Kodi Electoral College Nchiyani Ndipo Nchifukwa Ninji Ilipo?

Pulezidenti wa United States sasankhidwa mwachindunji ndi voti ya dziko. Mmalomwake, zotsatira zake zimagamulidwa ndi Electoral College, kachitidwe kokhazikitsidwa m'Chigawo II cha U.S. ndi koyengedwa ndi Lamulo la 12 la Amereka. Pansi pa dongosolo lino, boma lililonse limalandira mavoti [[FLT:] a boma [[FLT:] opanga zinthu moyenerera anthu ake, ndipo wofuna kukhazikitsa mavoti ambiri a mavoti ameneŵa — tsopano 270 kuchokera pa 538 — kuti apambane pa Price.

Kupezedwa kwa Abambo kunapanga Electoral College monga kulolera pakati pa kusanthula pulezidenti ndi kusanthula m'voti yotchuka. Iwo anali ndi nkhaŵa ya kupereka mphamvu zambiri kwa Congress, zimene zingatsogolere ku chiphuphu, ndipo anada nkhaŵanso kuti osankha m'dziko lalikulu, losiyanasiyana, sangakhale ndi chidziŵitso chokwanira ponena za ofunsira kuchokera ku maiko akutali kupanga chosankha cha chidziŵitso. Oyang'anira adalingaliridwa kukhala odziŵa bwino amene adzagwiritsira ntchito chiweruzo chodziimira paokha. Komabe, mkupita kwanthaŵi, dongosololo linasinthira ku chimene chili: kupambana kwa njira yonse m'maiko ambiri kumene Eunitsitsa nthaŵi zambiri samapanga chivoti cha osankhidwa mogwirizana ndi voti yotchuka m'dziko lawo.

Mmene Ntchito Zausilikali Zimagawidwira ku Boma Lililonse

Chiwonkhetso chonse cha mavoti a voti ncha 538. Nambala imeneyi imafanana ndi chiwonkhetso chophatikizidwa cha oimira a United States, 100 U.S.S. Sators, ndi 3 Oyang'anira Chigawo cha Columbia (kuchokera ku Demplete ya 23, imene inapereka D.C. kuimira kwa pulezidenti). Chigawo chilichonse cha boma chimagamulidwa ndi anthu ake monga momwe zasimbidwira mu deccondation U.S. Centre.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fomula

Boma lililonse limalandira mavoti aŵiri a osankhidwa a ma Oweruza ake aŵiri, limodzinso ndi chiŵerengero chosiyana cha mavoti osankhidwa ofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha madera a Nyumba amene lili. Zigawo za nyumba zimatuta zaka khumi zilizonse zozikidwa pa kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo:

  • California, boma lokhala ndi anthu ochuluka koposa, lili ndi zigawo 52 za Nyumba ndi 2 Senator = 54 voti zosankhidwa.
  • Wyoming, boma lopanda anthu ambiri, lili ndi chigawo chimodzi cha Nyumba ndi 2 Senator = 3 voti zosankhidwa.
  • Texts ili ndi zigawo 38 za Nyumba ndi 2 Senator = 40 voti.

Chifukwa chakuti boma lirilonse limayamba ndi mavoti aŵiri osankhidwa mosasamala kanthu za chiŵerengero cha anthu, maboma aang’ono ali ndi chisonkhezero chosayerekezereka pang’ono chogwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu awo. Wovota mu Wyoming ali ndi mphamvu ya voti yoŵirikiza katatu ya wovota mu California pamene akuyesedwa ndi voti ya sankho la sankho pa munthu aliyense.

Chigawo cha Columbia

Washington, D.C., si boma koma amagaŵiridwa mavoti 3 osankhidwa pansi pa 23 Demendment. Zimenezi zimapatsa D.C. chiŵerengero chimodzimodzi cha mavoti a voti monga boma la anthu ochepa, ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu ake nchachikulu kuposa maiko ambiri. D.C. sichingakhale ndi mavoti ambiri kuposa boma la anthu ambiri, ngakhale kuli tero, ilo limakhalabe ndi 3.

Wam’tsogolo Amatenga Njira Zonse

Mu 48 maboma ndi D.C., wosankha amene amapambana mavoti otchuka kwambiri m’boma limenelo amalandira onse a mavoti a boma amenewo. Izi ndi "aingwe amwambo-all" njira. Siiloledwa ndi U.S. Constitution; ilo limasankha njira imeneyi kumayambiriro kwa ma 1800 monga njira yosonyezera chisonkhezero chawo m'chosankha. Chiyambukiro nchakuti wofuna kupambana chivoti ndi chigawo chochepa — kunena 51% mpaka 49% — ndipo mpaka mpaka pano, amapangabe 100% ya mavoti ake osankhidwa.

Zochokera Kunja: Maine ndi Nebraska

Maine ndi Nebraska amagwiritsira ntchito njira yosiyana yotchedwa njira ya chigawo chimodzi ndi chimodzi. M'mayiko aŵiri ameneŵa, wopambana wa voti yotchuka ya boma alandira mavoti aŵiri (aŵiri a Senators). Wopambana wa voti yotchuka m'chigawo chilichonse apeza chisankho chimodzi cha chisankho. Dongosolo limeneli limatanthauza kuti mavoti osankhidwa angagawidwe pakati pa osankhidwa m'boma limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2020, Joe Biden anapata voti ya dziko lonse mu Maine ndi kupataniyo, pamene Donald Trump anapambana chigawo chachiŵiri cha Boma. Donald Trump anapata chigawo cha Bimp kugawanitsa Bhovern ndi Bromes.

Njira Yofikira 270: Mmene Mtsogoleri wa Candidate Apezera Wotsogolera

Wosankhayo afunikira mavoti a voti 270 — unyinji wa 538 wa chiwonkhetso cha Prezidenti . Njira ya mkupiti imamangidwa kotheratu pa nambala imeneyi. Maboma otetezereka (awo a Démocracy kapena Republican) amasumika chuma chawo pa "maiko akung'ana" kapena "maboma a Battlerlatest" — amatchula kumene zotulukapo sizikutsimikizirika ndi kumene kampani yaing'ono ya kuchirikiza voti ikhoza kuchotsapo mavoti onse a boma. Maboma otetezereka (awo a maofesi a Democratic Republican) salandira chisamaliro chokwanira.

Chifukwa Chake Nkhani 270

Chosankha 270 chimatanthauza kuti wobatizidwa angapambane paudindo popanda kupambana mavoti a dzikolo. Zimenezi zachitika kasanu m'mbiri ya United States, posachedwapa mu 2016 (Donal Trump adapata mavoti 304 kwa Hillary Clinton's 227, pamene Clinton anapambana chivoti chotchuka ndi pafupifupi 3 miliyoni ya mavoti a dzikolo) ndipo mu 2000 (Géorge W. Bush anapata mavoti 271 a Al Gore's 266, pamene Gore anapambana voti yotchuka ndi mavoti pafupifupi 5400,000). Mbali imeneyi ya Elctoral College ndi imodzi mwa mbali zake zotsutsana kwambiri ndipo yachititsa kutsutsana kope la chisinthiko.

Nthaŵi Yosankha: Kuyambira November Kufikira January

Kusankha pulezidenti kumayamba kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo Electoral College ili pakati pa masitepe aakulu angapo.

Mfundo 1: Chisankho Chachikulu — Lachiwiri Loyamba Lolemba Loyamba mu November

Pa Tsiku la Chisankho, ovota m'boma lirilonse amaponya mapepala ofunsira pulezidenti wawo okondedwa. Pamene muvotera kaamba ka wosankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti, inu kwenikweni muli chisankho cha [[FLT: 0] chikalata cha Erector [1] amene adalonjeza kuchirikiza wobatizidwayo. Maina a Erecter angaonekere kapena sangaonekere pa ofunsira kudalira pa lamulo la boma. M’zochitika, ovotawo amaona maina a pulezidenti ndi a pulezidenti.

Sitepe 2: Vote Yotchuka Imadziŵikitsa Opereka Chisamaliro

Pambuyo pa kuŵerengedwa kwa mavoti (mchitidwe umene ungatenge masiku kapena milungu kudalira pa makalata ndi mafuko oyandikana), bwanamkubwa aliyense wa boma amagwirizanitsa zotulukapo. M'kutenga maiko onse, wosankha amene amapambana mavoti ochuluka m'bomalo amasankha Opereka Chikalata a boma. Operekawo ali odalirika a gulu, osankhidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma, kapena ochirikiza osankhidwa ndi gulu la boma.

Mfundo 3: Malektor Vote — Lolemba Loyamba Pambuyo pa Lachitatu Lachiŵiri mu December

Patsikuli, Oyang’anira akumana mu kapitol ya boma iliyonse (ndi mu D.C.) kuti aponya mapepala awo — limodzi la Pulezidenti ndi limodzi la Pulezidenti wa Bungwe . Amasaina zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi za chivoti, zimene zimatumizidwa kwa Pulezidenti wa Residentia (monga Pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo), National Archives, mlembi wa boma, ndi khoti la boma. M'mayiko ena, muli malamulo ofuna kuti ALEMBIRI a kutsati a voti yotchuka, ndi "Oweruza opanda chikhulupiriro" amene angayang'anena kapena kubwezeretsa. U. S. Court Supment inatsimikizira mu 2020 kuti ikunena kuti apereke ndi kuchotsa osankhidwa opanda chikhulupiriro.

Sitepe 4: Nyumba za Malamulo Zimaŵerengera Mabuku — January 6

Pa January 6 pambuyo pa chisankho, msonkhano wa Congress ukumana 1 p.m. Pulezidenti wa Malamulo, monga Pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo, amayang'anira kuŵerengera. Mavoti amatsegulidwa ndi kuŵerengedwa mokweza m'dongosolo la maboma. Kutsutsa kulikonse kwa mavoti a boma kuyenera kuchitidwa polemba ndi kusainidwa ndi chiŵalo chimodzi cha Nyumba ndi Senator. Zikalata zimatsutsana ndi kusankhidwa ndi chipinda chilichonse. Mapale aŵiriwa ayenera kuvomerezana kuti apitirize kutsutsa kuti chipambane. Zimenezi zinali kuukira kwa January 6, 201, chigamulo cha U. Capitol.

Sitepe 5: Wopambana Atsimikiziridwa

Atamaliza kuwerenga, Pulezidenti wa bungweli akulengeza kuti wopambanayo ndiye wopambana ndipo pulezidentiyo ndiye amene wapambana pa chisankhocho mwalamulo.

Kodi Chimachitika N’chiyani Ngati Palibe Mtengo Wogawana Zinthu Ufika 270?

Ngati palibe wosankha amene alandira mavoti osachepera 270 osankhidwa, chisankhocho chimagamulidwa ndi U.S. Nyumba ya Oimira m'kachitidwe kotchedwa "chosankha chogwirizana" chochitika chimenechi chachitika kaŵiri m'mbiri ya U.S.: mu 1800 (zimene zinatsogolera ku Kusintha kwa 12) ndi 1824 (pamene John Quncic Adams anasankhidwa ndi Nyumba).

Mmene Kusankha Kochititsa Chidwi Kumagwirira Ntchito

  • Nyumbayo imasankha pulezidenti kwa anthu atatu opita patsogolo amene akufuna kulowa m’dzikolo mwa kuvota kopambana.
  • Nthumwi iliyonse ya boma imalandira voti limodzi, mosasamala kanthu za chiŵerengero cha Oimira amene ili nawo, ndipo zimenezi zimapereka mphamvu yaikulu ya maboma aang’ono.
  • Wopita ku chiŵembu amafunikira nthumwi zambiri za boma (panthaŵi ino 26 mwa 50) kuti apambane.
  • Bungwe la Senate limasankha Pulezidenti Wachiŵiri aliyense payekha, ndi Mkulu wa oweruza aliyense akupeza chivoti chimodzi.
  • Ngati Nyumbayo singathe kusankha pa Tsiku la Kupeputsa (January 20), Pulezidenti Waudindoyo amakhala Wochitapo Kanthu Pazaukulu kufikira Nyumbayo itafika pachigamulo.

Kuthekera kwa chisankho cha bungwe la kaundula kwafotokozedwa m’zaka zaposachedwapa pamene opita kugawo lachitatu awopseza kukoka mavoti ndi kuletsa wosankha aliyense kufika 270. Mzera wa masankho 2024 wadzutsanso chikondwerero m'nkhani imeneyi yogaŵidwa mogaŵikana kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa College: Chigwirizano cha National Interstate

Chimodzi cha zikalata zotchuka kwambiri zosintha zinthu ndicho National Popular Vote Interstate Community (NPVIC) . Izi ndi kugwirizana pakati pa maboma kubwezera mavoti awo onse osankhidwa kwa wopambana pa chisankho chotchuka cha dzikolo, mosasamala kanthu za amene anapambana m'dziko lililonse. Maboma onse pamodzi ndi mavoti osachepera 270 agwirizana. Monga 2024, akuimira 205 mavoti 205 osankhidwa agwirizana ndi chisankhoti, chikusiya icho chivoti cha 65 chosankhidwa chisagwira ntchito.

Ochirikiza anena kuti bungwelo likatsimikizira kuti voti lirilonse likhale lofanana m'dziko lonse ndi kuti wosankha amene apambana mavoti ochuluka m'dziko lonselo akhale Prezidenti. Otsutsa atsutsa kuti ikhoza kufooketsa cholinga cha Oyambitsa, kuchepetsa chisonkhezero cha maboma aang'ono, ndi kusumika maganizo pa mizinda yaikulu.

Masinthidwe ena olingaliridwa amaphatikizapo kuchotsa Electoral College kotheratu kupyolera mwa kukonzanso kochitidwa ndi lamulo (kumene kumafuna kutchuka kwa magawo aŵiri m’nyumba zonse ziŵiri za Congress ndi kugonja ndi makhoma atatu mwa anayi a makhonsati a boma), kuvomereza njira ya chigawo ya msonkhano m’dziko lonselo, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito kuvota kokhala ndi lamulo kutsimikizira kuti wopambanayo ali ndi chichirikizo chachikulu.

Zoona Zawo ndi Zokhulupirira Zolakwika

Nthanthi: Vote Yotchuka Imatsimikizira Wopambanayo

Ovota ambiri amakhulupirira kuti wosankha amene apambana mavoti ambiri m'dziko lonselo amakhala Pulezidenti. Zimenezi si zolondola. Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma 48 ndi D.C. amamanga Erecters ku voti yotchuka m’boma lawo, palibe chivoti cha dziko chimene chimapangitsa zotsatira zake. Wopambanayo ndi amene amasankha mavoti 270.

Nthanthi: Openda Mabuku Nthaŵi Zonse Amatulutsa Mawu Oyembekezereka

Ofufuza ambiri ali okhulupirika kwa osankhidwa awo olonjezedwa, koma "Osankha opanda chikhulupiriro" amachitika. Mu 2016, Osankha asanu ndi aŵiri osankhidwa kaamba ka oyembekezera kuposa amene adalonjezedwa kuchirikiza. Maiko ena ali ndi malamulo akuti mavoti opanda chikhulupiriro, ndipo Bwalo Lapamwamba lachirikiza kumamatira kwa malamulo a malamulo oterowo. Komabe, osankhidwa opanda chikhulupiriro sanasinthepo chotulukapo cha chisankho cha prezidenti.

Nthanthi: Kholiji ya Electoral Ndimalo

Electoral College si malo enieni. Ndi njira. Oyang'anira amakumana m'mabungwe awo a boma, osati m’nyumba imodzi ku Washington, D.C. Liwu lakuti "College" limaimira gulu la Erecters logwirira ntchito pamodzi, monga "College of Cardinal" amasankha papa.

Tsogolo la College ya Electoral

Electoral College idakali imodzi ya mbali zimene anthu amatsutsana kwambiri ndi boma la America. Oteteza maderawo amanena kuti amateteza mayiko aang'ono ndi akumidzi, amalimbikitsa kumanga madera osiyanasiyana, ndipo amakhazikitsa bata mwa kufuna kuti dziko lonse likhale lothandiza. Otsutsa amanena kuti dzikoli silikudalira kwambiri mayiko, limaletsa kuvota m’mayiko otetezeka, ndipo n’losavuta kuligwiritsa ntchito pokonza zigawo za chigawo za mabungwe monga Maine ndi Nebraska.

Kufufuza kwa anthu ambiri kumasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri a ku America amakonda kulowa m’malo a Electoral College ndi voti yotchuka. Komabe, kuchepetsa malamulo n’kovuta kwambiri, ndipo mayiko amene akupindula ndi dongosolo lamakonoli, makamaka mayiko aang’ono omwe ali ndi anthu ochepa, safuna kusintha. Bungwe la National Popular Vote Intertate Community ndilo lidakali njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera mavuto a boma komanso yolimbana ndi maboma.

Osamuka

  • Electoral College iri ndi mavoti onse 538; 270 akufunika kuti apambane.
  • Boma lililonse limavota mavoti osankhidwa mofanana ndi chiŵerengero cha zigawo zake za Nyumba ndi Abusa aŵiri; D.C. amapeza 3.
  • 48 maboma ndi D.C. gwiritsirani ntchito matape a chipambano; Maine ndi Nebraska akugwiritsira ntchito njira ya chigawo ya cornional.
  • Wosankha kulowa ufumuwo angapambane popanda kupambana pa voti yotchuka ya dzikolo.
  • Ngati palibe woyembekezera kupambana amene afika 270, Nyumba ya Oimira imasankha wopambanayo.
  • Chinyengo cha Elector kapena "osandutsa osakhulupirira" n’chachikulu ndipo n’kosachitika kaŵirikaŵiri kuti zinthu zisinthe.
  • Kusintha zinthu kumaphatikizapo kukonzanso malamulo a boma.

Kumvetsa Eslectoral College n’kofunika kwambiri kuti mumvetse bwino nkhani ya masankho a pulezidenti wa ku America. Ngakhale kuti dongosololi lingaoneke ngati losokoneza kapena lopanda chilungamo, ndi njira imene yasankha chisankho chilichonse cha pulezidenti kwa zaka zoposa 200. Kaya mukugwirizana ndi chisankhocho kapena mufuna kuchiona chikusintha, mukudziwa mmene chikugwirira ntchito, ndiponso mmene chingakuthandizireni — kukupatsani mphamvu monga wosankha ndi nzika.

Kuti muŵerenge zambiri, fufuzani ziŵiya za boma kuchokera ku U.S. National Archives pa Electoral College , USUSA. Gov Electoral College infience , [[FLT]] , Factal Evolution Commission , ndi [[FLT:] CENUS'S formation's data yogawanya za Bureaust .]