Table of Contents
Chiyambi
Pamene mphepo yamkuntho igwetsa nthaka kapena kuphulitsa mizere ya piringupiringu, chivomerezo cha mwamsanga chimachokera kwa mnansi, womenya nkhondo wa kumaloko, kapena msilikali wa boma. Patangopita maola angapo, yankho limenelo limawonjezeredwa ndi bungwe lapadera la ku America: National Guard. Kutumikira monga gulu langozi la boma ndi loya wa boma, a galeta malo aakulu pakati pa opereka chithandizo cha boma choyamba ndi aukulu. Nkhaniyi imapenda ntchito, akuluakulu a zamalamulo, mphamvu za gulu, ndi nyumba za gulu zimene zimathandiza Gulu lankhondo ndi la National Guide kugwira ntchito monga mzati wa nkhondo ya dziko la tsokalo.
Ulamuliro wa Makhalidwe a Anthu: Chifukwa Chake Alonda Alabadira Mwachangu
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa gulu la asilikali a National Guard ndi asilikali okangalika kuli m'malamulo ndi ulamuliro. Mabungwe ankhondo ogwira ntchito mogwira ntchito molamulidwa ndi boma (Tit 10, Code ya U.S.), imene imafuna dongosolo la pulezidenti ndipo imaphatikizapo njira yogwirizanitsira. Kusiyanako, kuchuluka kwa asilikali amagwira ntchito pansi pa ulamuliro (mutu 32, U.S.) panthaŵi ya ngozi. Kusiyana kumeneku kuli ndi zotsatira zazikulu za kubwezera tsoka.
Bwanamkubwa ali ndi ulamuliro wosonkhezera asilikali awo a boma mwamsanga pozindikira chiwopsezo. Ulamuliro umenewu umalola magulu a anthu kukwera magalimoto a madzi apamwamba, malole a mafuta, ndi zinthu zamankhwala kutsogolo kwa kugwa kwa mphepo. Kazembeyo amasunga lamulo la gululo, koma boma limasunga ndalama zimene zimagwira ntchito pa Zigawo 32, zimene zimasunga malo a antchito audindo a boma kaamba ka zifuno zalamulo. Kusintha kumeneku kwalamulo nkofunika kaamba ka chivomerezo cha mwamsanga, chokhoza kutsata.
Boma Logwira Ntchito (SAD)
M’zochitika zina, maboma amasonkhezera ziŵalo za Alonda pansi pa State Activity Duty (SAD), kumene boma limatenga ndalama ndi ulamuliro wathunthu . Zimenezi nzofala pa zochitika zazing'ono monga kusefukira kwa madzi kapena mikuntho ya m'nyengo yachisanu. SAD imalola akazembe kusonkhanitsa chuma popanda chilolezo cha boma, kupereka liŵiro lalikulu kaamba ka ntchito za mwamsanga za moyo.
Chigwirizano cha Thandizo la Kuyang’anira Kwadzidzidzi (EMAC)
Pamene tsoka liposa mphamvu ya boma limodzi, abwanamkubwa angapemphe thandizo kuchokera ku maiko ena kudzera ku Emergency Management Avice Compation (EMAC). Msonkhano umenewu wovomerezedwa umalola boma lina kubwereka katundu wa Alonda ndi antchito kwa wina. Mwachitsanzo, pa nthaŵi ya mphepo yamkuntho yachisanu, Florida angawonjeze makampani a Texas olondera ndege kuti awonjezere kufunafuna kwake ndi kupulumutsa. EMAC lungwe la ndalama zopereka ndi chitetezo chalamulo, kupangitsa ilo kukhala njira ya ndandanda ya kachitidwe ka chigawo ka chigawo cha chigawo chatsoka.
Apolisi Ogwira Ntchito: Kuchoka pa Kuchira Kukayamba Kuchira
Kuthandiza kwa National Guard ku chivomerezo cha tsoka sikuli kokha pa mbali imodzi. Kuloŵetsedwa kwake kumatsatira kayendedwe kolinganizidwa: machitidwe a kukhazikitsa, kutetezera moyo, kuchirikiza kuvomereza, ndi kuchirikizidwa.
Kugwa Pasadakhale ndi Kulandira Udindo
Kuloleza ndi ntchito yaikulu kwa okonza za alonda. Pamene mphepo yamkuntho iyamba kuwala ku Atlantic kapena Gulf, akuluakulu a asilikali amazindikira malo oyenerera kunja kwa dera lokhala ndi ngozi. Magalimoto a madzi apamwamba, sitima za mafuta, madzi osungira m’mabotolo, ndi zipangizo zolankhulirana zimasamutsidwa ku malo amenewa ozungulira. Oyendetsa sitima asanayambe kukonza njira, kuphatikizapo malole otaya zinthu ndi zigaŵenga, okonzekera kudula zinyalala ndi misewu yotseguka kuti athandize anthu ovula.
Ziwiya za UH-60 Black Hawk ndi CH-47 Chinoke, amasamutsidwa kubwalo la ndege lokhala ndi mahachi ouma. Ndege zimenezi zili ndi zipangizo zonyamula katundu zofunika populumutsa anthu pa denga ndi kutumiza katundu ku madera akutali. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) imagwirizanitsa kwambiri ndi apolisi olondera ndege kuti apereke mapulogalamu ndi zolinga za ntchito pa nthawi ya kutumiza ndege.
Kufufuza ndi Kupulumutsa (SAR)
Chofunika kwambiri chikachitika tsokalo ndicho kupeza ndi kukoka opulumuka.
[[FLT: 0] Kufufuza ndi Kupulumutsa: Magulu a Nkhondo ankhondo amafufuza m’ndege pogwiritsa ntchito UH-60 Black Hawks. Mapulatifomu ameneŵa ali ndi zokwerera zokhoza kukoka anthu ambiri opulumuka kuchokera pa madenga, magalimoto osefukira, kapena malo osafikirika. Magubo ndi a mediactac amaphunzitsidwa kuthamanga ndi ntchito zokwerera, kaŵirikaŵiri kugwira ntchito m’mikhalidwe ya kuwonekera kwa . Mkunthofukucha ya Texas National Guide inapulumutsa anthu oposa 6,000 ndi ziŵeto 1,000.
Magulu a panthaka a magetsi ndi Madzi: Magulu apadziko a Zodiac ndi magalimoto a madzi okwera monga LMTV (Light Tixmal Vehicle) kudutsa m'makwalala osefukira. Magulu ameneŵa amaphunzitsidwa njira zopulumutsira anthu ogwidwa ndi madzi othamanga kwambiri, kuwalola kufikira anthu amene ali m’mapaipi amene angawatsekereze zinthu zofunikira. Maboma ambiri tsopano amasunga makampani othandizira kupulumutsa madzi otsalira mu injiniya yawo kapena a apolisi.
Kufufuza ndi Kupulumutsa: Powona zochitika za kusweka kwa nyumba, mainjiniya a Alonda ndi apolisi ankhondo amachirikiza magulu ankhondo a USAUS. Amanyamula katundu wolemera, kugwetsa zipangizo, ndi kuteteza pamalo ochitikira, kulola akatswiri a zausilikali kusumika maganizo pa ntchito zopulumutsa za umisiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kachipangizo Kosiyanasiyana
Pambuyo pa kusinthika kwa nthaŵi yomweyo kwa kusungitsa chitaganya, kukhoza kwa zinthu kwa aloria kumafikira kukhala chinthu chachikulu. Unyolo wa nzika za boma kaŵirikaŵiri umadulidwa ndi misewu yowonongeka, njanji zosefukira, ndi mamagetsi otsika. Oyang’anira akonzanso mtokoma wa zopereka kudzera m'madongosolo ankhondo.
Olondera malo oyendera amakhazikitsa Nsonga za Kugaŵira (PODs), zimene zili malo apakati oyambukiridwa kumene nzika zimalandira chakudya, madzi, madzi aukali, ndi matampu. Zombo zankhondo zotchuka, kuphatikizapo FMTVs (Mabanja a Mont Tactal Vehicles) ndi HEMTTS (Heavy Expanded Mozatial Tractial Trackes), zingayendetse m’mikhalidwe imene imalepheretsa magalimoto amalonda otsalira. Ntchito zankhondo zimasamuka kuchokera ku madera a boma kunka ku midzi yakwathu yakwawo pansi pa chitetezo ndi kugwirizana kwa apolisi ankhondo.
Njira yosonyezera zinthu ndi yofanana. Oyendetsa zida zankhondo zoikidwa ndi oyendetsa magalimoto otetezera kuti achotse zinyalala, kuchotsa mitengo, ndi kukonza misewu yowonongeka. Zimenezi sizimangothandiza kutumiza magalimoto komanso kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndi zipangizo zamakono zolankhulirana. Kukhoza kwa alonda kuchititsa kuti zinthu ziyende bwino m'malo ovuta kaŵirikaŵiri ndiko kusiyana pakati pa vuto lokhala ndi tsoka la anthu.
FAMA MPENDEREZO YA FORMY FORMU . Mwalamulo zigawano za alonda m'mabungwe a Emergency Survice Form (ESF).
Chichirikizo cha Zamankhwala cha M’ngozi
Masoka akugwera m’zipatala zakumaloko, kuwononga maziko a zinthu za m’thupi ndi kuchititsa odwala kuchuluka.
Machipatala a protein : Machipatala a zamankhwala a m’madera ozungulira okhoza kuchita opaleshoni yamwadzidzidzi, chisamaliro chapadera, ndi chisamaliro chachikulu. Nyumba zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhazikitsidwa m'malo osungira zida zankhondo, malo a msonkhano, kapena mizinda ya mahema kuti zichotse chitsenderezo pa zipatala zowonongeka. Army Guard’s Brigade Combat Combat Teams zimaphatikizapo ma platoon amene angagwiritsiridwe ntchito ntchito ya ntchito imeneyi.
Kutumiza odwala ovuta kuchokera ku malo akutali kapena zipatala zoletsera kupita ku malo osamalira apamwamba. Oyendetsa ambulansi a ndege amagwira ntchito pa maola 24 , kaŵirikaŵiri kuyendetsa malo otsika ndi mphepo.
Covil Service Teams (CSTs): [FLT ] Alonda a National akusunga 57 Zida za Misa Destruction Common Service timu za (CSTs), imodzi ya boma lililonse, gawo, ndi Chigawo cha Columbia. Magulu ophunzitsidwa kwambiri ameneŵa amaphunzira za makemikolo, zachibadwidwe, za nyukiliya, ndi za nyukiliya (CBRN) zopezedwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwala. Pamene kuli kwakuti akonza kuti apheke, CSTS imaikidwa nthaŵi zonse kaamba ka zochitika zangozi zimene zimayendera limodzi ndi masoka achilengedwe, monga kutayika kwa makemikolo kuchokera ku malo owonongeka a maindala.
Kupenda Nkhani: Kugalamuka kwa Mphepo ndi Kusinthika kwa DSCA
Gawo loyendera la National Guard lamakono likutengera kwambiri zimene anaphunzira ku mphepo yamkuntho. Mkuntho wa Katrina mu 2005 unavumbula kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mgwirizano, malamulo, ndi akuluakulu a boma. Posse Comitatus Act ndi boureaucratic anazengereza kuyankha kogwira ntchito, kulimbikitsa kufunika kwa ntchito ya boma ya a gadi.
Pambuyo pa Katrina, Dipatimenti ya Zoteteza Inayamba kukhazikitsa maziko a Superst of Civil Province Service of Povil Guide (DSCA). Chiphunzitso chimenechi chimapereka malangizo omveka bwino a mmene magulu ankhondo, kuphatikizapo Alonda, amathandizira utsogoleri wa anthu wamba.
Mkati mwa mphepo ya mkuntho Sandy (202), New York ndi New Jersey National Guards inapha anthu othaŵa m’tauni ndi kupereka mphamvu ku zipatala ndi malo ogona. Mu 2017, mphepo zamkuntho Harvey, Irma, ndi Maria anayesa mphamvu ya alonda kuti apereke nthaŵi imodzi, ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mamembala oposa 50,000 a a a polisi anasonkhezeredwa, kusonyeza mphamvu ya kuthamanga mofulumira. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa EMAC mabutting kulola maboma onga Oklahoma ndi Ohio kutumiza mainjiniya a Alonda ndi ndege kuchirikiza mphepo ya Texas ndi Florida.
Chiphunzitso cha DSCA chikupitiriza kusinthika, kuphatikizamo kugawana kwa nthaŵi yeniyeni, mapangano okhazikitsidwa, ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe a boma oyang'anira zangozi.
Kuphunzira Kayeso: Kuwotcha Moto ndi Kuzima Moto
Moto wa m’nkhalango umakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti mphepo zamkuntho zimakula kwambiri pasadakhale, moto wa m’nkhalango umatha mofulumira, mosayembekezereka, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri umafalikira m’malo ovuta kwambiri koma osapezeka bwino.
Njira Yomenyera Moto Yoyenda ndi Ndege (Nthenda za Moto)
Programu ya Air National MaFFS ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya njira ya dziko yowombera moto. MAFFS ndi njira yowongolera yankhondo imene imasintha ndege za C- 130 kuti zikhale zonyamula moto zokhoza kuponya malita 3,000 a moto pa masekondi asanu. Kukhoza kumeneku kumapangidwa mwa kugwirizana ndi nkhalango za United States pamene sitima zankhondo za m'mlengalenga za m'dzikolo zikuthetsedwa ndi kukwera kwa nyengo yamoto.
C- 130 kuchokera ku mayuniti monga 153rd Airlift Wing Lips (Wyoming) ndi 146th Air Living Wing (California) adaima ku zochitika za moto kudutsa dzikolo. Komiti ya MAFFS imalinganizidwira kukhazikitsa, kulola ndege kutembenuka pakati pa kuulutsa kwa ndege ndi kuzima kwa moto m'maola angapo. Kuuluka m’mwamba modewera, mpweya wodzaza ndi utsi, gulu la ankhondo a MaFFS likugwira ntchito m'mikhalidwe ina ya ngozi kwambiri m’dziko. Kukhoza kwawo kunyamula mizere yamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu kupangitsa kuti apange mizere yoyenda kumanga moto imene ikhoza kuwopseza anthu.
The National Guard Bureau's MAFFS shopt imagogomezera kuti programu imeneyi yachirikiza mkupiti wamoto waukulu kwa zaka zoposa 50, kumapereka mphamvu yofunika pa nyengo zamoto zowopsa kwambiri.
Zombo za Pansi panthaka ndi Zotetezera
Ngakhale kuti katundu wa ndege amalandira chisamaliro chachikulu, ambiri a alonda omenyana ndi moto wamoto ali pansi. Mabungwe a ana ndi injiniya amaphunzitsidwa monga antchito a manja, kuchotsa zomera kuti zichititse moto kuphulika. Zimenezi zimachepetsa kupita patsogolo kwa moto ndipo zimapatsa malo otetezeka kwa ozimitsa moto.
Ziŵalo za alonda zimatetezeranso. Pamene moto wamoto ukuyandikira malo okhala, magulu amapita kukhomo ndi khomo kuchotsa magalamu, kuchotsa zinyalala zoyaka moto, kukhazikitsa zomangira za madzi zonyamula, ndi zomangira m'zitsulo zozimira moto. Ntchito imeneyi imafunikira kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi madipatimenti a moto a kumaloko, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amafikira malire awo. Kukhoza kwa Oyang’anira kupereka antchito zikwizikwi ophunzitsidwa pa chidziŵitso chachidule kuli mphamvu ya mabungwe a boma ozimitsa moto.
Kuwonjezera apo, ndege zolondera ndege zimayang'anira ndege ndi kugwetsa madoko. Madoko a ma short ndi ma CH-47 Chinok ali ndi zipangizo za Bambi Bucket, zomangira zokhoza kuzula madzi kuchokera ku nyanja kapena madamu ndi kutumiza ku malo enieni. Mahelikoputawa amaperekanso malangizo ndi mapulatifomu kwa akazembe, kupereka malo enieni a motowo ndi khalidwe.
Zipangizo zamakono ndi Zothandiza Powonongeka
Bungwe la National Guard likugwirizanitsa luso la zopangapanga lopita patsogolo kuti lithandize anthu kuzindikira zinthu ndi kugwira ntchito bwino pa nthaŵi ya masoka.
Njira Zoulutsira Ndege Zopanda Anthu (UAS)
Madongosolo a ndege opanda anthu (SUAS) tsopano ndi zipangizo zoyendera m'magulu ambiri a asilikali. Ma vidiyo ameneŵa amapereka pafupifupi mlingo wa madzi, kuwonongeka kwa nyumba, ndi kutha kwa moto. Luntha limeneli limathandiza akuluakulu opanga zinthu kugaŵira zinthu mogwira mtima ndi kuteteza magulu a pansi ku malo oopsa. Makiyi a UAS amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofufuza zinthu zowonongeka, kupanga mapu otetezera ndi oteteza zinthu zimene zawonongeka amene amasonyeza kuti apeze ndalama ndi mainjiniya kumene kwenikweni kunachitika.
Kusuntha Ajeothika ndi Kuloŵerera m’Maumboni
National Guardeverages geospatial system (GIS) kupanga zithunzi zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (COPS). Mapu a manambala ameneŵa amalumikizidwa kuchokera ku FEMA, kuyang'anira ngozi za boma, ndi zipangizo zothandizira anthu a komweko, kusonyeza zonse kuchokera ku malo obisala kupita ku makhola a misewu. Kuzindikira kumeneku n’kofunika kwambiri pogwirizanitsa mayankho osiyanasiyana. Zolankhula ndi Satellite (SATCOM) zimatsimikizira kuti chidziŵitso chimenechi chimapezeka ngakhale pamene maselo ndi intaneti zikuwonongedwa.
Zipangizo zopanga zinthu, kuphatikizapo luso lopanga zinthu zoonera zithunzi za satellite, zikuyesedwa kuti zione ngati zinthu zasintha ndi kuona malo amene akufunikira thandizo mwamsanga.
Mkulu wa Asilikali: Anthu ndi Kubwereranso Kumbuyo
Chinsinsi cha National Guard ndicho mkhalidwe wake wozikidwa pa chitaganya. Mosiyana ndi ziŵalo za utumiki wachangu zimene zingakhale zikuima kutali ndi kwawo, ziŵalo za alonda zimakhala ndi kugwira ntchito m'mizinda ndi m’matauni omwe amaitanidwa kutetezera. Kugwirizana kwenikweni kumeneku kumayambitsa chisonkhezero champhamvu cha kulabadira kofulumira ndi kwachifundo.
Apolisi ena akafuna kuteteza anthu amene akukhala nawo pafupi, ambiri amavutika ndi tsokali, ndipo amada nkhawa ndi mabanja awo komanso nyumba zawo.
Unansi wa chitaganya umaperekanso mapindu. Oyang'anira ali ndi chidziŵitso chakuya cha malo a kumaloko, maziko, ndi mayanjano ofunika kwambiri a kumaloko kuulutsa madera owonongeka, kudziŵa njira zopulumukiramo, ndi kugwirizana ndi akuluakulu a boma amene angakhale odziŵana nawo. Kudalirana kumeneku ndi kuzoloŵerana kumafulumiza kuyesayesa konse kwa kulabadira.
Kumaliza: Kusintha kwa Nyengo N’kovuta Kukumvetsa
Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi ukulu wa nyengo yowopsa, kudalira kwa dziko pa National Guard kudzapitirizabe kukula. Kukhoza kwapadera kwa Alonda kusintha popanda kuthandizidwa ndi lamulo la kumaloko kuchirikiza kuchitika kwatsoka la boma lonse kukupangitsa ilo kukhala thandizo lofunika kwambiri kuti dziko lipirire.
Malamulo a mutu 32 ndi EMAC amapereka kulimba mtima kofunikira kulabadira mofulumira, pamene kuli kwakuti luso la zopangapanga m'ndege, zopangapanga, uinjiniya, ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala limapereka mphamvu yosamalira masoka ocholoŵana. Kupitirizabe kuikizira zinthu zamakono, kugwirizanitsa kwa luso la zopangapangapanga, ndi ubwino wa nzika za nzika nkofunika kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu imeneyi. Kwa anthu oyang'anizana ndi mphepo yamkuntho kapena moto, National Guard idakali nthaŵi yomweyo, yokhoza, ndi magwero odalirika a chithandizo chankhondo m’nthaŵi yawo yaikulu yosoŵa.