Pankhani ya chuma cha anthu, maokhera apadera ndi zizindikiro zili pakati pa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri za bizinesi kapena munthu amene angakhale. Zimateteza zinthu zopangidwa, zizindikiro, ndi ntchito zopanga zinthu, kukhazikitsa malire a mpikisano ndi kuyambitsa zinthu zatsopano. Komabe, pamene pabuka mikangano yokhudza ufulu umenewu, kuphwanya, kapena kukhala ndi katundu, kapena kukhala ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri. Kuti dongosolo loti ligwire ntchito bwino, magulu onse ayenera kukhala ndi chidaliro chakuti mlandu wawo udzaikidwa popanda tsankho ndipo malamulo okhazikitsidwa. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yalamulo ya [[FLT: 0] yoyenerera, imakhala yofunika kwambiri. Makonzedwe otsimikizira kuti palibe munthu amene akulandidwa katundu wake wanzeru, kuphatikizapo zinthu zabwino. Ilo limasungabe mayezo ndi malamulo oyenera ndi ogwirizana.

Kodi Zinthu Ziyenera Kuchitika Bwanji?

Pa maziko ake, njira yoyenerera ya lamulo ili chitsimikiziro chozikidwa pa Malamulo a Chisanu ndi 14 a United States. Mpando wa Findrence umaletsa boma kulanda munthu aliyense “moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu, popanda njira yoyenerera ya lamulo. . Lamulo la 14neth Amendment limafutukula njira yoletsa maboma. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, makhoti amasulira njira yofunikira kufunikira zigawo zazikulu ziŵiri: projected projected project of remodial ndi kachitidwe koyenera kuletsa .

Kuyenera kwa lamulo kumakhudza kulungama kwa njira zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kupanga chosankha. Kumafunikira kuti anthu alandire osalandira ['kutsutsana ndi ,] kwa lamulo lililonse limene lingayambukire ufulu wawo, ndi mwaŵi wakuyanjidwa [kumveka ku bwalo lopanda tsankho]. M'nkhani ya kutsutsana ndi chizindikiro, izi zikutanthauza kuti wotsutsa, woimba mlandu woyang'anizana ndi chitsutso, kapena mwini mwini malo woyang'anizana ndi chitokoso choyenerera ayenera kuuzidwa bwino lomwe zimene zikunenedwa ndi kupatsidwa mwaŵi woyenerera kuyankha ndi umboni ndi mawu.

Komabe, njira yoyenerera yosadziŵika bwino imafunsa ngati lamulo lalamulo lalamulo lalamulo lenilenilo nloyenera ndi loyenera. Pamene kuli kwakuti silimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri m’mikangano ya IP, kungabuke pamene malamulo kapena malamulo amalanda zigamulo za ufulu mwauchiwembu kapena mosalingalira.

Kulimbana Koyenera

Mkangano wautali umachitika m'mabungwe ambiri , makamaka ku United States Paent ndi Trademark Office (USPTO) ndi m’makhoti a boma.

USPTO Eni - pitiriza: Kupendanso Mayesero ndi AYA

USPTO imayang'anira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zimayambitsa vutoli, kuphatikizapo mbali imene imadzifufuzanso, kubwereza (IPR), kubwereza (PGR) ndi njira yoyendera malonda (CBM). Ntchito zimenezi zinayambitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa ndi America Invents Act (AA) ya mu 2011.

  • Tnoice : Mkulu wa foni ayenera kupereka chikalata chonse chofotokoza maziko a vuto, ndipo mwiniwake wapatsidwa kope ndipo wapatsidwa nthaŵi yoti ayankhe.
  • Maholide oyenera kumvedwa: angapereke umboni, kuphatikizapo zilengezo za akatswiri ndi zojambula zisanachitike. Alinso ndi kuyenera kwa kumvetsera kwa pakamwa pamaso pa Paten Trial ndi Appeance Board (PTAB).
  • [[FLT: 0] Oweruza opanga zigamulo: Oweruza a PTAB ndi oweruza alamulo auyang’aniro amene saphatikizidwa m'kusanthula koyambirira kwa loni. Ayenera kudzineneza okha ngati pali kutsutsana kwa chikondwerero.
  • Kufufuza: Pamene kuli kwakuti kuli kochepa poyerekezera ndi khoti la boma, magawo angapeze zikalata ndi zikalata zofunika mwa kutulukira kogwirizana kapena mwa kuyenda.

Mosasamala kanthu za chitetezo chimenechi, ena adzutsa nkhaŵa za liŵiro la kuyesa AIA ndi kuthekera kwa “magulu a imfa” pa PTAB. Khoti Lapamwamba la U.S. mu . Oil States Energy Service Service v. Greene’s Energy Group (2018) adachirikiza kulimba kwa malamulo a IPR, kukana mfundo zimene amaswa Kaganizo III kapena Demetrisement ku mlandu wa a ajuli. Khotilo linagogomezera kuti IPR “ikidwe kukhala ndi njira yowongolera mkhalidwe wabwino ndi kutetezera chikondwerero cha anthu onse mwa kukhala opanda mapangano olakwika, ndi njira yoyenererayo yotetezera.

Khoti la Federal Patent Litigation

Milandu yotsutsa imaikidwa m'makhoti a chigawo cha United States. Kuno, njira yake yoyenerera yazikidwa kwambiri m'Malamulo a Chigawo. Mapalishoni ali ndi ufulu wa:

  • Thokizo: Chidandaulo chiyenera kulongosola bwino lomwe mphamvu ya (ma) onenedwa kuti yadodometsedwa ndi maziko a ulamuliro.
  • Kufukula kwa Broad kulola mbali zonse ziŵiri kupeza zikalata, mayankho ofunsa, ndi umboni wosungitsidwa. Zimenezi nzovuta chifukwa chakuti milandu yambiri yotsimikizirika imadalira pa tsatanetsatane wa maluso ndi kulankhulana kwa mkati kwa maphwandowo.
  • Kachitidwe ka kugaŵikana: Madansi angachotsedwe, kugamula kwachidule, kapena kuchotsa umboni. Kusintha kumeneku kuyenera kumvedwa ndi kugamulidwa ndi woweruza wozikidwa pa miyezo yalamulo.
  • : Demendment imatsimikizira kuzenga mlandu wa ajuli m'milandu yalamulo kaamba ka chiwombolo. Ngakhale m'maweruziro a benchi, woweruza ayenera kutsutsa zimene zapezedwa ndi zenizeni ndi zigamulo za lamulo.
  • Appals: Chipani chilichonse chingapereke chigamulo ku khoti lamilandu la United States la apilo ku Federal Tturt, limene limapenda zigamulo zalamulo za chigamulo chanovo ndi zenizeni kaamba ka kulakwa kowonekeratu.

Kutsatira lamulo kumafunanso kuti khoti likhale ndi ulamuliro waumwini pa woimbidwa mlanduyo . Mwachisawawa woimbidwa mlanduyo akagulitsa zinthu kapena kuchita ntchito m’boma la m’boma. Venue amaonetsetsa kuti milandu yazengedwa pamalo oyenera.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu m’Malonda

Pamakhala mikangano yokhudza malonda polembetsa (kuletsa ndi kuletsa milandu ku Trademark Treap and Appeal Board, kapena TTAB) ndiponso kuonetsetsa kuti anthu achita zinthu zophwanya malamulo (zochitika za milandu m’khoti).

Kupitira Patsogolo: Chitsutso ndi Kutengeka Maganizo

Ngati chipani chikhulupirira kuti chilolezo chapadera sichiyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa chakuti nchofanana ndi chizindikiro chomwe chilipo, ncholongosoledwa, kapena chikhoza kupangitsa kupeputsa [1] iwo angapange chitsutso kapena pempho la kuletsa TTAB. TTAB ndi khoti la boma la USPTO limene limagwira ntchito mofanana ndi khoti la boma koma ndi njira zotsatizana.

  • TTB imakhazikitsa nyengo yosanguluka kaamba ka yankho (kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 40).
  • Ziŵiya zofufuzira zilipo, kuphatikizapo mafunsishoni, zopereka, ndi zifunsiro za ntchito. Malamulo a TTAB amasonyeza Federal Maganizo a Chigawo m'mbali zambiri.
  • Maseŵero ndi kuweruza: [[FT:1] Madansi angapereke chiweruzo chachidule. Ngati mlanduwo upitiriza kuzengedwa, iwo amapereka umboni ndi umboni kupyolera m'zilengezo zolembedwa kapena umboni wamoyo pa kumvetsera kwa pakamwa.
  • Appal : Chipani cholephera chingakope chigamulo cha TTAB ku Federal Frice kapena kukonza kachitidwe kachiŵeniŵeni kochotsa pa lamulo m'khoti la chigawo cha U.S.

Ntchito yoyenerera imagwiranso ntchito ku detiex milandu pa mlingo wa kusanthula kwa USPTO . Mwachitsanzo, ngati loya wofufuzayo akana kulembetsa, wofunsirayo amalandira Chichitidwe cha Ofesi cholongosola kukana, ndipo ali ndi mwaŵi wakuyankha. Ngati kukanako kwapangidwa komalizira, wofunsirayo angapite ku TTAB.

Kuzembetsa Malonda

M’khoti la boma, eni malo odziŵika aimbidwa mlandu wotsutsa pa Lanham Act (15 U.S.C. 765). Zotetezera zofunikira nzofanana ndi za amene ali ndi mphamvu: dziŵitsa, kutulukira, kutulukira, kuzenga, ndi apilo. Kuwonjezerapo, chifukwa chakuti ufulu wa chilolezo wa m'malonda, kaŵirikaŵiri umalingalira kuti malo okhala, zimene zimaloŵetsamo mfundo zofunikira ponena za ulamuliro wa munthu mwini ndi malo ake. Khoti Lapamwambalo linachita chigamulo cha Morg Co. Chosankha cha M’badwidwe wa Frot Co. Choyang'ana Sevent Revice Co. [FL:] [20.2] (201]

Chitetezo cha Makina

Ngakhale kuti tsatanetsatane wa zinthuzo amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi ndandanda ya zinthu zimene zili m’kati mwa nyumbayo, njira zingapo zotetezera ndizo zololeka ndi zodziŵira:

  • Tnowsice : Mawu omveka bwino a zimene akufuna kapena chitetezo kuti gulu lotsutsanalo likonzere yankho. Zimenezi zimaletsa “kutchera manda.
  • Kugwirizana kupereka umboni ndi mfundo: Madansi ayenera kukhala ndi mwaŵi watanthauzo wa kupereka umboni woyenerera, kuitana mboni, ndi kupanga zigomeko za lamulo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Wopanga chigamulo: Oweruza, oweruza auyang’aniro, kapena ajuli ayenera kukhala opanda kukondera kapena kusamala za munthu. M'makonzedwe auyang'aniro, zimenezi zimachirikizidwa ndi malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ndi mathayo a kubwezera.
  • Zosankha zotsimikizirika: Opanga zigamulo ayenera kulongosola zigamulo zawo, kupereka maziko a kubwereramo. Izi nzofunika kuti makhoti a kutsutsa atsimikizire ngati zolakwa zinachitika.
  • Thandizo lothandiza la uphungu (m'nkhani zina): Pamene kuli kwakuti si lamulo loyenera pa mikangano yachiŵeniŵeni, kukhoza kulipira maloya ndi akatswiri kaŵirikaŵiri kuli kofunika kugwiritsira ntchito malamulo ovuta a IP.

Anthu amene amaona kuti anthu ena sawachitira zinthu zabwino, nthawi zambiri savomereza zotsatira zoipa zimene achita ndipo sachita zinthu zosokoneza.

Kupenda Chiweruzo Monga Msampha wa Chitetezo

Palibe dongosolo la kachitidwe ka boma lokhala langwiro, ndipo makhoti a boma kapena ngakhale makhoti a chigawo angapange zolakwa. Kupenda kwa chiweruzo kumapereka muyezo wofunika wa njira yoyenerera. Opaleshoni amene sakhutira ndi chigamulo cha USPTO (PTAB kapena TTAB) angapite ku Federal Federal. Zigamulo za bwalo lamilandu n’zofunikanso kwa Federal Federal Transerle for loganing project, kapena ku dera loyenerera la milandu yapadera (Mfumo la maofesi osonkhezera kaŵirikaŵiri kupita ku Federal Frial Friesting ndi ngati zigamu za TTAB).

Makhoti ofufuza milandu akupenda zigamulo za lamulo ndi osachitapo kanthu , kutanthauza kuti salemekeza kumasulira kwa lamulo kwa khoti laling'ono. Zopezedwa zimapendedwa kaamba ka “kuphophonya kowonekera bwino” kapena“ umboni woposa” kudalira pa mawu apatsogolo. Kupenda koŵirikaku kumatsimikizira kuti zolakwa zingawongoletsedwe ndi kuti magulu ali ndi mwaŵi wokwanira wotsutsa zigamu zolakwika.

Kutsutsa Mantha a IP Kuthetsa Mavuto ndi Kusuliza

Ngakhale kuti n’zofunika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira malamulo ndi kukhazikitsa zizindikiro za zinthu zina n’kovuta.

  • N’zovuta ndi zochedwetsa: [[FLT :1] Yathunthu dongosolo lofunikira [1] Makamaka kutulukira ndi kumva kochuluka [1] kungawonongeke kwambiri. Kwa mabizinesi aang'ono kapena opanga zinthu, mtengo wopangira chinsinsi kapena chizindikiro ungakhale wokwera kwambiri, woletsa kuwapeza bwino kuweruza. Ena aitana njira zowonjezereka zoyendera, koma kulinganiza bwino ndi chilungamo n’kovuta.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa: [[FLT:] M'kufufuza kwalamulo, kutulutsa mapepala kungakhale kokulira. Magawo angagwiritsire ntchito kutulukira bwino kuti apeze ndalama kapena kufukula zinsinsi za malonda. Makhoti ali ndi zida zochepetsera kutulukira, koma kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa kumakhala nkhaŵa.
  • Miyezo yosadziŵika ku PTAB vs. makhoti: PTAB imagwiritsira ntchito mtolo wotsika wa chitsimikizo chosonyeza kusakhala kwabwino (“kutsimikizira umboni”) poyerekezera ndi“ muyezo wowonekera bwino ndi wokhutiritsa” wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'bwalo lamilandu popanga mphamvu zotulutsidwa. Kusiyana kumeneku kungayambitse kusiyanitsa kwa kusalungama, makamaka pamene mwini wachinsinsi ayang'anizana ndi mavuto onse aŵiri.
  • Kucholoŵana kwa malembedwe: [[FT:1] Kugwirizanitsa pakati pa kukambitsirana ndi milandu ya khoti kumafuna luntha lakuya. Mapalishoni angataye ufulu wawo mosazindikira ngati alephera kutsatira masiku kapena malamulo a m'madende a USPTO.
  • Njira yoyenerera kaamba ka zipani zosaimiridwa:[[FT:1] USPTO imapereka zinthu zopereŵera kwa opanga. Pamene kuli kwakuti bungwe lapanga zoyesayesa za kupeputsa ndi kupereka chitsogozo, munthu wopanda loya angayesebe mwamphamvu kugwiritsira ntchito bwino zoyenera zawo.

Mavuto ameneŵa amasonyeza kuti njira yoyenerera siiri yongoyerekezera koma ndi kudzipereka kogwira ntchito kumene kumafuna kukhala wodikira ndi wowongolera nthaŵi zonse.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a chilungamo asintha ndi kutsutsana kwa kampani. Kuyambira nthawi imene kukhazikitsa lamulo la munthu kumatsutsidwa kapena kutsutsidwa, anthu ayenera kuuzidwa, kumva, ndi kukonza zinthu popanda tsankho. Zitetezero zimenezi zimaonetsetsa kuti ufulu wa anthu a nzeru za anthu suchotsedwa popanda kuuzidwa, ndi kuti mawu okhawo ovomerezeka atsatiridwe. Kuwonjezera apo, njira yoyenerera imalimbikitsa anthu kukhulupirira dongosolo la IP, kulimbikitsa kukonza zinthu ndi kupanga makampani opanga zinthu.

Ngakhale kuti palibe dongosolo langwiro, ndipo mavuto onga ngati mtengo ndi kucholoŵana zikupitirizabe, kudzipereka pa kachitidwe koyenera kumakhalabe kwamphamvu. Mabungwe a USPTO, ndi makhoti a boma, amakonzabe njira zawo kuti asunge chitsimikizo cha tsiku labwino m’khoti. Kwa aliyense wophatikizidwa m'kutsutsana kwachindunji kapena chizindikiro, kumvetsetsa njira yoyenerera sikuli chabe maphunziro; kuli kofunika kutetezera zoyenera zawo ndi kufikira chotulukapo cholungama.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa njira yoyenerera m'zinthu zaluntha, onani Cornell Legal Information Institute , chidziŵitso cha USPTO pa America Invents Act , ndi [FLT] Faceral Inductal Center’s projects programs .