Kusankha kumaimira chimodzi cha zipilala zazikulu za ulamuliro wa demokalase, kutumikira monga njira yoyamba imene nzika zimagwiritsira ntchito kuyenera kwawo kwa kudzisankhira ndi kuumba mtsogolo mwa anthu awo, maboma, ndi mitundu. M'boma la demokalase, ulamuliro wa boma umachokera kokha ku chivomerezo cha olamulidwa, ndipo masankho amapereka maziko ofunika kwambiri otembenuzira ulamuliro wa boma wovomerezeka. Kumvetsetsa mmene masankhoti amagwirira ntchito, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipikisano ya osankha, ndi chifukwa chake nkhani za munthu aliyense amene akufuna kutengamo mbali m’njira ya demokrase iri yofunika kwambiri.

Kodi Kusankha N’kofunika Chifukwa Chiyani?

Chisankho ndi njira yachikhalidwe yopanga gulu mwakuti gawo kapena anthu onse kapena gulu losankha munthu kapena anthu ambiri kuti akhale ndi udindo wa boma kapena udindo wina. Chisankho chakhala njira yanthaŵi zonse imene oimira demokrase amakono achita kuyambira m’zaka za zana la 17, kukhazikitsa njira yamtendere ndi yadongosolo yoperekera mphamvu ndi kutsimikizira kuti boma lidzakhalabe ndi mlandu kwa anthu amene litumikira.

Zisankho zimatheketsa ovota kusankha atsogoleri ndi kuwachititsa kukhala ndi mlandu wa ntchito yawo m'malo. Ntchito imeneyi ya kuŵerengera ili yofunika ku ulamuliro wa demokrase, pamene imachititsa akuluakulu osankhidwa kukhala ovomereza zosoŵa zawo ndi nkhaŵa. Kuthekera kwa kulamulira atsogoleri mwa kuwafuna kuti avomereze masankho anthaŵi zonse ndi apanthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kumathandiza kuthetsa vuto la kutsata utsogoleri ndipo motero kuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo kwa demokrase.

Kufunika kwa masankho aufulu ndi abwino sikungatchulidwe. Pa demokalase, njira yaikulu yotembenuza anthu aulamuliro wa boma ndiyo kuchita masankho aufulu ndi abwino. Komabe, si masankho onse amene amatumikira zolinga za demokalase. Maboma achilungamo, maulamuliro a Marx, ndi maboma amodzi omwe amasankha kuti apereke lamulo loyenerera, ndi masankho amene angapereke munthu mmodzi yekha kapena ndandanda ya ofunsira popanda kusankha zina, kapena kutsimikizira mwa kuopseza kapena kukhazikitsa kuti chisankho cha boma ndicho chokha chimene chimasankhidwa.

Kusintha kwa Mbiri

Kusankha kuli ndi mbiri yotchuka yomwe imakhalako zaka zikwi zambiri zapitazo. Chisankho choyamba chotchuka cha akuluakulu a boma m'maofesi a boma, kumene nzika zonse zinali zoyenerera kuvota ndi kukhala ndi udindo wa onse, chikhale cha kumbuyo kwa Ephors of Sparta mu 754 BC, pansi pa boma la Spartan Constitution pamene dongosolo la kusankha ndi losankha mawu ambiri linagwiritsiridwa ntchito. Kusankha kwakhala kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga mbali ya democracy kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 6 BCE, pamene demokrase inayambitsidwa ndi democracy ya Atene.

Njira zovota zasintha kwambiri m’kupita kwa nthaŵi. Ku Athens ndi Roma wakale, njira zosiyanasiyana zovota zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, kuyambira pa kuonetsa manja mpaka ku mapepala achinsinsi. Chisankho chachinsinsi ndi chitukuko chamakono, koma tsopano chikulingaliridwa kukhala chofunika kwambiri m'masankho aufulu ndi abwino, popeza kuti chimachepetsa mphamvu ya kuopseza. Chitetezero cha ovota chakhala maziko a masankho a demokrase padziko lonse.

Pa nthawi imene malamulo a boma a ku United States analembedwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1780, pamene oyambitsa dzikolo anaona kuti zipani zandale sizinali zabwino kwenikweni ndipo zikanagaŵanitsa anthu ndi kuvulaza demokalase, koma patangotha zaka 10 kuchokera pamene malamulo a boma a dziko la United States analembedwa, bungwe la U.S. linali ndi magulu aŵiri andale.

Kumvetsa Njira Zoyendetsera Ntchito

Dongosolo la voti ndilo mpambo wa malamulo ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito kugamula zotulukapo za chisankho, zogwiritsiridwa ntchito m’ndale m’kusankha maboma ndiponso m’zochitika zosakhala zandale monga za bizinesi, mabungwe osapanga phindu ndi mabungwe amwaŵi, kulamulira mbali zonse za kachitidwe ka kuvota kuphatikizapo pamene masankho achitika, amene amaloledwa kuvota, amene angaimidwe monga wosankha aliyense, unyinji wa mavoti amene amaikidwa ndi wovota aliyense, mmene amasindikizidwira ndi kuikidwa, mmene mavoti amaŵerengedwera kapena kuyesedwa, mmene mavotiwonyererera kumapeto a chisankho, malire a kapenyedwe ka ka kapenyedwe, ndi zinthu zina.

Maiko osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, limodzi ndi limodzi lokhala ndi mapindu ake ndi kulingalira. Maiko ambiri m'dziko amaona masankho akumenyedwa kwakukulukulu pakati pa magulu aŵiri otsutsana, odziŵika monga magawo aŵiri, kumene aŵiriŵa adzakhala zipani zokhazikitsidwa ndi zotchuka koposa m'dziko, monga ngati ku US kumene mpikisano uli pakati pa Republica ndi Democrates. Maiko ambiri ali ndi madongosolo osiyanasiyana a madongosolo osiyana a chikhalidwe ndi zachuma, mafuko ndi mafuko, zigawo ndi mitundu ina, madera ndi magawo ena a US kumene kuli ndi gulu lawo.

Maiko ambiri ali ndi magulu osintha zinthu amene amachirikiza kusintha kwa masankho ena monga kuimira dongosolo la masankho, kuvomereza kuvota, kuvota kosintha munthu mmodzi, kuvota kwa mwamsanga kapena njira ya Condorcet, ndipo njira zochitira masankho ameneŵa nzofalanso pa masankho ochepa m’maiko ena kumene masankho ofunika kwambiri akugwiritsirabe ntchito njira zamwambo zoŵerengera.

Njira Yosankha Zonse: Kuchokera pa Kulembetsa Kufikira pa Zotulukapo

Zofunika Zolembedwa Mosinthasintha

Asanagawane m'masankho, nzika zoyenerera ziyenera kulembetsa kuvota. Maboma onse a US ndi magawo, kusiyapo North Dakota, amafuna kulembetsa kwa nzika zoyenerera kuchitidwa ndi nzika zisanavote m'boma, m'masankho a boma ndi a kumaloko. Kachitidwe ka kulembetsako katsimikizira kuti akuluakulu a chisankho angatsimikizire kuti wovotayo ali woyenerera ndi kusunga ndandanda yolondola.

Muyenera kukhala nzika ya United States ya zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kuposapo kuti mulembetse ndi kuvota, ngakhale kuti maboma ali ndi ulamuliro wochuluka wa kukhazikitsa ziyeneretso zowonjezereka kwa ovota. M'nkhani zambiri, mufunikira laisensi ya dalaivala kapena medi ya boma kuti mulembetse kuvota, ngakhale kuti ngati mulibe zikalata zimenezi, mukhoza kupereka mitundu ina ya zolembera, kuphatikizapo chikalata cha banki kapena chikalata cha magetsi, koma mapepala ofunika omwe muyenera kulembetsa mosiyanasiyana ndi boma.

Pamene kuli kwakuti ovota m'mbiri anafunikira kulembetsa pa maofesi a boma patsiku lina asanapange chisankho, boma la boma pakati pa ma190 linachita zoyesayesa kuwonjezera kubwerera kwawo mwa kukhazikitsa njira yolembetsera kupyolera mu National Voter Religiod Act ya 1993 (lamulo la "Mot Voter") limene limafuna kuti boma lipereke mautumiki a kulembetsa kovomerezeka kovomerezeka mwa kutumiza malo olembetsa ovomerezeka a ovomerezeka a oyendetsa galimoto, malo opunduka, masukulu, malaibulale, ndi kulembetsa kopeta, kapena kulola kuti tsiku la voti ya pulogatorishoni ivomereze.

Posachedwapa, maboma akhazikitsa njira zolembera modzifunira. Mu 2016, Oregon anakhala boma loyamba kupanga kulembetsa kodzifunira kwa ovota kotheratu (opt-out) pamene anatulutsa laisensi ndi makhadi a dalaivala, kuyambira pamene anatsatiridwa ndi maboma ena 15 ndi District of Columbia. Kulembetsa kodzifunira kwakhala njira yothandiza kwambiri yolembera osankha atsopano ndi kuchepetsa mpata wolembera pakati pa anthu a ku America otsika ndi ofikapo, ndi kuchotsa awo amene analembetsa modzi oimira 43% a onse amene anavota pambuyo pa ntchito.

Mayiko ambiri amafunanso kuti mulembetse ku chipani cha ndale kuti chivote m'masankho aakulu. Mayiko ambiri amakhazikitsa masiku olembetsa kapena kukonzanso tsatanetsatane, kuyambira pa milungu iŵiri mpaka inayi chisankho chisanachitike, pamene mayiko 25 ndi Washington D.C. alembetsenso tsiku limodzi lovota, zimene zimathandiza nzika kulembetsa kapena kukonzanso kulembetsa kwawo tsiku lomwelo.

Nyengo ya Mkupiti

Ulendo wokakamba za anthu oyenera kukambirana, kuonera, ndi kusonkhetsa ndalama kuti akonzekere ntchito zawo.

Ofuna kubatizidwa akangolengeza poyera cholinga chawo cha kuthamanga, nyengo ya ndawalayo imakula. Opita kuntchito zosiyanasiyana zolinganizidwa kufikira ovota ndi kutumiza mauthenga awo, kuphatikizapo kuonekera poyera, makambitsirano, kusatsatsa malonda, ndi udzu wolinganiza. M'zigawo zonse za boma, kuchokera ku dziko lako, oyembekezera kubatizidwa amathera nthaŵi yochuluka ndi ndalama kukonza mavoti a anthu, otchedwa "kutchera protopoti," ndi akatswiri andale osanena kuti pasachedwa masankhoti ambiri apita, 45 peresenti analingaliridwa kukhala ovota ku Republic ndi 40 peresenti ya Democratic , kungosiya 15 peresenti yokha yosathandiza.

Kusankha Koyambirira ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mabuku

Ku United States, njira yopita ku masankho kaŵirikaŵiri imayamba ndi masankho aakulu kapena kupotoza. njirayo imaphatikizapo zipani ziŵiri zazikulu za ndale zadziko, Democratic Party ndi Republican Party, zimene zimachita masankho oyambirira otchedwa primials kapena opanga masankho kuti asankhe opita ku chisankho cha dzikolo.

Maguluwo amachita chisankho chachikulu kuti achotse onse kusiyapo mmodzi, ndi boma lililonse likusankha deti la malo ake oyambira, ngakhale kuti maboma ambiri amaika masiku ake a tsiku limodzimodzilo, ndi chitsanzo chotchuka koposa ndicho "Lachiŵiri," kaŵirikaŵiri mu March, kumene maiko ambiri okhala ndi masankho aakulu kapena ogwiritsira ntchito.

Masankho aakulu ambiri amagwera mu gulu limodzi la magulu aŵiri: kutseka ndi kutseka, ndi kutseka, kotsekera kokha kolola ziŵalo za gulu lapadera kuvota m'choyambirira cha gululo. Kusiyana kumeneku nkofunika chifukwa chakuti kumakhudza amene angatengemo mbali m'kusankha chipani chilichonse.

Pa nthaŵi ina, oyembekezera kulowa m'mabwalo ankhondo kusungitsa kuikidwa kwa chipani chawo, kuthera pa Msonkhano wa National Convention kumene wosankhidwayo akuperekedwa mwalamulo. Cholinga cha msonkhano lerolino ndicho kukambitsirana malamulo ndi mapulatifomu a chipanicho, ndi mmalo mwa njira yosankhira woloŵa pa chipani cha pulezidenti, msonkhanowo wakhala chida chosonyezera ndi kupititsa patsogolo wopambana.

Kusankha Kofunika

Chigawo chachikulu chitatha ndipo mamembala asankha makampani awo, kusumika maganizo awo pa masankho. Ataikidwa m’kaundula, oyembekezera kusankhidwawo akuyang’ana m’kampeni ya chisankho, kuukira kogwirizana kumene kuli kosatsimikizirika. Kulingalira kothandiza kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti m’madera ambiri, malo ena amakonda mbali imodzi kuposa wina, kupangitsa madera a mpikisano kukhala ofunika kwambiri.

Patsiku la chisankho, ovota anaponya mapepala awo a pepala pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi njira zawo za boma. Mayiko ena amapereka nyengo zovota, pamene ena amapereka makalata kapena mavoti otsatiridwa ndi munthu amene wachoka. nzika iliyonse imakhala wovota mwachinsinsi ndi zosankha zawo, ndipo kuti chisankho chiyenerere umphumphu wa demokrase, njirayo iyenera kukhala yaufulu ndi yolungama popanda kukakamiza kapena kupereka ziphuphu ndi kudziimira payokha kwa osankha.

Kuchuluka ndi Kulembetsa

Atamaliza kufufuza, ntchito yoŵerengera mavoti ikuyamba. Akuluakulu a chisankho amatsatira njira zotsimikizira kuti kulondola ndi kuonekera bwino kwa kuŵerengera. Zotsatirapo zake zimachitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ku chigawo cha chigawo, ndiyeno zimalekedwa ku mlingo wa dera ndi boma. Kuŵerengera kumakhala kokwanira ndipo kumachitika ndi kuŵerengera kofunikira kulikonse, zotsatira zake zimavomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi akuluakulu a masankho oyenerera.

Malamulo a democracy ambiri amapereka kuti masankho achitidwe nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, ndipo mu United States, masankho a maofesi a boma amachitidwa pakati pa zaka ziŵiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zilizonse m’maiko ambiri ndi m’dziko la boma, kupatulapo malo achiweruzo osankhidwa amene angakhale ndi maulamuliro otalikirapo.

Mitundu ya Zosankha ku United States

Kusankha Mtsogoleri wa Dziko

Chisankho cha pulezidenti chimaimira mipikisano yooneka kwambiri ndi yotsatiridwa kwambiri ku United States. Chisankho cha pulezidenti wa United States chimachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse ndipo chimadziŵika ndi kucholoŵana kwake kodabwitsa ndi zochitika zapadera. Mtsogoleri wamkulu amangokhala ndi mawu aŵiri a zaka zinayi, ndipo ngakhale kuti anthu amasankha munthu wosankhidwa, wopambanayo amasankhidwa ndi Electoral College , ndi gulu lililonse limene limasankha pulezidenti ndi wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti yemwe akuyendetsa ntchito monga gulu, dongosolo limene linayambika pambuyo pa kuvomerezedwa kwa Fime ya 12 mu 1804.

Electoral College ndi yapadera ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri siikumvedwa bwino. Ku United States, pulezidenti amasankhidwa mwa njira yosiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya zigawo ziŵiri kumene voti yotchuka m’boma lililonse imasankha ziŵalo za m'dzikolo ku koleji yosankhidwirapo imene imasankhanso Pulezidenti, imene ingachititse mkhalidwe umene wosankha amene amavota ambiri m'dziko lonselo sapambana pa voti ya voti ya pa koleji, monga momwe zinachitikira posachedwapa mu 2000 ndi 2016.

Njira yosankhira imeneyi ya pakoleji ingatsogolere ku mikhalidwe imene wobatizidwa angapambane utsogoleri popanda kupambana chisankho chotchuka, akumagogomezera chisonkhezero cha kuŵerengera kwa boma, ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti ena amawona koleji yosankhidwa kukhala njira yolinganizidwira pakati pa maiko, ziyambukiro zake pa dongosolo la demokrase zikupitiriza kukhala nkhani ya mkangano.

Ngati palibe woyembekezera kulandira unyinji wa mavoti a Electoral College, prezidenti amasankhidwa mwachindunji ndi Nyumba ya Oimira, ndipo ngati zimenezi zichitika, boma lirilonse limalandira chivoti chimodzi chokha.

Kusankha kwa Nyumba za Malamulo

Masankho amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa chakuti bungwe la Congress limapereka malamulo ndipo limathandiza anthu akuluakulu pa nkhani ya malamulo.

Mamembala a Nyumba ya Malamulo ya United States amatumikira kwa zaka 6, ndi mawu ameneŵa odabwitsa kotero kuti mipando ya zitatu ya Nyumba ya Malamulo imatsegulidwa pa zaka ziŵiri zilizonse. Mfundo I ya Malamulo inalangiza kuti oimira boma asankhidwe ndi malamulo a boma, koma Malamulo a 17 anavomerezedwa mu 1913, anasintha njira imeneyi kutsogolera masankho ndi ovota, njira imodzimodziyo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kusanthula ziŵalo za Nyumba.

Nyumba ya Oimira imachitika zaka ziŵiri zilizonse, ndi malo 435 onse okhalapo panthaŵi imodzi kaamba ka chisankho. Kusinthasintha kwa masankho kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti Nyumbayo ikhale yogwirizana kwambiri ndi malingaliro a anthu amakono ndipo imalola kusintha kwa mwamsanga m'nkhani za m’chipindacho zozikidwa pa kusintha kwa zosankha.

Boma ndi Zosankha Zawo

Malo osankhidwa angadzaze maofesi mu nyumba ya malamulo, nthaŵi zina m'mabungwe akuluakulu ndi achiweruzo, ndi boma la chigawo ndi lakomweko, monga mizinda kapena matauni. Maboma ndi masankho a kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi chiyambukiro chachindunji pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa nzika, popeza kuti akuluakulu a boma ameneŵa amapanga zosankha ponena za maphunziro, chisungiko cha anthu, malo osungirako zinthu, malo, ndi mautumiki a kumaloko.

Chisankho cha boma chimaphatikizapo mipikisano ya bwanamkubwa, opanga malamulo, maloya, alembi a boma, ndi mamaofesi ena osiyanasiyana a boma. Chisankho cha kumaloko chimakhala ndi malo onga a meya, mameya, makhonsati a mzinda, akuluakulu a boma, mamejaji a sukulu, ndi oweruza. Pa avareji, 60% ya voti ya anthu a ku Amereka m'masankhoti a pulezidenti, koma pa mavoti a kumaloko, wovotayo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala wotsika kwambiri.

Maluŵa ndi Zoyamba za Mabale

Kuwonjezera pa masankho osankhidwa, maboma ambiri amalola nzika kuvota mwachindunji pa mafunso a lamulo kupyolera mwa njira za ofufuza ndi zothandizira. Njira zimenezi za demokrase yolunjika zimatheketsa ovota kuvomereza kapena kukana malamulo ena ake, kusintha kwa lamulo, kapena ziganizo za lamulo popanda kutsata oimira osankhidwa.

Ma Referendendum amaphatikizapo mafunso oikidwa pa pepala lolembedwa ndi mabungwe a boma, pamene kuli kwakuti zoyesayesa ndizo kufunsira kwa nzika zimene zimayenerera chisankho kupyolera m'zikalata za pepala. Ziŵiya za democracy zimenezi zimapereka njira ina yothandizira kukhala ndi phande m’miyambo ya nzika ndipo zikhoza kukambirana nkhani zimene akuluakulu osankhidwawo angazengereze kuzithetsa.

Chifukwa Chake Mumasankha Zinthu: Mphamvu ya Munthu Aliyense Payekha Amatenga Nawo Pambuyo

Chiyambukiro Chachikulu pa Lamulo ndi Kulamulira

Akuluakulu a boma onyalanyaza amapanga zosankha zimene zimakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira pa kupereka ndalama zamaphunziro ndi kusamala zaumoyo ku malamulo a malo okhala ndi malamulo a zachuma. Mwa kuvota, nzika zimasonkhezera mwachindunji zosankha zowopsya zimenezi.

Mkhalidwe wa demokrase uli wakuti akuluakulu osankhidwa ali oŵerengera kwa anthu, ndipo iwo ayenera kubwerera kwa ovota panthaŵi zoikidwiratu kukafunafuna lamulo lawo la kupitirizabe m’malo, ndi malamulo a demokrase ambiri opereka kuti zigamulo zikhalepo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi yokhazikika. Njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito kokha pamene nzika zitenga mbali zolimba m’masankho ndi kuika oimira awo thayo la ntchito zawo m’malo.

Kusankha Bwino ndi Ntchito Zotsimikizirika

Mbiri njodzala ndi zitsanzo za masankho ogamulidwa ndi mavoti a m'mphepete mwa lezala, kusonyeza kuti voti iliyonse ikhozadi kupanga kusiyana. M'mafuko apafupi, zotsatira zake zingadalire pa mavoti ochepa okha, ndipo kutengamo mbali kwa munthu aliyense kumakhala kowopsa kwambiri. Pamene nzika zikhulupirira kuti voti yawo siiri yosafunika ndipo sizichitapo kanthu, iwo amatulutsa mawu awo m’dongosolo la democracy kwa ena.

Chiyambukiro chowonjezereka cha zosankha za kuvota chimaumba zotulukapo za voti ndipo, kuwonjezera pa, malangizo a boma. Ngakhale m'mafuko amene sali pafupi kwenikweni, wosankha wamkulu amatsimikizira kuti nduna zosankhidwa ziri ndi ulamuliro womvekera bwino ndi kumvetsetsa bwinopo chifuniro cha anthu awo.

Mawu ndi Oimira

M’demokrase yosakhala yachindunji kapena yoimira, anthu amasankha anthu amene adzawaimira, pamene akupanga zosankha. Popanda kutengamo mbali mokangalika m’masankho, nzika zimataya mwaŵi wawo wa kukhala ndi malingaliro awo, nkhaŵa, ndi zinthu zofunika koposa zosonyezedwa m’kupanga zosankha za boma.

Kutsimikizira kuti malingaliro ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana amveka m’dongosolo la ndale zadziko. Pamene magulu ena a anthu kapena anthu akakhala ndi osankha ochepa, zikondwerero zawo zinganyalanyazidwe kapena kuperekedwa m’zosankha za malamulo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, chiŵerengero chachikulu cha otengamo mbali m’mbali zonse za chitaganya chimatsogolera ku ulamuliro wowonjezereka ndi woimira.

Thayo la Banja ndi Thanzi Lademokalase

Ngati anthu ambiri osankhidwa asankha kusachita nawo zinthu, ndiye kuti ali ndi udindo waukulu m’maboma a democracy.

Wovota wamkulu amalimbitsa ulamuliro wa demokalase ndi kutsimikizira kuti akuluakulu osankhidwa amaimiradi chifuniro cha anthu.

Zotulukapo Zanthaŵi Yaitali

Ziyambukiro za masankho zimaposa pa nthaŵi yapadera ya udindo wa akuluakulu osankhidwa. Zosankha zochitidwa ndi oimira osankhidwa zingakhale ndi ziyambukiro zokhalitsa pa chitaganya, maboma, ndi mtundu kwa zaka makumi angapo. Mapangano a chiweruzo, kuikizira zinthu zapamwamba, malamulo a maphunziro, ndi malamulo a malo okhala ndi malo ali zitsanzo zochepa chabe za mbali zimene zosankha zamakono zimasintha maŵa.

Mwa kutenga nawo mbali m'masankho, ovota amathandiza kugamula osati malamulo amakono okha komanso mfundo za nthaŵi yaitali za m'mudzi wawo ndi dziko. Mbali imeneyi yoyang'anira patsogolo ya mavoti imasonyeza kufunika kwa kukhala ndi phande kwanzeru ndi kupanga zosankha pa bokosi losankhira.

Zolepheretsa Kufalitsa ndi Zoyesayesa za Kuwonjezera Mbali

Zopinga Zofala pa Kutengamo Mbali

Mosasamala kanthu za kufunika kwa kuvota, zopinga zosiyanasiyana zingaletse kapena kuletsa nzika zoyenerera kutengamo mbali m’masankho.

Anthu amene amatsutsa mfundo zimenezi amati zimenezi zimateteza anthu kuti asamachite masankho, pamene anthu otsutsa amatsutsa kwambiri anthu ena ndipo zimawalepheretsa kuchita nawo zinthu zina zosafunika.

Kufutukula Njira Yofikira Ballot

Pozindikira kufunika kwa kutenga nawo mbali m'madera ambiri, mayiko ambiri apanga njira zopangira kuvota kukhala kosavuta. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo nyengo zovota msanga, madongosolo a voti osakhalapo, mavoti ndi makalata, maola ofunsira, ndi kulembetsa kwa tsiku lomwelo. Kulembetsa kwa Voter kwakhala kosavuta kwambiri m'zaka zambiri, ndi Congress akudutsa National Voter Regablication Act (NVRA) mu 1994 ndi cholinga chowonjezera chiŵerengero cha ovota a dziko.

Zipangizo zamakono zathandizanso kuwonjezera njira zopezera zinthu. M’mayiko ambiri, nzika zoyenerera zingalembetsenso kuvota pa Intaneti, ngakhale kuti mungafunikire laisensi ya dalaivala, ID ya boma, ndi manambala anayi omalizira a nambala yanu ya chitetezo cha anthu kuti alembetse pa Intaneti, chifukwa mayiko ambiri amafuna kuti mulembetse chikalata chanu pa Intaneti.

Maphunziro a Zopangapanga ndi Kugwirizana

Kutenga nawo mbali kowonjezereka sikumafuna kokha kuchotsa zopinga komanso kutsimikizira kuti nzika zili ndi chidziŵitso ndi chuma chimene zifunikira kuti zikhalemo mokhutiritsa.

Phunziro la Chigawo m’masukulu, maprogramu opitira ku chitaganya, otsogolera otola voti, ndi ofalitsa nkhani onsewo amathandizira kusanthula nkhani zodziŵika bwino. Osankha akazindikira nkhani zimene ziri paupandu ndi malo a opitawo osiyanasiyana, iwo angapange zosankha zodziŵitsidwa bwino zimene zimasonyezadi mapindu awo ndi zinthu zofunika.

Mbali ya Mapwando Andale m’Malo Osankha

Magulu andale amachita mbali yaikulu m'kulinganiza ndi kulinganiza masankho. Njira ya chisankho ya pulezidenti imayamba ndi zipani za ndale zadziko za America, ndipo America ali mbali ziŵiri zopangidwa ndi Democratic Party ndi Republican Party, ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti pali magulu ena, iwo ali ndi mphamvu ndi chisonkhezero chochepa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi magulu aŵiri aakulu.

Machigawo amachita ntchito zambiri zofunika m'dongosolo losandutsa mavoti. Iwo amalemba ndi kuchirikiza oyembekezera, kuyambitsa mapulatifomu a malamulo, kusonkhanitsa ovota, kupereka dongosolo la gulu la makampani osankhidwa, ndi kuthandiza ovota kusankha masankho ocholoŵa mosiyanasiyana mwa kupereka zizindikiro ndi mfundo zodziŵika. Komabe, mphamvu za zipani zandale zakhalanso zosuliza ndi kukonzanso zoyesayesa zokhala zochepetsera chisonkhezero cha otsutsa m'nkhani zina.

Kusankha Umphumphu ndi Chisungiko

Akuluakulu a chisankho amagwiritsira ntchito njira zambiri zotsimikizira kuti mavoti aikidwa ndi kuŵerengedwa molondola, kuti osankha oyenerera okha ndiwo atengamo mbali, ndi kuti njirayo imakhala yopanda chinyengo kapena kupotoza.

Malo otetezera ameneŵa ndi monga kutsimikizira kwa ovota, njira zotetezera, maphunziro a ofufuza, kuyang'anira kwa oimira chipani ndi makompyuta a kampani, kufufuza kwa pambuyo pa chisankho, ndi njira zoŵerengera. Ngakhale kuti palibe dongosolo lolondola, mitu yambiri ya chisungiko ndi uyang'aniro m'masankho amakono imapangitsa chinyengo kukhala chovuta kwambiri ndi chosoŵa.

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi nkhani ya masankho, makamaka zokhudza kuopsa kwa makampani ndiponso kulimba kwa ziwiya zovota.

Malingaliro a Padziko Lonse pa Zosankha

Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani ino ikunena makamaka za masankho ku United States, kuli bwino kuwona kuti masankho a democracy achitika padziko lonse, limodzi ndi limodzi lokhala ndi mikhalidwe yapadera yopangidwa ndi malamulo alamulo osiyanasiyana, madongosolo a voti, ndi miyambo ya ndale zadziko. Njira zapadera ndi zapadera zakhala zikugwiritsiridwa ntchito pafupifupi m'maiko onse a demokrase, ndipo zambiri zikusiyana ndi kukhala maufumu akale a Britain ndi France.

Kufufuza za masankho osankhidwa m’mademokrase ena kungathandize kudziŵa bwino mmene njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira masankho zimakhudzira anthu, kuchita nawo ntchito, ndi kulamulira.

Tsogolo la Zosankha

Kukambirana za kusintha kwa zinthu kumaphatikizapo kukangana pa Electoral College, malamulo a zachuma, njira zovotera, njira zothandizira anthu kukonzanso zinthu, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono posankha ndi povota.

Umisiri womapanga umapereka ponse paŵiri mwaŵi ndi mavuto omwe kusankhira. Kuvota pa Intaneti, madongosolo otsekeredwa ndi ma breatchain, ndi ma stem olembetsera opita ku mavoti angawonjezere kukhoza ndi kukhoza bwino, komanso amadzutsa mafunso ponena za chisungiko, chinsinsi, ndi kugaŵikana kwa manambala. Kulinganiza bwino zinthu ndi chisungiko ndi kupezeka bwino kukukhalabe vuto la oyang'anira masankho ndi opanga malamulo.

Kuchitapo Kanthu: Mmene Mungachitire Nawo Ntchitoyi Mogwira Mtima

Kuzindikira mmene ntchito ya chisankho ilili sitepe loyamba lopezeramo mbali yopindulitsa.

  • Kutsimikizira kuti iwo alembetsa kuvota ndi kusunga chidziŵitso chawo cha kulembetsa
  • Khalanibe odziŵitsidwa ponena za njira za chisankho, zokasankha, ndi za kusanthula
  • Ofuna kufufuza asanayambe kuvota
  • Zindikirani mmene mavoti amagwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo masiku olembetsa, malo ochitira kafukufuku, ndi zimene angafunikire
  • Kambiranani kuti muvote, kaya pa tsiku la chisankho, pa nthawi yovota koyamba, kapena potumiza makalata
  • Muzilimbikitsa anzanu, achibale komanso anthu a m’dera lanu kuti azichita nawo zinthu zosiyanasiyana
  • Talingalirani za kudzipereka kuntchito monga wochita voti kapena woonerera masankho
  • Khalani odzipereka pakati pa masankho mwa kutsatira malamulo ndi kulankhulana ndi oimira osankhidwa

Kwa awo ofuna kulembetsa kuvota kapena kupeza chidziŵitso chonena za chisankho chikudza, zopereka zalamulo zonga Vov.gov akupereka chidziŵitso chochuluka, chosagawana chonena za njira yolembera, zofunsira, ndi masiku a masankho. Boma ndi maofesi a chisankho akwanulira akuperekanso chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane ku chigawo chilichonse.

Kumaliza

Kusankha kumapanga maziko a ulamuliro wa democracy, kumapereka njira yofunika imene nzika zimagwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro ndi kuchititsa atsogoleri awo kuŵerengera. Kuchokera pa masitepe oyambirira a kulembetsa kosankhidwa kupyolera m’zikalata zomalizira za chivoti, dongosolo la voti limaphatikizapo masitepe ambiri, zitetezero, ndi otengamo mbali ogwirira ntchito pamodzi kutsimikizira kuti chifuno cha anthu chikusonyezedwa molondola m’boma.

Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masankho, kuyambira pa mipikisano ya pulezidenti mpaka pa mipikisano ya mafuko a kumaloko ndi njira za kugawira, kumathandiza nzika kuzindikira ukulu wonse wa ulamuliro wa demokrase. Kaya kuvota kaamba ka malo apamwamba koposa m’dzikolo kapena kwa mamembala a sukulu, chosankha chilichonse chosankhidwa ndi wosankhidwa chimathandizira kuwongolera malamulo ndi zinthu zofunika koposa zimene zimakhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kufunika kwa munthu aliyense payekha sikunganenedwe mopambanitsa. Nkhani zonse zovota, osati kokha m'kugamula zotulukapo zamwamsanga za osankhidwa komanso m’kulimbitsa mabungwe a demokrase, kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa woimira, ndi kuwongolera njira yanthaŵi yaitali ya madera ndi mitundu. Pamene nzika zizindikira mmene masankho amagwirira ntchito ndi kukhala ndi phande mwa iwo, demokrase imafalikira.

Pamene magulu a democracy akupitirizabe kusintha ndi kuyang’anizana ndi mavuto atsopano, malamulo ofunika oyendetsera masankho amakhala osasintha: boma limapeza ulamuliro wake mwa kuvomereza kwa olamulidwawo, ndipo chivomerezocho chiyenera kuperekedwa mwaufulu kupyolera m’njira zoyenerera, zowonekera bwino, ndi zosavuta kugawira. Mwakumvetsetsa malamulo ameneŵa ndi kutengamo mbali m’masankho, nzika zimakwaniritsa thayo lawo la chiweniweni ndi kuthandiza kuti demokrase ikhale yolimba, yovomereza, ndi yogwira mtima kwa mibadwo yotsatira.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za chisankho ndi chisankho, chezerani GAV's zosungira chisankho kapena funsani ofesi yanu ya chisankho cha state kaamba ka zofunika ndi njira zachindunji m'dera lanu.