Chiyambi: Maziko a Ulamuliro Wabwino

Kutenga katundu kwa anthu ku India ndi imodzi ya njira yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, imachititsa 20-30% ya GDP ya dzikolo. Ikaganizira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zowonongedwa ndi ma transmendies pachaka, njira imene boma limagulira zinthu, mautumiki, ndi ntchito imakhudza mwachindunji chuma, thanzi la anthu, ndi kukhulupirika kwa anthu. Zaka khumi zapitazo, kukonza zinthu kwasintha kwa malamulo kwayambika kusintha njira yamakono yoyendetsera zinthu, yowonetsera, ndi yopikisana. Kusintha kumeneku sikuli kuyang'anira chabe; kumasonyeza kusintha kofunika kwa za ulamuliro.

Maziko a kusintha kumeneku ndi pangano la boma la la kukonza , njira zodziŵika , ndi [[FLT]] mapulaneti amene amasiya malo aang'ono kuti apeze nzeru kapena ziphuphu. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza malamulo amene amapanga mapulani amakono a maluso, mmene amachiritsira kuwala ndi kuyendetsa bwino kwa maluso, mphamvu zawo, ndi mavuto amene opanga malamulowo ayenera kulankhula nawo.

Kubwereza Kuthandiza Kwaunyinji kwa India

Kupeza kwa anthu ku India kumalamulidwa kwambiri ndi General Financial Real Trials (GFRS), Manual for Prosurection of Goods, ndi zitsogozo za chigawo zoperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Kupititsa patsogolo Indasitale ndi Unduna wa Zachuma (DPIIT) ndi Ministry of Mankir. Ku chigawo chapakati, Directorate General of Provices and Dispositals (DGS&D) yakhala ikuyendetsa kale zinthu zazikulu, koma m'zaka zaposachedwapa ntchitoyo yakhala yotchuka kumene ntchito za kampani ndi chigawo chapoyera (PU) zimalamulira kupezera ndalama kwawo m'anzawo amodzi.

Kuchuluka kwa makampaniwa n’kodabwitsa: Mabungwe a boma oposa 50,000 amagula zinthu, ndipo pachaka amawononga ndalama zokwana 7610 -12 pa katundu yekha, kuchotsa ntchito zazikulu zapadera.

Ntchito Yotsatira Malamulo ndi Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Ziŵiya zazikulu zimene zimalongosola malamulo a ku India amaphatikizapo:

  • General Financial Reconfication Reals (GFR), 2017: Kupereka malamulo otsatizana kwambiri a kuyang'anira zachuma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe a boma. Amalamula kuti anthu ayambe kupikisana, kuonekera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kukonza zinthu zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi.
  • Chikalata cha Kukonza Zabwino, 2017: Chimalongosola mwatsatanetsatane njira zolembera, kupima, ndi kuyang'anira pangano, kugogomezera kugwiritsira ntchito zikalata zolembera zinthu ndi mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti.
  • Pobic Prosucturation Policy for Microputic and Small Enprises (MSES), 2012 (kusinthidwa): Amatchula ntchito za boma zapakati ndi PUS magwero 25% a ndalama zawo za pachaka kuchokera ku MSES, ndi 4% ya msika wa akazi wongoikidwa.
  • GEM (Gome e- Musika) ntchito ya pasadakhale: Pulogalamu ya pa Intaneti imene yakhala yofala pa zinthu zonse ndi mautumiki, kuphatikiza zolembera, zopempha, ndi ndalama pansi pa dongosolo limodzi.

Mbali Zazikulu Zochirikiza Kuonana Moyenera

Kuwonana kwa maakaunti a anthu sikuli kokha kupangitsa chidziŵitso kupezeka; kuli kotsimikizira kuti sitepe iriyonse "kuyambira ku kufeŵera mpaka ku malipiro(n’njowoneka, yotsimikizika, ndi yoŵerengeka. Malamulo a India amawonekera kupyolera m'zochitika zingapo za konkiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Pojambula ndi Kuchiritsa

Chiyambire kuyambika kwa Central Public Profication Portal (PPP) ndi Boma la E-MCS (GEM) mu 2016, pafupifupi ndalama zonse za boma zopezedwa pamwamba pa 932 lakh zasuntha pa Intaneti. Kusintha kumeneku kwachotsa kachitidwe kakale ka kugonjera, kamene kanali kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa zolembedwa, kutayikiridwa, ndi kupindula kopanda chilungamo. Lerolino, amalonda amatumiza makompyuta, ndi njira yonse .

GeM, makamaka, yakhala wosintha maseŵero. Kuchiyambiyambi kwa 2025, imapanga zinthu ndi mautumiki oposa 7 miliyoni kuchokera kwa ogulitsa oposa 800,000 olembetsedwa ndi ogula oposa 100,000 a boma. Ndalama iliyonse ya GeM imawoneka poyera pa stetboard , kuphatikizapo dziŵa wa wogula, wogulitsa, mtengo wolipiridwa, ndi deti la kuwonekera.

" papulatifomu ya GeM yasintha kugwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu onse ku India mwa kukonza intaneti, kuonekera kwa zinthu, ndi kutumiza zinthu. Kwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthaŵi yoyendera ndi 30-50% ndi kupulumutsa boma masauzande a ma ma ma ma marrole pamtengo. . — NITI Aayog Report, 2023

Kutsegula Mpikisano

Malamulo a ku India amalamulira kuti pokhapo ngati kuchotsako kwapadera (monga ngati chiwonkhetso chimodzi) kuli koyenera kulemba ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi wolamulira wamkulu, zilembo zonse ziyenera kukhala zotseguka kwa oyenerera onse. Lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino limeneli la lotseguka limatsatiridwa kupyola m'zi zotsatirazi:

  • Chenjezo la Public:[[FLT :1] Matanthauzo onse a mtengo pamwamba pa 762 lakh amafalitsidwa pa CPPP ndi m'nyuzipepala imodzi ya dziko. GeM ngokuzenzekelayo imaulutsa mipata kwa ogulitsa olembetsa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Access : Palibe Reformer ingakhale yosafunika pa zifukwa zomveka. Zizindikiro za kuyenerera ndi kupenda zimafotokozedwa bwino m'chikalata chofufuzira, ndipo njira yopimira (m'b., mtengo wotsika kwambiri kapena mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wozikidwa pa mtengo) imafotokozedwa moonekera bwino.
  • Grievance Redressal: Makampani angadzutse zitsutso pa Intaneti pa nyengo yodziŵika, ndipo ofisala wosankhidwa afunikira kuyankha ndi zifukwa. Njira imeneyi imaletsa tsankho.

Zitsogozo Zomveka Bwino

Kudziwa bwino zimene zinalembedwa ndi zikalata za ziphuphu ndiponso mikangano. M’dziko la India, anthu amalemba zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zikalata zopimira, kuyang’anira mapangano, ndiponso mapangano osiyanasiyana m’madipatimenti ambiri a boma. Mabuku a Mabuku a Zopangapanga za Zofunika za Mabuku amapereka zikalata zachitsanzo zimene zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kukonzedwanso kwambiri.

Ndiponso, malamulo amafuna kuti zolakwika zonse zilembedwe m'malamulo apadera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zolandira zichitidwa mwa njira yochepera (m’malo mwa kutseguka), kulungamitsa kuyenera kulembedwa ndi kupangidwa kuti kukhale kofunikira kuŵerengera. Zimenezi zimapanga njira yoŵerengera imene mabungwe oyang'anira monga Comptroller ndi Piccioli General (CAG) angapende.

Njira Zothandizira Kupeza Chipambano

Kupeza ndalama zambiri kumatanthauza kuigwiritsa ntchito mofulumira, motchipa, ndiponso molakwika zochepa. Kusintha kwa India kwakhudza kwambiri ntchito zomasintha madzi, kuchepetsa kuloŵerera kwa manja, ndi luso la zogwiritsa ntchito.

Kutseguka kwa M’dindi

Madipatimenti ambiri a boma atenga njira yodziŵira fashoni imodzi, kumene zilolezo zonse za kupezera (kugwirizana kwalamulo, kupenda kwa maluso, kuloledwa) yaikidwa pa Intaneti imodzi mmalo mwa kufuna wamalonda kuchezera maofesi ambiri. Zimenezi sizimasunga nthaŵi yokha komanso zimachepetsa mipata ya kuchedwa ndi chiphuphu. M'maprogramu apamwamba onga kupanga mu India , ulendo umodzi wa pa madoko la pa ma window kaamba ka kutetezera ndi kuyendetsa katundu wa zakhala ndi kulola nthaŵi kuchokera ku miyezi yambiri kunka ku milungu.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndege Zonse Zothandiza Kuchira

Njira yopezera ndalama za anthu a ku India masiku ano si yongothandiza chabe:

  • .Calges: GeM imagwiritsira ntchito macatalog amphamvu kumene ogulitsa amasintha mitengo ndi kukhalako panthaŵi yeniyeni. Ogula angayelekeze zinthu kudutsa zidutswa zambiri za zinthu popanda kuyembekezera mawu.
  • MAWU OKHA: [[FL:1] kaamba ka zinthu ndi zinthu zotsatizana, mafashoni osintha amachitidwa pa Intaneti, kaŵirikaŵiri amayendetsa mitengo 10-20% yotsika kuposa mtengo wa sunga. Mapilo a dongosolo a mayeso onse oyeneretsedwa ndi wopambana amatsimikizirika.
  • Uyang'aniro wa Kontract: Mapangano amasainidwa mwa wailesi ndi wailesi pogwiritsa ntchito Aadhaar-set , ndipo kuyang'anira ntchito kumachitidwa kudzera m'mabodi ochedwetsa mbendera.
  • Mpando wa : [1] Komiti ya Ndalama ya Public Information Management (PFMS) imagwirizana ndi GeM ndi mapulatifomu ena kulinganiza ndalama zolipirira potsimikizira kutumiza, kuchepetsa zungulirenguliro kuchokera pa 90+ masiku mpaka pa masiku 15 a malonda ambiri.

Zolembedwa ndi Zitsanzo Zofunika

Kukhazikitsa malamulo kumawongolera mwachindunji kuyendetsa bwino nthaŵi yothera kukonza mapulani, kupenda, ndi kuvomereza mapepala ovomerezeka. Kulandira kwa India Chifunsitso cha Propositals [RFPs:1] ndi malamulo ndi mikhalidwe yoyenerera [[FLT:] kumatsimikizira kuti wogula ndi wowikiza akudziŵa bwino lomwe zimene angayembekezere. Zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri makamaka pa ntchito zazikulu, kumene mikangano yalamulo pa mapangano a mapangano osiyanasiyana ingalumikize mabiliyoni ambiri a mapulogalamu kwa zaka zambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways imagwiritsira ntchito pangano lovomerezeka la mayanjano a anthu a pa msewu wa paokha, limene lapangidwa ndi maboma ku India. Kufanana kumeneku kumathandiza ogula kupenda mwamsanga mwaŵi ndi kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kubwezerana kwalamulo pa ntchito iliyonse.

Chiyambukiro cha Atsogoleli Ameneŵa

Zotsatira za malamulo oonekera bwino ndi olondola a ku India n’zosavuta kuzipeza m’njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kuchepetsa Ziphuphu

Transparency International’s Corporations Index imasonyeza kuwongokera kwapang'onopang'onopang'ono m'mayeso a India kuyambira 2016, kulingana ndi kutsegulidwa kwa njira ya kuchiritsa . Pamene kuli kwakuti zinthu zambiri zimathandizira, chidziŵitso cha CVC chimasonyeza kuchepa kwa madandaulo okhudzana ndi kupezedwa kwa madipatimenti a boma. Njira ya pa Intaneti imapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kwambiri kutsatsa malonda kapena mapangano popanda chilolezo. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2022 Bhanki la World, njira ya India yochiritsira yachepetsa kuthekera kwa kusungidwa ndi ziphuphu zoyendera limodzi ndi 40%.

Kufunika kwa Ndalama

Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Indian Institute of Management kwasonyeza kuti kupikisana pa Intaneti kumachepetsa mtengo wa 15 /25% wa njira zamwambo, ngakhale pambuyo poŵerengera kuti ndi yabwino. Chigawo cha GeM chokha chikuyerekezeredwa kukhala chitapulumutsa boma pa 761 lakh crore mu chiwiritikiro chake, mwa kutulukira ndi kuchotsa kwa anthu apakati. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchepa kwa nthaŵi yoyendera desikiridwa (kuyambira pa avereji ya masiku 60 kufika pa masiku 30) kumatanthauza kuti ntchitozo zayamba mwamsanga, kuchepetsa mtengo woyendera zinthu zoyendera.

Kuwonjezera Kutengamo Mbali ndi Mpikisano

Makampani aang'ono ndi aang'ono, kuphatikizapo mayuniti ndi mayambiriro, tsopano ali ndi mapangano a boma omwe sanachitikepo. Malamulo okonda MSES, ophatikizapo kulembetsa kwa GeM, achititsa kuwonjezereka kwa chiŵerengero cha mapicers pa perference imodzi. Kwa zinthu zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito, avareji yakwera kuchokera pa atatu kufika pa khumi ndi aŵiri. Kupikisana kumeneku kukuchititsa kutchuka ndi kukwera mtengo. Ndiponso, malamulowo akhazikitsa mokhutiritsa zofuna za opanga zinthu, kulimbikitsa Atmanbirbar Barbar (APFLD : 1]).

Kudalira Anthu Ena Kukuwonjezerani

Pamene nzika ziwona zenizeni zimene boma likugula, kuti ndi mtengo wotani, kudalira kwa zipatala za boma kumawongokera. GeM staxboard, imene imasonyeza malonda alionse panthaŵi yeniyeni, iri chiŵiya champhamvu kaamba ka kuyang'anira chitaganya cha anthu. Mabungwe a Media ndi ofufuza nthaŵi zonse amalemba chidziŵitso chimenechi kuti apereke lipoti la kugula. Kuwonekeraku kumalangizanso akuluakulu a boma, amene amadziŵa kuti malonda achilendo alionse angawonedwe ndi openda kapena osindikiza nkhani.

Mavuto Amene Tikukumana Nawo M’tsogolo

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino chonchi, njira yopezera ndalama ya ku India siili ndi mavuto.

Kuloŵa M’malo Kodabwitsa Kupyola Maboma ndi Ampatuko

Pamene kuli kwakuti madipatimenti a boma atenga mwamsanga njira yochiritsira, maboma ambiri , makamaka aang'ono amadalira pa ntchito zamanja kapena za m'mafakitale. Kuchuluka kwa makampani ogula kuli kosiyana kwambiri: maboma ena ali ndi madongosolo amphamvu ndi kuŵerengera kwanthaŵi yeniyeni, pamene ena amavutika ndi chidziŵitso chosakwanira, kuchedwa kulipira, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito pang'ono zikalata zoikidwiratu. Mwachitsanzo, madipatimenti angapo a zaumoyo a boma adakapezabe mankhwala mwa kukambitsirana kwa mtsempha wa galimoto, kuchititsa kukayikira za kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto.

Nyumba Zamphamvu ndi Kusokonezeka kwa Chuma cha Anthu

Kupeza zinthu mogwira mtima kumafuna akatswiri aluso amene amamvetsetsa zonse ziŵiri malamulo ndi luso lazopangapanga. Madipatimenti ambiri a boma alibe akatswiri odzipereka opezera ndalama; mmalo mwake, makampani a boma amayang'aniridwa ndi maulamuliro amene amasinthasintha zaka zingapo. Zimenezi zimatsogolera kuphophonya m'zolemba, kulephera, ndi kuphonya mipata ya kusintha zinthu. Boma layambitsa maprogramu ophunzitsa kudzera mu Nationalal Institute of Financial Management [1] Koma kukwera mlingo kumachedwa.

Mavuto a Kugaŵanitsa Mafoni ndi Kusuta

GeM yachepetsako malire oloŵera, makompyuta ambiri ang'onoang'ono m'madera akumidzi sathabe kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti, kulemba ndi kulemba manambala, kapena maakaunti a ku banki omwe akugwira ntchito. Komanso, chofunika kuti sigine foni isainidwe ndi kulembetsa chingakhale chopinga. Boma layankha mwa kukhazikitsa malo a GeM m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi kupereka maphunziro aulere, koma kuwonjezera maawiro kufunikira kuwonjezera kwambiri kuti kuwona ubwino wa kuwala kwa dziko lonse lapansi.

Kuyang’anira ndi Kufufuza Zinthu Molimbikitsa

Ngakhale kuti pali makompyuta a pa Intaneti, ziphuphu zingapitirize ngati uyang'aniro uli wofooka. Pakali pano, bungwe la Central Vigilance Commission [1] ndi CAG ali ndi ulamuliro wofufuza njira zopezera ndalama, koma amafikira ndi zingwe zofiira zoyendera zimene zimazindikira mapulogalamu amodzi, madiresipo, kapena mapulojekiti olakwika. Madongosolo ena opita patsogolo amagwiritsira ntchito LUKA kujambula zifuwa; India wapanga ndege zochepa, komatu si apamwamba.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Ala, Bbackchain, ndi Chigwirizano Chotseguka

Poyang’ana kutsogolo, India akufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kuwona bwino ndi kuyendetsa bwino zinthu:

Kumaliza: Chitsanzo cha Kuphatikizana kwa Chuma

Ulendo wa India kuchokera ku njira yoyendera yozikidwa pa pepala, yodalirana ndi yosaonekera bwino, ndi yopikisana imapereka maphunziro ofunika kwambiri ku madera akumeneku a zachuma padziko lonse. Kuphatikiza malamulo alamulo, mapulatifomu a zaumisiri monga GeM, ndi uyang'aniro wa bungwe zachepetsa kwambiri ziphuphu, mtengo wa ndalama, ndi kuchuluka kwa ogulitsa malonda. Komabe, ntchitoyi siinathe. Mbali yotsatira ya kusintha zinthu iyenera kuyang'ana pa kukwaniritsa mabizinesi osiyanasiyana, kumanga maluso, ndi luso lamakono monga AIP ndi kutsegulira zinthu kuti ikhale patsogolo pa ngozi.

Pamene India akupitiriza kusungitsa ndalama m’zamoyo, m’zaumoyo, ndi m’kuchinjiriza, kukhoza ndi kukhulupirika kwa kupezedwa kwake kwa anthu kudzatsimikizira mwachindunji kaya kuikiza ndalama kumeneku kumadzetsa phindu lalikulu kwa anthu. Malamulowo ali kale maziko olimba; ndi cholinga cha ndale zadziko chokhazikika ndi kusumika maganizo pa kulamulira, iwo angapereke kuwonekera kokulirapo ndi kukhoza bwino koposa m’zaka zikudzazo.

Zilozero ndi Kuŵerenga Kowonjezereka