Chisinthiko cha Gulu la Japan: Kuchoka pa Kutchuka Kufikira pa Mpikisano Wamphamvu

Magulu a zipani a Japan asintha kwambiri kuyambira kumayambiriro a zaka za zana la 20, kuchoka pa malo a ulamuliro umodzi wokha kupita ku malo a madzi ambiri ndi mpikisano. Kumvetsetsa chisinthiko chimenechi kumapereka chidziŵitso cholondola cha mmene dziko la Japan layendera pandale, zachuma, ndi mavuto a chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kuchokera ku kutukuka kwa mwamsanga ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ulamuliro kukafika ku kuyambikanso kwa nkhondo, kuchepa kwa chuma, kutsika kwa anthu, ndi kutsendereza kwa dziko lonse. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mbali zazikulu, zochitika zazikulu, ndi kukhalitsa kwa mavuto zimene zasintha kagulu kamakono ka Japan.

Kumayambiriro kwa Zaka za zana la 20: Maziko a Chipani cha Ndale Zandale

Kupangidwa kwa Gulu la Nkhondo Isanafike ndi Kubuka kwa Misasa Iŵiri Yaikulu

Kumayambiriro kwa ma 1900, kuyesa koyambirira kwa Japan ndi ndale za nyumba ya malamulo. Imperial Diet, yokhazikitsidwa mu 1890 pansi pa Malamulo a Meiji, pang’onopang’ono inaloŵa m'malo zipani zandale zolinganizidwa. Pofika m'ma 1910 ndi 1920, magulu aŵiri aakulu anatulukira: Rikken Seiyūkai [ [Mapangano a Bomalamulo] [Malamulo] [Malamulo] [Ayakena) ndi [FLT] RIKKEN [1] (Chonsigate]) (Chipani cha Democratic ). Maguluwa anaimira mgwirizano wa eni munda, maindalime, ndi akatswiri a mizinda. Saiūkia adakonda malonda ndi ankhondo aakulu, pamene ankhondo a kumbuyo kwa Minto.

Nyengo ino inakhala ndi kupita patsogolo kwa demokrase konga lamulo lachimuna lapadziko lonse la 1925, limene linafutukula magawo osankhidwa ndi okakamizidwa kuti apikisane ndi malo aakulu. Komabe, dongosololo linakhalabe losalimba. Magulu ankhondo, aphungu a boma, ndi genrō [ [Akulu] adatenga chisonkhezero chachikulu kunja kwa nyumba ya malamulo. Kumapeto kwa ma 1930, kuyambika kwa gulu lankhondo ndi utundu kuthetsedwa modzi kwa ndale zandale zochirikiza ufumu wa authorizimu. Maguluwo analoŵa mu Kulamulira kwa Komiti ya Mgwirizano [[FLTFL:3], ndi masankhoti otsa malonda a gulu loyamba ndi gulu la opikisana ndi chipani chankhondo la padziko lonse.

Kulandira Ntchito Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ndi Kubadwa kwa Chipani cha Democratic Chigwirizano cha Democratic

Pansi pa Kugwirizana kwa Occupation (1945-19952), Japan inatengera malamulo atsopano amene anagwirizanitsa ulamuliro wotchuka, mtendere, ndi ufulu wa anthu. Zipani zandale zinayambiranso mwachangu. Zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo zinali zosokonezeka: magulu ambiri opikisana ndi masankho, ndi maboma a magulu ena anali ofala. Komabe, pofika mu 1955, malo andale analoŵa m'zimene zinadziŵika monga System [[FFT:1]. Chaka chimenecho, LIBALACT" Parti (P) yogwirizana ndi chigawa cha chigawa cha chipani chotchedwa . Pamene chipani chachikulu chinakhazikitsa chipani cha chipani cha chipani cha Ibralve.

Udindo wa LDP sunali wangozi. Unagwirizana ndi kulinganiza kwa Nkhondo ya Mawu, kuchirikiza mwamphamvu kuchokera ku makampani akumidzi, mabizinesi (Keyretsu), ndi United States. Magulu a mkati mwa gululo, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri anali otsutsana, anathandiza kulolera ndi kusagwirizana mkati mwa hema. Kufikira kwa PLDP kwa madongosolo a zachikhalidwe ndi kufalikira kwa chuma cha boma [1] Kutsimikizira chipambano chachuma cha dziko kuyambira m'ma 1960 mpaka m'ma 1980. Kukwera kwa chuma kwa Japan kochititsanso kulimba kwa mphamvu ya LDP pa mphamvu.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu Kochitika Pambuyo pa Nthaka ya 1960: Kubweranso kwa Dyss Multpolar System

Mapwando Otsutsa Ayamba Kukula

Mkati mwa ma 1960 ndi 1970, ukulu wa LDP unayesedwa mobwerezabwereza koma sunasweke. Chipani cha Socialist cha Japanian Socialist Party chinakhalabe gulu lalikulu lotsutsa, koma magaŵano ake a malingaliro owonjezereka ndi otsutsa kwambiri, adatulukira mu 1960 monga mphamvu yatsopano, yokopa mizinda ndi chipembedzo. Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu (Chipani Chachikulu) , chogwirizana ndi gulu la Abuda Sōka Gake Cai, chinatulukira mu 1960 monga mphamvu yatsopano, yokopa anthu a m’mizinda ndi achipembedzo. Chipani chachikomyunizimu (CPPF: FFF: FM)

Pofika m'ma 1970, LDP sinalinso kunyalanyaza ambiri. Pa masankho onga 1976 ndi 1979, chipanicho chinalimbana kuti chisaloŵe m'Nyumba ya Oimira, kufuna kugwirizana ndi anthu odziimira okha ndi anzawo ang'onoang'ono. Komabe nkhondo za m'dziko, maupandu (monga kuperekera ziphuphu), ndi kusakhutira kwa anthu sikunathetseretu ulamuliro wa LDP. Chitsutso, chogawanika ndi chosakhwimitsa, sichingagwirizanitse boma.

Ma 1980: LDP Resilience Antient Extine Power

Ma 1980 inali nyengo yachitukuko cha LDP. Pansi pa atsogoleri a boma monga Yasuhiro Nakasone, chipanichi chinatsatira msanganizo wa kugaŵa (kuphatikizapo kutha kwa Japan National Railways) ndi malamulo achilendo otsimikiza, kugwirizana ndi United States. Kukula kwa zachuma, kodziŵika monga chuma, kunayambitsa lingaliro la kulemera kwa dziko limene linawonjezera kuchonderera kwa LDP. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, magulu otsutsa analimbana ndi: JSP anaona kugawana kwake, pamene Kōmeitō anayesa kukulitsa maziko ake kupyola Sōkakkakacau. Kuyesa kupanga bungwe laling'onong'ono monga New Liber Club kumapeto kwa 1970.

1990: Kusintha Kwakukulu kwa Ndale Zadziko

Vuto, Chilango, ndi Kutha kwa Dongosolo la 1955

Ma 1990 anasintha kwambiri. Mapeto a Nkhondo ya Mawu inasintha mphamvu zandale za dziko lonse, koma mavuto a m'banja a Japan ndiwo anali chiyambi cha mwamsanga. Kuphulika kwa mavuto a zachuma mu 1990-19991 kunayambitsa vuto la kutsika kwa chuma, lomwe linkadziwika kuti Zaka Zotaika, limene linawononga chikhulupiriro cha anthu mwa oyang’anira LDP. Maupandu ambiri ochititsa ziphuphu [1] makamaka Recruit ndi Sagawabin Kyūrther zinawononga chipanicho. Mu 1993, gulu la anthu a LDDRYP Dieties lomwe linatsogoleredwa ndi Moriro Howa ndi Irōwa Ozawa anapatuka kukhala magulu atsopano, kuyambitsa kugwetsa kwa gulu la anthu ambiri.

Chisankho chachisawawa cha 1993 chinatha. LDP inataya unyinji wake woyamba kuyambira 1955. Boma logwirizana la magulu asanu ndi atatu otsutsa [1] kuphatikizapo Chipani Chatsopano cha Japan, , Japan Renouneal Party [, , [[FLT]], [[FLT]] [[3], [[FLT] [IT] [I] Yapansilt , [I] Japan] Japan Reuneral Party [[PT] [inali] [imene kale] [JSP]) adatenga mphamvu pansi pa Nduna Hofuna. Ngakhale kuti mgwirizano umenewu unali wachidule (miyezi 11 yokha], zinasonyeza kuti maulamuliro ena a ndalensi (FLT.)

Kusintha kwa Madongosolo a Zinthu ndi Zotsatira Zake

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ma 1990 kunali kuyambitsidwa kwa dongosolo la ophatikizapo ziŵalo zotchuka (MMM) losankhira Nyumba ya Oimira . Kuloŵa mmalo madera akale a mbali zambiri, dongosololi limaphatikiza madera amodzi (SMDs) ndi magalasi oimira (PR). Cholinga chinali kulimbikitsa dongosolo la mbali ziŵiri ndi kuchepetsako. Komabe, zotsatira zake zinali kufulumiza kulinganiza kwa gulu m’malo mwa kukhazikitsa chigawo cha Bipartism. Mabupiki anagalamu ogaŵanizidwa ndi kugwirizanitsidwa mofulumira.

Chipani cha Democratic cha Japan (DPJ) [FLT ] chinapangidwa mu 1998 (kuphatikiza zigawo zazing'ono zingapo) ndipo chinakula kukhala chopinga chachikulu ku LDP. LDP ilo, pansi pa nduna za nduna zapamwamba monga Ryutahimoto ndi Yoshiro Mori, analimbana kuti asunge conhesion . Komabe LDP inakhoza kubwerera ku ulamuliro mu 1994 mwa kupanga chipani ndi [[FLT:] Socianst Party (tsopano] (tsopano Kagulu kagulu ka anthu a Democratic Party) ndi kagulu kochepa. Kagulu kameneka kanasunga LDP koma kawo.

Chizindikiro cha 2009: DPJ Ayamba Kulamulira

Nthaŵi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya 1990s-eragement inafika osati m’zaka khumizo koma mu 2009. DPJ, yotsogozedwa ndi Yukio Hatoyama, inapambana pa chilakiko cha dziko m'Nyumba ya Oimira Osankhidwa, kutha kwa LDP yosatha. DPJ inalonjeza kukhazikitsanso boma la ndalama zowonongera mabanja mmalo mwa mabungwe, kuchepetsa mphamvu za mabureaucracy, ndi kugwirizananso ndi United States. Komabe, DPJ’s 10 (209,2012) inavutika ndi nkhondo yapansi yapakati, malamulo olakwika (makamakamaka ponena za chigawo cha Fuma cha m'mlengalenga ku Okinawa), ndi kusakaza kwa 2011 Tōku, tsunami, ndi Fkuya . Gulu la nyuki la nyukn'ss.

Zaka za Zana la 21: Dongosolo Lopikisana Koma Losakhazikika

LDP Resurgical ndi Abe Era

Mu chisankho cha mu 2012, LDP pansi pa Shinzō Abe inabwerera ku ulamuliro ndi chipambano chachikulu, makamaka chifukwa cha kusakhutira ndi DPJ ndi chitsutso chogaŵanika. Chikalata cha Alebe cha liŵiro (2021-20) chokhazikika cha LDP. “Abenomics . malamulo ake . "Malamulo a“ Abenomics" ndi "kuphatikizana kwa kuchepetsa ndalama, kulimbikitsa, ndi kusintha kwa nyumba, ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale kunawonjezera kukula, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake zinakhala zaka zambiri zinakangana. Abe anatsatiranso lamulo lachitetezo, kumasuliranso mfundo ya malamulo a malamulo a Chilatso 9, ndi kugwirizana ndi mayanjano a United States ndi maufumu ena a demokrase.

Pansi pa Abe, LDP inasangalala ndi maulamuliro abwino, koma dongosolo la chipani silinabwerere ku chitsanzo chakale cha 1955. Chitsutso chinatsala chogaŵikana. DPJ reconstitute yokha pansi pa maina angapo ([[[FLT: 0] Democratic Party[[FL:1]], [[FLT:]]]] Chigawo cha chiyembekezo [[[FOLT:] [[FUT]] [[FUP]]] [D [D]], [FUP], linakhazikitsa chipani chachikulu cha Democratic Republica cha Japan [[FT:]), koma linagwirizana ndi gulu lachikulu lachiko. [[12] [FUP] [FUT].[10] Ogwirizana ndi anthu ena odalirika: [FUP]

Maziko Opangika Atsopano

Pa 2025, dongosolo la zipani la Japan nlogaŵikana kwambiri kuposa m’zaka za zana la 20. LDP-Kōmeitō imapitirizabe kulamulira, koma maziko ake akuthandiza kukucheperachepera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, kumidzi, ndi kutha kwa kudalirana kwa achichepere. CDP, Nippon Ishin Non Kaii (Chipani cha Japan cha Kuthetsa Chilango), ndi magulu ena aang'ono opikisana ndi olimbana ndi kutsutsa OLDP, koma kaŵirikaŵiri amasiyana pa malamulo a zachuma, kukonzanso malamulo a m'dziko, ndi nkhani zachilendo. Pakali pano palibe gulu lotsutsa lakale lomwe lakhoza kupereka chithunzi chogwirizana ndi chosonkhezera mtundu., kuvotako kwakhala kotsika, makamaka pakati pa achichepere, kumene kumachirikiza kupindula kwa PLD.

Nkhani Zazikulu Zotsutsa Chipani

Zipani zamakono zandale za ku Japan zimafotokozedwa ndi nkhani zina zofunika kwambiri:

  • Kubwezeretsa kwa chuma : Mmene mungayambirenso kukula pambuyo pa zaka makumi ambiri za kuwonongedwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa chuma. LDP imagogomezera zisonkhezero za makampani ndi mapangano a malonda (monga, CPPPP, RCEP), pamene kuli kwakuti ochirikiza CDP kaamba ka misonkho yapamwamba pa olemera, kukwera kwa ndalama za anthu, ndi zoyenera za ntchito.
  • [[FLT: 0] Vuto la kuchuluka kwa anthu : Kukalamba kwa anthu a ku Japan ndi kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha kubala kumafuna kusintha kwa kusamuka, chisungiko cha anthu, ndi malamulo a banja. Paries sagwirizana pa liŵiro ndi muyeso wa kusamuka kwa anthu osankha aluso, pamene CDP ndi JCP imasonkhezera kugwirizanitsa kowonjezereka.
  • Kukonzanso kwa Quisituanial : LDP ndi Nippon Ishin kulibe kuchirikiza Kai kuchirikiza Mfundo 9 kuti adziŵe molunjika mphamvu yaumwini. CDP ndi JCP imatsutsa kukonzedwanso, kutsutsa kuti kukhoza kuchititsa gulu lankhondo kugwera.
  • Kulingana kwa Chingelezi [1]: Japan ali ndi ziŵerengero zotsika pa zilozero za mwamuna ndi mkazi. Magulu ena (CDP, Social Democrates) omenyera ufulu ndi malamulo oletsa kusokonezeka maganizo, pamene LDP yachedwa kuchitapo kanthu, ngakhale kuti maboma aposachedwapa akhazikitsa ziŵerengero za akazi m'matsogoleri.
  • Malamulo ndi chisungiko zachilendo [1]: LDP imalimbitsa mgwirizano wa U.S.-Japan ndi kukakamiza kaamba ka mbali yokangalika m'chitetezo cha chigawo. Zipani zotsutsa zimasiyana kuchokera ku kuchirikiza kosasamala kwa kugwirizana ndi malamulo a JCP.
  • Kusokonezeka ndi mkhalidwe wa dziko [1] : Post-Fukushima, mphamvu ya nyukliya idakali yogaŵanitsa kwambiri. LDP yachirikiza kuyambitsanso makina okhala ndi miyezo yodalirika kwambiri, pamene CDP ndi JCP imayanja kutsalira kwa mwamsanga ndi kutsatsa malonda aakulu.

Zomwe Zikuchitika Tsopano ndi Mtsogolo

Kupanda Chidaliro ndi Ndale Zofuna Kupeza Chibwenzi

Komiti ya voti ya Japan, ndi kusakaniza kwake zigawo chimodzi ndi kuimira kwake kwa chigawo chimodzi, kulimbikitsa maboma ogwirizana. LDP yadalira pa Kōmeitō kwa zaka makumi ambiri, koma kuti kugwirizana sikumatsimikizika kusunga kosatha. Magulu atsopano monga Reiwa Shingumi . Masankho a Reisen . kapena magulu a kumaloko mu Osaka (Nippon Ishin) [1] Sakanatha kuswa masankhoswe aŵiri amphamvu. Chisankho chachi chachikulu chinaona kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa CDP, koma chinali chosakwanira kugwetsa mgwirizanowo. Masankho amtsogolo angaone kuwonjezereka monga a mbadwo ndi magawo.

Kukhulupirirana Kochepa ndi Kufunafuna Mafomu Atsopano

Kudalira anthu a zipani zandale kunachepa pambuyo pa 2009-2012 DPJ debacle . Pamene kuli kwakuti LDP yapezanso kudalirika kwina, kufufuza kukusonyeza kuti mbali yaikulu ya osankhidwa imasonyezanso kuti “silingadalidwe” ndipo siikhala yokhulupirika ku chipani chilichonse. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mipata ya oyembekezera kubatizidwa kapena magulu a anthu amodzi. Kubuka kwa makampani a pa Intaneti ndi manyuzi oulutsira nkhani za anthu kukhozanso kuchepetsa malire a anthu atsopano, ngakhale kuti pagulu la kulembetsa kudakali malamulo ovomerezeka.

Kusintha Kothekera Kuyandikira

Malingaliro angapo osintha akukambitsiridwa kuti abwezeretsenso dongosolo la zipani la Japan:

  • Campaign interrul staul : Kuchepetsa kudalira pa zopereka za kampani ndi ndalama zothandizira anthu kuwonjezera ntchito yoseŵera.
  • Kusintha kwa dongosolo la zinthu : Ena amalingalira njira yolinganizidwira bwino kuonetsa bwino zokonda wovota, pamene kuli kwakuti ena amafuna kuchepetsa mipando ya PR kuti alimbikitse mpikisano wa mbali ziŵiri.
  • Kupereka mwayi wa kuvota (mwanthaŵi ya zaka 18 zaubongo) ndi kufutukuka msanga kapena pa Intaneti kuti achinyamata ayambenso kuchita nawo ntchitoyi.
  • Kulimbikitsa uyang’aniro wa nyumba ya malamulo kuchepetsa ulamuliro wa akuluakulu ndi kupereka magawo otsutsa ntchito zatanthauzo kwambiri m’makomiti.

Mapeto ake: Dongosolo Logwira Ntchito Molimba

Gawo la zipani za Japan lasintha kuchoka pa ulamuliro umodzi wokha pansi pa 1955 System kupita ku malo ogaŵanika kwambiri, ogwirizana, ndi osinthasintha. LDP idakali mphamvu yolimba, koma malo ake salinso ogwirizana. Ngakhale kuti magulu otsutsa, ngakhale kuti agaŵanika, angapange ndipo akhazikitsa maboma [1] monga momwe aonekera mu 1993 ndi 2009. Mtsogolomu mudzadalira pa mmene magulu adzathetsera mavuto aakulu a anthu okalamba, chuma, ndi dongosolo la zandale zosinthasinthasintha. Nthaŵi ya kukhulupirika kokhazikika kwandale kwa dziko la Japan ipitirizabe kupangidwa ndi kulimbanitsidwa ndi makampani, makampani atsopano, ndi nkhondo yopitirizabe kulongosola njira ya dziko m’zaka za zana la 21.

[[ML:0] Zilozero za External:[[Kusintha:1]