavutika ndi ufulu chifukwa cha kupunduka kwa zakudya. Mtengo wa zachuma ndi waukulunso: American Heart Association imayerekezera kuti chakudya chokhudza matenda aakulu chimafuna ndalama zoposa $1.1 biliyoni pachaka, kusamala ndi kusoŵa kwa thanzi.

Mkhalidwe Wachikhalidwe wa Boma: Mzera Woyamba wa Kulakwira

Mayiko ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zokonzanso malo a chakudya kudzera m'malamulo, kulinganiza, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu. Pa zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazi, mayiko ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo ongofuna kugwirizanitsa malo amene anthu apezapo ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Malamulo ameneŵa akulowa m'magulu angapo: zisonkhezero za ndalama, kuloŵerera m'zachuma, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu za m'mafakitale.

Amalonda Ankapereka Msonkho Komanso Ankapereka Msonkho

Chiŵiya chachindunji cha boma ndicho programu ya m'masitolo aakulu. Boma la New York linayambitsa njira imeneyi ndi njira yake ya United States Food & Healthy Community, imene imapatsa ngongole za msonkho, ngongole zotsika, ndi kupereka kwa ogulitsa zinthu ofunitsitsa kutsegula m'madera osungidwa. Chiyambire 2010, programu yathandiza kutsegula masupamaketi oposa 120 m’zipululu m'dzikolo. New York &squo; programu ya [1] Masitolo atsopano amafuna kuti masitolo atsopano alandire SNAP (zopereka zakudya) ndi mapindu a WiC, kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa anthu olandira zolandira zotsika.

California ’ California Healthy Food Finansing Initiatiative (CALFFI) imagwiranso ntchito mofananamo, kupereka $1 miliyoni imodzi m'ngongole ndi kupereka ndalama pa projekiti iliyonse ya masitolo, alimi ’ misika, ndi malo a chakudya okhala m'madera amene mulibe ndalama zokwanira. M'mayiko onse aŵiriwa, dongosolo la zachuma limeneli limachepetsa ngozi yaikulu kwa ogulitsa ndi kusonyeza kuti malonda a chakudya chatsopano angapeze ndalama zambiri m’madera osoŵa.

Kupereka Ndalama Zoyendetsera Magalimoto ndi Zakudya Zopatsa Anthu

Si chipululu chilichonse cha chakudya chimene chingachirikize masupamaketi okwanira nthaŵi yomweyo. Masitolo a Mobile — mabasi oyenda oyenda amene amaika njira zogulitsa zotulutsira ndi zakudya zabwino — kupereka mlatho wofeŵa. Michigan, mwachitsanzo, amagaŵira $5 miliyoni mu 2022 mu 202 kupyola m'makedzana ake a Food Accestion ndi Equity Fund kuchirikiza ntchito za msika m’madera akumidzi ndi m’tauni. Texas imayendetsa shanti ya Freaod Food Mobilecket Pilot , imene imayang'anira anthu a ku Rio Grande Valley kumene masitolo amakhala maola ambiri. Programual ndi alimi a m'dziko lakwawo kuti atulutse, kusungitsa mapindu a zachuma m'deralo.

Kupeza Zakudya M’masitolo ndi m’Malo Olima Am’matauni

Maboma angatulutsenso chakudya chakumeneko. Maryland anapanga Maryland Food System Resiliency Council, imene imapatsa mphatso maluwa a anthu, mafamu a m’mizinda, ndi okonza zakudya za m'magawo aang'ono a m'zipululu. Bungwe la Akhaunia &rsquoo; lipoti la 2023 linapereka chiwonjezeko cha 350% cha kutulutsa chakudya kuchokera ku mafamu a m’tauni ku Baltimoremore mokha. Mofananamo, Illinois inayambitsa Dothi la Urbalgrim Grant Program kuti ison, kuthire madzi, kuthirira, ndi kuphunzitsa anthu a ku Chicago ndi Kum'maŵa. Maprojective imachita zambiri kuposa kudyetsa anthu; imapangitsa ntchito zobiritsira, kuchepetsa chakudya, ndi kukonzanso kwa anthu.

Khalidwe la Anthu Akumaloko: Njira Zothetsera Mavuto a Anthu

Pamene maboma akhazikitsa malo, mizinda ndi magawo amawononga ntchito zambiri za panthaka. Maboma a m'malo angagwiritsire ntchito malamulo awo omanga malo, malamulo a zakugwiritsira ntchito nthaka, ndi ulamuliro wa kukonza zinthu kuti achotse zopinga ndi kupangitsa malo okhala kuti chakudya chikhale bwino.

Kulimbikitsa Ochita Zamalonda Opambanitsa

Mizinda yambiri ili ndi malamulo oletsa ntchito zamalonda m'madera osungirako, zimene zimachititsa kuti masitolo agulidwe kutseguka kumene kuli kofunika kwambiri. Kuyang'anira maofesi a makampani kukonzanso malamulo ameneŵa. Mwachitsanzo, Los Angeles, inakonzanso malo ake kuti alole kuti “ corner producty ” igwiritse ntchito m'madera a anthu otsika, ndipo ikumalola kuti atulutse sitolo yatsopano ya chakudya kuyambira miyezi 18. Detroit inapita ku magawo osakwanira asanu ndi mmodzi.

Makina Ogawira Chakudya ndi Makina Opangira Zakudya

Alimi amodzi otchedwa ’ msika amatumikira malo ochepa. Malo a chakudya — magawo apakati amene amagawa chakudya, ntchito, ndi kugaŵira zokolola za kumalo osiyanasiyana ku malo osiyanasiyana — Acan akutumikira madera aakulu. Alquerque ’ Alimentario Food , ochirikizidwa ndi ndalama za mzinda ndi malo achigawo, amagaŵira zakudya zatsopano ku masitolo 40 a sukulu, misika iŵiri ya m'magalimoto, ndi maprojekiti asanu otembenuzira malonda a m'makona. Malo alimi a m'chigawo a Alquierque &rsquo amagwirizanitsa ndi olanditsa katundu wotsika, kulanditsa, ndi kupereka kachinga kopereke kamodzi kamene kanga kabwino kamene ogulitsa sakhoza kukwaniritsa kokha.

Kusunga Malo Osinthira ndi Malamulo Abwino

M’zipululu zambiri, masitolo ang'onoang'ono a m’makona omwe amagulitsa machip, soda, ndi ndudu. Matauni angapo ayambitsa mapulogalamu otembenuza masitolo omwe amapereka chithandizo chaluso, ang'onoang'ono, ndi mafiriji aulere kuti asunge eni ake amene agwirizana kusungira zakudya zatsopano, zakudya zonse, ndi mkaka wamafuta ochepa. Philadelphia ’ Ma hyth Corner Store Netwoll asintha masitolo oposa 600 kuchokera mu 2010, kuwonjezera kupezeka kwa makampani 80% omwe ali ndi mbali zina. Programu ya pulogalamu ya zosungiramo katundu ndi chakudya, ikumasungabe kusungidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Njira Zothetsera Vutoli: Kusintha Kokhalitsa

Palibe lamulo lapamwamba lomwe likhoza kupambana popanda kugula malo akwawo. Maluso oyendetsera anthu a m'deralo anawapatsa mphamvu anthu a m'deralo kuti atenge malo awo a chakudya ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga njira zoyenerera ndi zokhalitsa zothetsera.

Minda ya M’mizinda ndi Mitengo Yongoyerekezera

Ku Louisville, Kentucky, New Roots Freed Stop Markets inapangidwa ndi anthu a ku West End, malo ambiri a Black okhala ndi masitolo osakwanira. Makampani ogwirizana a Secret Smaket Smarks khumi tsopano akuyendetsa nyengo iliyonse yomakula, kutulutsa mafamu oposa 40 a Black ndi kugulitsa ku mabanja 2,000. Oyang'anira angalipire pa mlingo wozembera kapena kugwiritsira ntchito SNAP. Fakitale yakhala ikusonyezedwa m’mizinda ina isanu. Chakudya cha makopolo omangidwa pa malamulo ofanana ndi a a mwini wake ndi a democracy ndi a boma zikutulukira ku Minneapolis, Rochester, ndi Oakland . Mapolisiwa amasunga ndalama m'maungwe a madera ndi kumanga a mizinda.

Maphunziro a Zakudya ndi Kuphunzitsa Ana

Maphunziro sangasiyanitse ndi kupezeka. Ngakhale pamene chakudya chatsopano chifika, nzika zina zimene sizinaphikepo ndi kale kapena botanut Squash zingazengereze kugula. Programu zimene zimaphunzitsa achichepere monga aphunzitsi ausinkhu wachiŵiri zimatseka mpata umenewu. Food Trust ’ Food Youth Health Memories programates ku New Jersey imaphunzitsa ophunzira a sukulu za sekondale kutsogolera kuphika maphriji m'midzi ya m’midzi mwawo, kukhazikitsa maluwa a sukulu, ndi kuchirikiza malamulo a zathanzi a sukulu athanzi. Akazembewo amasonkhanitsanso chidziŵitso cha kupezeka ndi magawo a projekiti a , kupatsa projekiti, kupatsa mphamvu, ndi kuwongolera ntchito zofunikira ndi zochirikiza chakudya mbadwo wa m'makolo.

Maprogramu a Zakudya Ophunzitsidwa Mwachikhalidwe

Kuthandizana kwa anthu ambiri, anthu ambiri a m'dera la Gulfan, chitaganya cha anthu, ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya mzinda wa Hawaii anapanga n'kulephera chifukwa chakuti amanyalanyaza zakudya zimene amakonda. Kuthandiza anthu a m’deralo kumalemekeza miyambo ya anthu pokulitsa chakudya. Ku Houston ’ kufupi ndi ku Gulfon, chitaganya cha anthu ambiri, kugwirizana pakati pa antchito a zaumoyo ndi dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya mzindawu, kukonzanso zakudya za ku Hawaii, zokhala ndi zakudya za anthu a ku Hawaii, zochokera ku madera ena. Ku , okonza chakudya cha ku maderawo kudzera ku [1] projekiti ya ku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mavuto Amene Akupitirirabe M’mayiko Ena

Ngakhale kuti pali umboni wosonyeza kuti dzikoli likuyenda bwino, likupita patsogolo, ndiponso likukhala m’dera lina, pali zinthu zina zimene zikulepheretsa anthu kumvetsa mfundo zimenezi.

Kupeza Malipiro ndi Kusoŵa Mphamvu kwa Ndale

Maprogramu ambiri a boma ndi a kumaloko amadalira pa kukonzanso kwa chaka ndi chaka kapena kupatsa nthaŵi imodzi. Pamene mavuto a bajeti kapena kusintha kwa utsogoleri wa ndale zadziko kuchitika, ndalama zingazimiririke. Mwachitsanzo, Food Accessition, inawona kuti ndalama zake za kulinganiza ndi 60% mkati mwa mliriwo umene ukusintha ngakhale kuti anthu akufunikira chithandizo cha chakudya. Madongosolo ochirikiza ndalama monga mitsinje ya msonkho yopatulidwa kapena kugwirizana kwa anthu onse n’ngosoŵabe. Federal Healthod Food Financing Initice imapereka ndalama zoyenerera, koma mabungwe a boma ali oyenerera kusoŵa.

Kukongoletsa ndi Kutsogolera

Kusintha zinthu kodabwitsa kukutsutsidwa ndi eni malo amene alipo ndi nzika zimene zimaopa magalimoto, phokoso, kapena kuchepa kwa chuma. M’mizinda ina, zoyesayesa zolola ulimi wa m’mizinda kapena masitolo ang'onoang'ono m'malo okhala anthu amagonjetsedwa ndi NIMBY (Sim' Mochedwa Wanga). Ngakhale pamene kusintha kwa malowo kudutsa, njira yolola ingakhalebe ya karbentine, makamaka kwa oyendetsa katundu waung'ono amene alibe chidziŵitso chalamulo.

Kulingana Malo ndi Kusankhana Makhalidwe

Zipululu za chakudya sizili malo obisika a malo; izo ziri chotulukapo cha zaka makumi ambiri za kusinthika, kutha kwa chakudya, ndi kuchotsa ufuko wa dziko. Kufufuza 2022 mu Journal ya Urban Health [ kumasonyeza kuti malo amene anaikidwamo mu 1930 ali othekerabe kukhala zipululu za chakudya lerolino. Boma ndi malamulo a kumaloko amene amanyalanyaza kuwopsa kwa mbiri yokha kuchiritsa zizindikiro pamene kuli kwakuti muzu wachititsa kusakhudzidwa. Malamulo okhutiritsa ayenera kuphatikizapo zingwe zosasintha zimene zimavulaza kwambiri anthu m'mbuyomu.

Kudziwa Zinthu ndi Kulimbana ndi Mavuto

Kutsimikizira kuti lamulo limachepetsadi zipululu za chakudya kumafuna chidziŵitso chodalirika, komabe mayiko ambiri alibe zipangizo zoyendera nthawi zonse kuŵerengera chakudya. The USDA’ Food Access Research Atlas imakonzedwa zaka zochepa zokha ndi kugwiritsira ntchito malo ozungulira. Atsogoleri a m'madera ambiri amadalira pa umboni wokhudza chakudya kapena kufufuza kwachidule. Kufufuza chakudya cha m'nthaŵi yeniyeni, cha kumaloko n’kofunikanso, koma kumafuna zipangizo zamakono zimene zingathe kupangitsa kuti midzi yambiri ya kampani ikhale yosunga ndalama.

Malangizo A M’tsogolo: Kuletsa Zakudya

Kuyang’ana kutsogolo, maboma ndi madera ena kungathandize kuti azitha kuchita zinthu mwanzeru komanso moganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kulinganiza Mabuku Onse a Zakudya Zopatsa Umoyo

Kupezeka kwa chakudya sikungakhudzidwe. Malamulo a boma monga New Mexico ’ Food Access and Nutrition Equity Act (2023) amafuna mabungwe onse a boma kuti alingalire za thanzi loyenera la anthu ndi malamulo awo, kuti akonzeretu za kuchuluka kwa ndalama.

Kukulitsa Thanzi Lomwe Likuyambitsa Matenda

Pambali pa zisonkhezero za m’masitolo aakulu, maboma angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama za Medicaid kuchirikiza maprogramu ochiritsa. M'maprogramu otero, madokotala “ mabotolo a zotulutsira zatsopano kwa odwala okhala ndi mikhalidwe yogwirizana ndi chakudya, ndi mapepala amadzazidwa pa masitolo a sitolo kapena alimi ’ misika yosatayika kwa wodwala. Washington, D.C, ndi Massachusetts adapanga chitsanzo chimenechi ndi zotulukapo zolimbikitsa: otengapo mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa mwazi ndi Hab1c m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kuwonjezera maluso a mankhwala kupangitsa olandira olandira chakudya onse okhala ndi miyezo ya m’zilombo ku Midid.

Kulimbitsa Kachilombo ka Chakudya Chakumene Tikukhala

COVID-19 inavumbula kuchepa kwa zakudya za dziko. Mayiko ayenera kuikiza ndalama m'mafamu a m'chigawo, m'malo ozizira, ndi m'zopereka zimene zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito ponse paŵiri m’matauni ndi m’midzi. Michigan Local Food Council Network ’ kulinganiza kwa dongosolo la chakudya m'dziko lonse, limene lingatulutse chakudya kuchokera ku mafamu mazana ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakati, kupereka chitsanzo chofanana ndi . Mwa kuchepetsa unyolo, minda imeneyi ingachepetse mitengo ndi kuwonjezereka ngakhale m'madera akutali kwambiri.

Kumanga Mphamvu ya M’chitaganya ndi Gawo la Covernement

Malamulo ogwira mtima kwambiri apangidwa ndi ndi anthu okhudzidwa, osati a [FLT] a . Mizinda ingapo yayamba kukhazikitsa makhonsati a chakudya cha Food Equity opangidwa kuchokera kumadera akuda, mapulani a mzinda, akuluakulu a zaumoyo, ndi atsogoleri a zamalonda. Oregon, adapanga mgwirizano wa Community Food Assessssssss (ayenera kuvomereza kapena kukana maseŵero a chakudya m'madera awo. Pamene anthu apanga zigamu zamphamvu, malamulo ayamba kuvomereza ndi kuvomereza kwambiri ntchito zandale.

Kuchotsa zipululu za chakudya ndi kupeza chakudya chabwino sikudzachitika tsiku limodzi. Koma zida za polisi zilipo, ndipo zitsanzo za chipambano zikuwonjezereka. Nyumba za malamulo za boma zingapereke ndalama zoyenerera ndi kutumiza zisonkhezero. Mabungwe a Mzinda angalembenso malamulo okonza ndi kuchirikiza misika ya m'magalimoto. Mabungwe a m'dera angamamanga minda, apolisi, ndi a ausinkhu wa anzawo. Mlingo uliwonse umalimbitsa ena. Mtsogolo uliwonse kumene chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndicho ufulu wapadziko lonse, osati mwaŵi wa malo kapena ndalama, uli wokhoza kupezeka.